By:Stacy Godfrey, Amy Ladenberger,
Santiago Beltran, Kelly Nelson and Pimsuda
Prathankiat
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES: RFID
Objectives
 Obtain general knowledge of RFID
 Recognize types and components of RFID
 Understand various applications
 Discuss companies use of RFID in case studies
 Determine why RFID is important to
managers and the future
 Realize the benefits and limitations of RFID
technologies
2
What is RFID??
 Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)—describes
technologies that use radio waves to
automatically identify people or objects.
 RFID tags can be applied to or incorporated into
a product, animal, or person, for the purpose of
identification using radio waves.
RFID Journal. http://www.rfidjournal.com/faq/16/49 Viewed March 30, 2008
3
Parts to the RFID System
 There are three parts to a RFID system:
1. Antenna
 Provides a means of communication and energy to communicate with
RFID tag
 RFID tag passes through field of the antenna and the RFID tag detects
the activation signal from the antenna causing the RFID tag to
transmit the information on the microchip to the transceiver.
 Permanently affixed to a surface or handheld
2. Transceiver
 Has a decoder to interpret the data
3. RFID Tag (Transporter)
 Programmed with information
“How RFID Works,” http://www.technology.com/ct/Technology-Article.asp?ArtNum=2 Viewed March 31, 2008
4
RFID vs. Bar Codes
 How is RFID different from Bar Codes?
 Tag does not need to be on the surface of the object because they do




not need a direct line of sight, tags can be embedded or hidden.
Tags are applicable in harsh environments, such as outdoors, around
chemicals, moisture and high temperatures.
RFID tags can be read at a rate of forty or more tags per second; Bar
Codes usually take half a second or more per bar code.
RFID tags can be read at distances up to 300 feet; Bar Codes no more
than 15 feet.
RFID Tags can be re-programmed; Bar Codes do not have the
read/write capability
“Advantages of RFID Versus Barcodes,” http://www.technovelgy.com/ct/Technology-Article.asp?ArtNum=60 Viewed March 31, 2008
Hont, Susy d. “The Cutting Edge of RFID Technology and Applications for Manufacturing and Distribution,”
www.ti.com/rfid/docs/manuals/whtPapers/manuf_dist.pdf Viewed March 15, 2008
5
RFID vs. Bar Codes
Manual Process
Bar Code
RFID
Data Accuracy
Least Accurate
Most Accurate
More Accurate
Data Collection Time/Labor
Most Time/Labor
Some Time/Labor
Least Time/Labor
Data Input Time/Labor
Most Time/Labor
Some Time/Labor
Least Time/Labor
Equipment Costs (tags,
readers/scanners)
N/A
Some
More
Ability to Track Assets Out of
Line of Sight
No
No
Yes
Amount of Data Storage on
Tag
N/A
Less
More
Ability to Exchange
Information Two Ways
No
No
Yes
Ability to Reprogram Tags
N/A
No
Yes
“How RFID Technology Can Enhance your Asset Management Program” www.infor.com-80-content-whitepapersrfideam.pdf-?ok=yes.pdf, viewed March 13, 2008.
6
How RFID Works
“How RFID Works,” http://www.aeanet.org/GovernmentAffairs/gais_HowRFID_Works.asp
7
History
 1940-1950
 First work exploring RFID by Harry Stockman
 Followed advances in radio & radar
 1950-1960
 Era of exploration, laboratory experiments
 1960-1970
 First and most widespread commercial use
 Electronic article surveillance, Sensormatic
 1970-1980
 Explosion of RFID development work
 Animal and vehicle tracking, factory automation
Landt, Jeremy. “Shrouds of Time: The History of RFID” The Association for Automatic Identification and Data Capture
Technologies. Ver 1, 2001, pp1-11.
8
History
 1980-1990
 Commercial implementation enters mainstream
 Transportation, personnel access, & animals
 1990-2000
 Emergence of Standards
 Becomes part of everyday life
 Electronic highway tolling system
 2000 Exciting times await in the advancement of RFID
Landt, Jeremy. “Shrouds of Time: The History of RFID” The Association for Automatic Identification and Data
Capture Technologies. Ver 1, 2001, pp1-11.
9
Passive Tags
Have no internal power supply,
Power supplied by the reader
Cost
Size
Less Expensive--Few
Cent to a Few Dollars
Smaller
Power
Reader
Maintenance
None
Read Distance
A few feet
Life
Up to 20 years
Memory
Around 16K
“How RFID Technology Can Enhance your Asset Management Program” www.infor.com-80-content-whitepapers-rfideam.pdf-?ok=yes.pdf,
viewed March 13, 2008.
10
Active Tags
Have their own internal power source,
Can have a replaceable battery
Cost
Size
More expensive--often
$20 or more
Larger
Power
Provided by Battery
Maintenance
Replacement Required
Read Distance
Up to 100s of feet
Life
Depends on battery life
Memory
As high as 512K
“How RFID Technology Can Enhance your Asset Management Program” www.infor.com-80-content-whitepapers-rfideam.pdf-?ok=yes.pdf,
viewed March 13, 2008.
11
Frequencies
 Low Frequency (LF)
 125 KHz or 134KHz
 Shorter read-range and read-
rate
 Less sensitive to interference
 High Frequency (HF)
 13.56 MHz
 Greater read-range & higher
read-speed than LF
 Ultra-High Frequency
(UHF)




