Communicable disease and what it spread by
Diseases spread organism to organism. Spread by pathogens
Non Communicable disease
Diseases that cannot be spread organism to organism
Health definition
The state of physical and mental well being
Pathogen
Microorganisms that cause infectious disease
4 pathogens
Bacteria
Virus
Protist
Fungi
How does bacteria cause illness
Bacteria rapidly reproduce and release toxins
How does virus cause illness
Invade a host cell, reproduce and leaving the cell causing it to burst
3 ways pathogens spread
The air
Water
Direct contact
3 ways to prevent pathogen spread
Basic hygiene like washing hand before eating
Clean drinking water
Condom in sexual intercourse
2 symptom and how it spread (Measles - virus)
Fever and red skin rash
Spread by air
1 symptom and what HIV does
Flu like symptoms
Attacks immune system until it cannot fight other infections
Drugs for viruses
Antiretroviral drugs
2 symptoms of salmonella
Vomiting n Diahorrea
Example of vector
Mosquito bites people spreading malaria
2 ways to prevent malaria
Prevent mosquito form breeding and biting humans
3 non specific defence systems
Skin - protective layer protecting body
Nose - hair and mucus trapping pathogens
Lungs - trachea and bronchi covered in cilia that trap pathogens
Phagocytosis
White blood cell ingest pathogens and uses enzymes to destroy pathogens
Antibodies
White blood cell releases antibodies that destroy specific bacteria
Tobacco Mosaic Virus
Discolour in a mosaic pattern reducing the rate of photosynthesis
Rose black spot
Fungi causes leaves to develop black spots which make the leaves turn yellow and fall off.
2 ways fungi can spread
Water + Wind
Vaccination
Introducing small quantities of dead/inactive pathogens into your body. This stimulates white blood cell to produce antibodies against it
Herd immunity
If lots of people are vaccinated, unvaccinated people cannot get infected as nobody has the pathogen to spread to them
3 things u need to check for medicine
Check toxicity of drugs
Check its effectiveness
Check the perfect amount of dose
Double blind trial
Neither patient nor doctors know which group got a placebo and which got the active drug