Flashcards: Antineoplastic drugs

Temsirolimus (CCI-779) is an intravenous drug for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), developed by Wyeth Pharmaceuticals and approved by the U.

Vorinostat (rINN) also known as suberanilohydroxamic acid (suberoyl+anilide+hydroxamic acid abbreviated as SAHA) is a member of a larger class of compounds that inhibit histone deacetylases (HDAC).

Fosfestrol (INN, BAN, JAN) (brand names Honvan, Difostilben, Fosfostilben, Fostrolin, Stilbol, Stilphostrol, Vagestrol, among others), also known as diethylstilbestrol diphosphate (USAN), abbreviated as DESDP or DESP, is a synthetic, non-steroidal estrogen of the stilbestrol group that is or has been used in the treatment of prostate cancer.

Azathioprine (AZA), also known by its brand name Imuran, is an immunosuppressive drug used in organ transplantation and autoimmune diseases and belongs to the chemical class of purine analogues.

δ-Aminolevulinic acid (dALA or δ-ALA or 5ala or 5-aminolevulinic acid ) is the first compound in the porphyrin synthesis pathway, the pathway that leads to heme in mammals and chlorophyll in plants.

Mitomycin C is a mitomycin that is used as a chemotherapeutic agent by virtue of its antitumour activity.

Anagrelide (Agrylin/Xagrid, Shire and Thromboreductin, AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals AG) is a drug used for the treatment of essential thrombocytosis (ET; essential thrombocythemia), or overproduction of blood platelets.

Celecoxib is a COX-2 selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).

Miltefosine (trade names Impavido and Miltex) is a broad-spectrum phospholipid antimicrobial drug.

Regorafenib (BAY 73-4506, commercial name Stivarga) is an oral multi-kinase inhibitor developed by Bayer which targets angiogenic, stromal and oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK).

Everolimus (INN) (/ˌɛvəˈroʊləməs/) (earlier code name RAD001) is the 40-O-(2-hydroxyethyl) derivative of sirolimus and works similarly to sirolimus as an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR).

Asparaginase (EC 3.5.1.1, USAN) or Colaspase (BAN) is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of asparagine to aspartic acid.

Lenalidomide (trade name Revlimid) is a derivative of thalidomide introduced in 2004.

Tris(2-chloroethyl)amine is the organic compound with the formula N(CH2CH2Cl)3.

Idelalisib (trade name Zydelig zye-DEL-ig, codenamed GS-1101 or CAL-101) is a drug used for the treatment of certain hematological malignancies.

Resimmune or A-dmDT390-bisFv(UCHT1) is an experimental drug — an anti-T cell immunotoxin — that is being investigated for treatment of T cell blood cancers such as cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL).

Tamibarotene (brand name: Amnolake), also called retinobenzoic acid, is orally active, synthetic retinoid, developed to overcome all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) resistance, with potential antineoplastic activity against acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) .

Alitretinoin, or 9-cis-retinoic acid, is a form of vitamin A.

Lonidamine is a derivative of indazole-3-carboxylic acid, which for a long time, has been known to inhibit aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells.

3,3′-Diindolylmethane (DIM) is a compound derived from the digestion of indole-3-carbinol, found in cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage and kale.

Aceglatone (Glucaron) is an antineoplastic drug available in Japan.

Acutissimin A is a flavono-ellagitannin, a type of tannin formed from the linking of a flavonoid with an ellagitannin.

Azaserine is a naturally occurring serine derivative diazo compound with antineoplastic and antibiotic properties deriving from its action as a purinergic antagonist and structural similarity to glutamine.

Pegaspargase /pəˈɡæspərɡeɪz/, trade name Oncaspar, is a modified enzyme used as an antineoplastic agent.

Pegdinetanib (USAN; planned trade name Angiocept) is an investigational anti-cancer drug that acts as a selective antagonist of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2), hindering vascularization of tumors.

Trifluridine (also called trifluorothymidine or TFT) is an anti-herpesvirus antiviral drug, used primarily on the eye.

Biricodar (INN, codename VX-710, marketed as the dicitrate salt under the trade name Incel) is a pharmaceutical drug released by Vertex Pharmaceuticals in 1999 to help treat ovarian cancer patients.

Elsamitrucin (elsamicin A) is a drug used in chemotherapy.

Enocitabine (INN, marketed under the brand name Sunrabin) is a nucleoside analog used as chemotherapy.

Epitiostanol (INN, JAN) (brand name Thiodrol; developmental code name 10275 S), also known as epithioandrostanol or 2α,3α-epithio-5α-androstan-17β-ol, is a sulfur-containing, steroidal, potent antiestrogen as well as androgen and anabolic steroid derived from androstanol (5α-androstan-17β-ol) that was described in the literature in 1965 and has been marketed in Japan as an antineoplastic agent for the treatment of breast cancer since 1977.

Exisulind (tentative trade name Aptosyn) is an antineoplastic agent.

O6-Benzylguanine (O6-BG) is a synthetic derivative of guanine.