860 to 930 MHz
Same cost as HF
Faster Data Transfer
Limited read ability
 Microwave




2.45GHz or 5.8GHz
Highest data read speed
Most expensive
Limited read range (3ft)
ScanSource. “RFID Frequencies.” www.scansource.com/Europe/upload/RFID_Frequencies.pdf, viewed March 13, 2008.
12
Tag Attachments
 Embedded
 Usually aimed for permanent or long-term
implantation, such as animal traceability
 Attached
 Designed to be attached on the surface of identified
objects with permanent, semi-permanent or
temporary attachment means
 Injected
 Designed to have little contact or no contact with
identified objects and can be easily removed
 Digested
 Eastman Kodak has filed two patent applications for monitoring
ingestion of medicine
http://www.rfid-asia.info/2006/12/rfid-tag-attachments.htm, viewed March 13, 2008.
13
Types of Readers
 Agile
 An agile reader is one that can read tags operating at
different frequencies or using different methods of
communication between the tags and readers.
 Intelligent
 has the ability not just to run different protocols, but
also to filter data and even run applications
 Dumb
 a simple device that might read only one type of tag
using one frequency and one protocol
RFID Journal. http://www.rfidjournal.com/faq/19/75, views March 13, 2008.
RFID Journal. http://www.rfidjournal.com/faq/19/76, viewed March 13, 2008.
14
Access control and
identification
 Cards for access to secure areas.
Not only verifies identity but
checks if certain requirements
to enter have been met.
 Wristbands to provide access to
unattended buildings.
 Wristbands at hotels and resorts
acting as a key and as coupons
to access services
Shepard, Steven, Radio Frequency Identification, McGraw Hill, New York, 2005.
http://industrial-ebooks.com/EBOOK/RFIDCaseStudyBookBin95.pdf, viewed March 25, 2008
15
Tracking people and objects
 Children in theme parks
 Protection of expensive objects
 Cemeteries and morgues.
 Personnel activities inside a facility
 Inmates identification and tracking
Srivastava, Lara, “Radio Frequency Identification: ubiquity for humanity”, Info: The Journal of policy, regulation and strategy
for .Telecommunications, information, and media, Vol. 9, Iss. 1, pp 4-14
16
Ticketing
 Trains, subways, buses,
concerts, amusement
parks, fitness facilities, ski
resorts.
 Reduces counterfeit
 RFID tickets used in the
Soccer World Cup in
Germany in 2006. 4.8
millions Tickets sold with
no counterfeiting
problems.
 The Beijing Olympics in
2008 will have RFID tickets.
Shepard, Steven, Radio Frequency Identification, McGraw Hill, New York, 2005.
http://industrial-ebooks.com/EBOOK/RFIDCaseStudyBookBin95.pdf, viewed March 25, 2008
17
Sports and Health
 Racecar tracking
 “ChampionChip” for time tracking
 Ski Lifts hands free access
 Golf balls
Srivastava, Lara, “Radio Frequency Identification: ubiquity for humanity”, Info: The Journal of policy, regulation and strategy for .
Telecommunications, information, and media, Vol. 9, Iss. 1, pp 4-14
18
Libraries
 From barcodes to RFID




