Normalization of a database refers to organizing the tables and columns to reduce redundant data and improve overall database performance.

There are three normalization forms:

1NF:

- Each row within a table is unique and identified with a primary key.

- Related data is contained in a separate table.

- None of the columns include repeating groups.

2NF: Only applies to tables that have a composite primary key, where two or more columns make up the full primary key

2NF meets the following criteria:

- It is in 1NF.- Non-primary key attributes are completely dependent on the composite primary key.

3NF: Helps eliminate unnecessary redundancies within a database.

3NF meets the following criteria:

- It is in 2NF. This implies it is also in 1NF.- All columns that aren’t primary keys are only dependent on the primary key.

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