Genotype: The genetic makeup of an individual.

Phenotype: The physical expression of the genetic makeup.

Alleles: Alternative versions of a gene found at the same locus on homologous chromosomes.

Inheritance: An organism inherits two alleles for each characteristic, one from each parent; these alleles can be the same (homozygous) or different (heterozygous).

Homozygous Genotype: A genotype with identical alleles for a specific locus.

Heterozygous Genotype: A genotype with two different alleles for a specific locus.

Haplotype: A group of alleles that are inherited together from a single parent (the prefix ‘haplo’ means single).

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