tags.
Faster and automatic
checkout and return.
Faster inventory
process.
Reduces workplace
injuries.
No more security strips
for books.
Singh, J., Brar N., and Fong C., “The state of RFID Applications in libraries”, Information technology and libraries, Vol. 25, Iss. 1, pp 24-33
19
Production Line Control and
Monitoring
 Car Body Production:
Flow of information
along the assembly line
for process verification.
 Identify vehicles through
assembly line prior to the
execution of a given
assembly task.
Shepard, Steven, Radio Frequency Identification, McGraw Hill, New York, 2005.
http://industrial-ebooks.com/EBOOK/RFIDCaseStudyBookBin95.pdf, viewed March 25, 2008
Smith, Alan, “Exploring Radio Frequency identification technology and its impacts on business systems”, Information management &
Computer security, Vol. 13, Iss. 1, 2005, pp. 16-25
20
Production Line Control and
Monitoring
 Parts replenishment in
work stations.
 Real time progress of
production process.
Shepard, Steven, Radio Frequency Identification, McGraw Hill, New York, 2005.
http://industrial-ebooks.com/EBOOK/RFIDCaseStudyBookBin95.pdf, viewed March 25, 2008
Smith, Alan, “Exploring Radio Frequency identification technology and its impacts on business systems”, Information management &
Computer security, Vol. 13, Iss. 1, 2005, pp. 16-25
Distribution and
transportation
 Receiving and check-in
 Put away and replenishment
 Order Filling
 Shipping
 Product and asset tracking
Angeles, Rebecca, “RFID technologies: Supply-Chain applications and implementation issues”, Information Systems Management,
Vol.22, Iss. 1, 2005, pp 51-66
22
Vehicle Identification
 Fleet management
 Access to parking lots
 Railway industry
 Electronic toll collection
 Lift truck and guided
vehicle identification
 Gasoline dispensing
Smith, Alan, “Exploring Radio Frequency identification technology and its impacts on business systems”, Information management &
Computer security, Vol. 13, Iss. 1, 2005, pp. 16-25
23
Ports
 Container security
 Container
identification and
location
 Activity tracking
 Yard Management
www.aimglobal.org/technologies/rfid/resources/PortTech.pdf, viewed April 6, 2008
www.speakingeye.com/index.php?lay=show&ac=article&Id=401359&Ntype=2, viewed April 6,
2008.
24
Baggage handling
 Replace bar code stick labels
with RFID inlay stick labels.
 Many tags can be read at
one time.
 Read-write capability is used
to record information along
the way as the bag makes its
way through the handling
system.
Shepard, Steven, Radio Frequency Identification, McGraw Hill, New York, 2005.
http://industrial-ebooks.com/EBOOK/RFIDCaseStudyBookBin95.pdf, viewed March 25, 2008
25
Health Care and pharmaceutical
industry
 Surgical equipment
 Drug Pedigree
 Blood banks
 Patient tracking
Li S., Visich J., Khumawala B., and Zhang C., “RFID technology: applications, technical challenges and strategies”, Sensor Review,
Vol.26, Iss. 3, 2006, pp 193-205
http://industrial-ebooks.com/EBOOK/RFIDCaseStudyBookBin95.pdf, viewed March 25, 2008
26
Animal Identification
 Livestock tracking
 Data critical for the
safety of food supply
 Can also be used on
pets.
 Ear tags, injectable
tags, RFID tattoos
Shepard, Steven, Radio Frequency Identification, McGraw Hill, New York, 2005.
http://industrial-ebooks.com/EBOOK/RFIDCaseStudyBookBin95.pdf, viewed March 25, 2008
27
Animal Identification –
Somark Innovations
 ID system based on ink tattoos with chipless
RFID functionality.
 Each tattoo has a different pattern that
translates into a number when scanned.
 3 patents and 14 pending patents
 More than a hundred potential clients in several
countries.
www.somarkinnovations.com, viewed March 24, 2008
28
Other Applications
 Shopping
 Contactless payment
 Contactless checkout
 Museums and art
galleries
Wyld, David, “RFID 101: The next thing for management”, Management Research News, Vol. 29, Iss. 4, pp 154
Srivastava, Lara, “Radio Frequency Identification: ubiquity for humanity”, Info: The Journal of policy, regulation and strategy for .
Telecommunications, information, and media, Vol. 9, Iss. 1, pp 4-14
29
Case Studies
 Wal-Mart
 Healthcare Service Industry in Taiwan
 RFID-based Sushi Management
 Kaufhof Department Stores and Gerry Weber
International
 Florida State University Filing System
30
Wal-Mart
 1,900,000 employees, $344.0 billion in revenue
 1,000 Discount Stores, 2,300 Supercenters nationwide
 RFID Compliance Mandate (2003) has economic strategic