Selumetinib (AZD6244) is a drug that was discovered by Array BioPharma and was licensed to AstraZeneca.

Pembrolizumab (formerly MK-3475 and lambrolizumab, trade name Keytruda) is a humanized antibody used in cancer immunotherapy.

Neocarzinostatin (NCS) is a macromolecular chromoprotein enediyne antitumor antibiotic secreted by Streptomyces macromomyceticus.

Avelumab (MSB0010718C) is a fully human monoclonal PD-L1 antibody of isotype IgG1, currently in development by Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany & Pfizer for use in immunotherapy, especially for treatment of NSCLC .

Losoxantrone (biantrazole) is a anthroquinone anthrapyrazole antineoplastic agent and analog of mitoxantrone.

Trabectedin (also known as ecteinascidin 743 or ET-743) is an anti-tumor drug.

Amsacrine (synonyms: m-AMSA, acridinyl anisidide) is an antineoplastic agent.

2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME2) is a natural metabolite of estradiol.

Denileukin diftitox (trade name Ontak) is an antineoplastic agent, an engineered protein combining Interleukin-2 and Diphtheria toxin.

Eribulin is an anticancer drug marketed by Eisai Co.

Mitotane, also known as o,p'-DDD (Lysodren), is an antineoplastic medication used in the treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma.

Bexarotene (brand name: Targretin) is an antineoplastic (anti-cancer) agent approved by the U.

Anthramycin is a pyrrolobenzodiazepine antibiotic with antitumor activity.

Etoglucid is a drug used in chemotherapy.

Quisinostat (USAN; development code JNJ-26481585) is an experimental drug candidate for the treatment of cancer.

OSU-03012 (AR-12) is a celecoxib derivative with anticancer and anti-microbial activity.

Kedarcidin is a chromoprotein antitumor antibiotic first isolated from an Actinomycete in 1992, comprising an ansa-bridged enediyne chromophore (shown) as well as an apoprotein that serves to stabilize the toxin in the Actinomycete.

Steganacin is an antileukemic lignan isolated from Steganotaenia araliacea.

Trifluridine/tipiracil (trade name Lonsurf) is a combination drug for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer.

Vapreotide (Sanvar) is a synthetic somatostatin analog.

Masoprocol is an antineoplastic drug used to treat skin growths caused by sun exposure.

Megestrol acetate (MGA) (INN, USAN, BAN, JAN) (brand names Megace, Megace ES), also known as 17α-acetoxy-6-dehydro-6-methylprogesterone, is a steroidal progestin of the 17α-hydroxyprogesterone group that is used in the treatment of breast and endometrial cancer and as an appetite stimulant.

Melengestrol (INN, BAN) is a steroidal progestin and antineoplastic agent which was never marketed.

Melengestrol acetate (INN, USAN), also known as 17α-acetoxy-16-methylene-6-methyl-6-dehydroprogesterone, is a steroidal progestin that is used in veterinary medicine.

Mepitiostane (INN, JAN) (brand name Thioderon), also known as epitiostanol 17-methyloxycyclopentyl ether, is a steroidal antiestrogen, androgen, and anabolic steroid that is used in Japan as an antineoplastic agent in the treatment of breast cancer and is also used in the treatment of anemia of renal failure.

Mitoguazone (also known as methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) or MGBG) is a drug used in chemotherapy.

Nivolumab (nye vol' ue mab), marketed as Opdivo, is a human IgG4 anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody used to treat cancer.

Romidepsin, also known as Istodax, is an anticancer agent used in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) and other peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs).

Tretinoin is the pharmaceutical form of retinoic acid.

Imiquimod (INN) is a prescription medication that acts as an immune response modifier and is used to treat genital warts, superficial basal cell carcinoma, and actinic keratosis.

Resiquimod (R-848) is a drug that acts as an immune response modifier, and has antiviral and antitumour activity.

Ingenol mebutate (ingenol-3-angelate, PEP005, LEO Pharma trade name Picato) is a substance found in the sap of the plant Euphorbia peplus and an inducer of cell death.

Lucanthone is a drug used in chemotherapy.

Lurtotecan is a semi-synthetic analog of camptothecin with antineoplastic activity.

Abexinostat (INN, formerly PCI-24781) is an experimental drug candidate for cancer treatment.

Apaziquone (tentative trade name EOquin) is an indolequinone that is a bioreductive prodrug and a chemical analog of the older chemotherapeutic agent mitomycin C.

Buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) is a sulfoximine which reduces levels of glutathione and is being investigated as an adjunct with chemotherapy in the treatment of cancer.

Efaproxiral (INN) is an analogue of the cholesterol drug bezafibrate developed for the treatment of depression, traumatic brain injury, ischemia, stroke, myocardial infarction, diabetes, hypoxia, sickle cell disease, hypercholesterolemia and as a radio sensitiser.

Methyl aminolevulinate (MAL) is a drug used as a sensitizer in photodynamic therapy.