implications
600 Suppliers are currently RFID-enabled
Goal: Drive sales of suppliers by keeping product on shelf for
consumers to buy
RFID Trial shows cut product stock-outs by 30%
RFID Trial shows 62% increase in efficiency
Songini, Marc L., “Procter & Gamble: Wal-Mart RFID Effort Effective” Computerworld, Feb 26, 2007, p 14.
NYJobSource.com, viewed 03/31/08
31
Wal-Mart Case Study
8 Test Stores
8 Control Stores
May-October 2007
May-October 2007
Chosen from 1000 RFID-enabled
stores
No RFID capabilities
98% of items tagged (At Case level)
No tags
Auto PI system (Perpetual Inventory-
No PI system (Manual count)
goods on-hand, count is usually
inaccurate due to over or
underestimates)
Outcome
PI inaccuracy decline by 13%
Decrease in manual adjustments form
3.4 to 2.0 per week
Decrease cost and increase efficiency
xfgd
Average 65% wrong in inventory
accuracy
Hardgrave, B. “Does RFID Improve Inventory Accuracy? A Preliminary Analysis” University of Arkansas, Information
Technology Research Institute, March 2008.
32
Healthcare in Taiwan
 5 Hospitals, all early adopters
 Reasons for Adoption




Track paths of infection
Improve treatment quality and pt satisfaction
Track patients and workers and hospital waste
Redesign of hospital SOP to increase patient safety
 Outcomes
 Drastic changes in business processes and organization personnel
 Assessment of applications from both strategic and operational
viewpoints-strategic
systems improve customer service, operational system
improve efficiency of process
 Best Practices
 Consider stakeholders outside organization boundaries
 Refine operational processes
 Integrate new technology into existing business systems
 Extend business boundaries and scope
Tzeng, S., Chen, W., and Pai, F. “Evaluating the business value of RFID: Evidence from five case studies” Int. J. Production
Economics, June 2007, pp 601-613.
33
Commonalities of RFID Applications
Taipei
Medical
University
Hospital
Taipei
Municipal
Wan Fang
Hospital
En Chu King
Hospital
Show
Chawn
Memorial
Hospital
Koo
Foundation
Sun Yat-Sen
Cancer Center
Hospital Size
$500 million
budget to
increase
efficiency
740 sick beds
total
Regional
Teaching
Hospital with
501 beds
Regional
Hospital with
717 beds
352 beds,
ambulatory, inpatient, and daycare units
Project
Location-based
service
RFID system for
ER patients
observation/
Passive tags
RFID intelligent
healthcare
platform/
Active and
passive tags
Intelligent
digital health
network/
Active tags
Specialized
healthcare system
Reasons for
Adoption
Track paths of
infection
sources
Improve
treatment
quality and
patient
satisfaction
Help hospital
redesign SOP
to provide
protection for
patients
Monitor
patient T,
access
control of
workers,
waste
Track spread of
infection and
prevent outbreaks
Date of
Adoption
10/2003
01/2004
01/2004
10/2003
10/2003
Implementation
Corporate with
NTU
In House
Corporate with
HP
Outsource
Outsource
Outcome
Success
Some success:
Low usage in
ER
Some success:
no wireless use
in surgery room
Success
Success
Tzeng et al. “Evaluating the business value of RFID: Evidence from five case studies” Int. J. Production Economics, June 2007, p 605.
34
RFID-Based Sushi Management
 Blue C Sushi: small chain of restaurants in Seattle deliver
food to customers along conveyor belt; $1,750,000 annual revenue
 Reason for Adoption
 Concerns for the quality and safety of food
 Understand consumer buying habits
 Implementation: Microsoft Server technology combined with RFID
tags and scanners to monitor time and contents of plates while
tracking consumer purchases
 Outcome
 Improved customer service
 Immediate replenishment of food
 Simplified billing procedure and improved efficiency
Ngai, E., Suk, F., Lo, S. “Development of an RFID-based sushi management system: The case of a
conveyor-belt sushi restaurant” Int. J. Production Economics, February 2006, pp 630-645.
“Sushi Restaurant Enhances Quality Control, Customer Service with RFID” Microsoft BizTalk Server
Customer Solution Case Study.
35
RFID in Fashion Industry
 5-month joint project Jul-Nov/2003 between retailer (Kaufhof
Department Stores-134 stores, €3.8 billion in sales) and supplier (Gerry Weber
International- 1,700 employees, €400 million in sales)
 Reason for Adoption:



Styles, price, packaging, shelf life (fashion)
Multi-tiered supply chain (Manufacturer, Distributors, Retailers)
Anti-theft systems
 Outcome: beneficial for both retailer and supplier exceeding RFID costs

Savings in time and labor costs (10 times faster in quality control, 4 times faster management of
inventory)




Allowed for partners to try new services with supply chain partners and consumers
As of 2006, 70% use at palette-level
Increased data quality
New possibilities in service offerings
 Lessons learned



RFID is extremely reliable and accurate, but may need to be altered at times
Recognizing Management and IT challenges determine success
Competitive advantage gained when RFID data is used
Loebbecke, Claudia, and Palmer, Jonathan W. ”RFID in the Fashion Industry: Kaufhof Department Stores AG and Gerry Weber
International AG, Fashion Manufacturer” MIS Quarterly Executive June 2006 pp 69-79.
36
Florida State University
Filing System
 41,000 students, $193 million in external grants
(2007)
 First educational institution to adopt 3M’s RFID
2-Part Tracking system
 Reason for Adoption:
 Missing files disrupted work
 Approximately 3500 project files and $182,000 in
research grants
 Compliance guidelines existed for federal state grants

System up and running in two days, one for
installation, one for training of staff
 Recovered $25,000 investment in less than
1year
 Cost approximately $233,000 in looking for files
before system was implemented and now is
around $145,000-62% improvement
37
O’Connor, Mary Catherine. “RFID Brings Order to Chaotic Office” RFID Journal June 12, 2006. www.fsu.edu/about, viewed 03/31/08

Other Examples
Major Industries
















Healthcare and Pharmaceuticals
Asset Tracking
Manufacturing and Logistics
Postal and Courier Services
Retail
Military
Air and Passenger Transportation
Agriculture
Inventory Systems (Boeing 787 Dreamliner)
Textile Industry (Griva)
Film materials
Chemical Products Industry (Dow Chemical Company)
Credit Cards and Identification Cards (Visa, Mastercard
PayPass, US Passports)
Lost Pets
Burial/Identification of the dead
Cattle Tracking and Identification (Somark’s RFID Ink,
Canadian Cattle Identification Agency)
www.PFFC-ONLINE.com.
Bevan, James M. “Paper, Film and Foil Converter” RFID Labels. Vol 82, Issue 8. pp 33-35.,
38
Why general managers should
care about RFID
 Improved productivity and Cost Avoidance
Checkout becomes a faster process as stacks of books can be checked out
with one scan of a reader without opening or handling the books.
 Decrease cycle time and Taking costs out.
Unlike traditional barcode scanning, RFID is not a serial process, so the
business can perform identical tasks more quickly.
RFID Business Benefit. http://www.rfidc.com/docs/introductiontorfid_business.htm, view 03/20/08
39
Why general managers should care
about RFID
 Reduce Rework
As RFID scanning has a greater first time pass
accuracy this reduces the number of errors that are
generated and retries needed.
 Reduce business risk and
control of assets
RFID tagging enables better audit and asset control.
The ability to track and trace items better means
assets can be located more easily. Regulatory
compliance can be achieved more effectively. RFID
Business Benefit
RFID Business Benefit.
http://www.rfidc.com/docs/introductiontorfid_business.htm, last viewed 03/20/08.
40
Why general managers should care about
RFID

Improved utilization of 
resource
Information obtained by RFID
scanning can be used to improve
planning. Processes can be improved,
time can be saved, assets can be
utilized better.
Increase revenues
By eliminating uncertainty
companies will suffer less “out
of stock” situations and obtain
greater item availability,
reducing lost sales and
increasing choice leading to
more sales.
RFID Business Benefit
http://www.rfidc.com/docs/introductiontorfid_business.html, viewed 03/20/08.
41
Why general managers should care
about RFID
 Exception management
The contribution information captured by RFID offers
to IT applications will allow managers in companies
to be alerted when compensatory business decisions
need to be taken.
RFID Business Benefit http://www.rfidc.com/docs/introductiontorfid_business.htm,
Viewed 03/20/08.
42
Problems with RFID
Technical problem with RFID
 Problem with RFID standard.
RFID has been used in different ways by different
manufacturers. The frequencies used for RFID in the USA are
currently incompatible with those of Europe or Japan. This can cause
problems for companies.
Moreover, consumer have problems with RFID standard. For
example, Exxon Mobil’s SpeedPass system is a proprietary RFID
system; if another company wanted to use the convenient
SpeedPass, they have to pay to access it. If every company had their
own SpeedPass system, a consumer would need to carry many
different devices with them.
Problems with RFID. http://www.technovelgy.com/ct/Technology-Article.asp?ArtNum=20, viewed 3/26/2008.
43
Problems with RFID
 RFID systems can be easily disrupted
Since RFID systems make use of the electromagnetic
spectrum, they are relatively easy to jam using energy at
the right frequency. This problem could be disastrous in
business where RFID is increasingly used, like hospitals or
in the military in the field.
Problems with RFID.
http://www.technovelgy.com/ct/Technology-Article.asp?ArtNum=20, viewed 3/26/2008.
44
Problems with RFID
 RFID reader collision
Reader collision occurs when the signals from two or
more reader overlap. The tag is unable to respond to
simultaneous queries.
 RFID tag collision
tag collision occurs when many tags are present in a
small area; but since the read time is very fast, it is easier
for vendors to develop systems that ensure that tags
respond one at a time.
Problems with RFID. http://www.technovelgy.com/ct/Technology-Article.asp?ArtNum=20, viewed 3/26/2008.
45
Problems with RFID
 Cancer risk
Veterinary and toxicology studies spanning the last ten years
surfaced indicating that RFID chips induced malignant
tumors in laboratory animals. However, there are some
controversies. VeriChip Corp. maintains that the chips are
completely safe and that they were unaware of the studies.
Radio-frequency identification. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RFID, viewed 3/26/2008.
Logo of the anti-RFID campaign by
German privacy group FoeBuD
46
Problems with RFID
Security and privacy
problems with RFID
 Loss of privacy
How would you like it if, one day your realized your underwear was reporting
on your whereabouts?
 Tag can be read at a distance, it become possible to gather sensitive data
about individual without consent. For example, an RFID tag can be read
after the item leaves the supply chain, this allows anyone to see the
contents of your purse as pocket as you walk down the street.
Problems with RFID. http://www.technovelgy.com/ct/Technology-Article.asp?ArtNum=20, viewed 3/26/2008.
47
Security and privacy
problems with RFID
 RFID tags with unique serial numbers could be
linked to an individual credit card number.
 At present, each individual item has its own number. When the
item is scanned for purchase and is paid for, the RFID tag number
for a particular item can be associated with a credit card number.
Problems with RFID. http://www technovelgy.com/ct/Technology-Article.asp?Atrium=20, viewed 3/26/2008.
48
Future of RFID
 RFID will replace
barcode.
RFID is a great tool for the
supply chain and companies
wishing to better track their
products and inventory. As a
result, it will definitely become
a requirement for all suppliers
to use RFID tags when the tag
become affordable.
 RFID’s price will
reduces
With mass production, their
price eventually reduces to
perhaps a cent.
RFID gets smaller and edible….and bigger.
http://future.fifth.org/rfid/index.html, viewed 03/26/08.
49
Future of RFID
 RFID chips are no bigger than grains of sand.
Future of RFID. http://future.fifth.org/rfid/index.html, viewed 03/26/08.
50
Future of RFID
 Every item in house
will eventually come
from the store with a
tiny, almost invisible
Example.
RFID tag attached.
Medical alert bracelet : It's a Medical
Alert Bracelet which keeps the person
wearing it informed about their online
medical history and gets in touch with
assistance in case of any emergency.
http://www.rfid-weblog.com, viewed 03/31/08.
51
Future of RFID
 Every item in
house will
eventually come
from the store
with a tiny, almost
invisible RFID tag
attached.
Example.
Lady Bag : it uses RFID tags to keep a track on items
inside it and icons pertaining to missing items appear
on the LED screen on the outside of the bag. It even
gives a hint of our emotional side with emoticons
displaying whether you are happy, sad, angry or
http://www.rfid-weblog.com, viewed 03/31/08.
nervous.
52
Future of RFID
 Most of the retailers and
restaurants will use RFID to
track condition of goods.
Ex. Retailers install sensors with RFID tags in
order to monitor food temperature during
foods’ shipment to prevent spoilage or The
store can identify individual foods that are
going to spoil.
Pintokona which is a restaurant in Japan is
putting RFID technology to use in order to
ensure that only the most fresh fish is served
to its esteemed customers.
RFID: Radio Frequency identification a look into the future
http://www.ils.unc.edu/~cbarthol/inls187/Future%20Forecast/futureforecast.htm
viewed 03/26/08.
53
The RFID software, hardware and services
market size in 2010 ( Worldwide)
NorthAmerica is expected to have a market share of $2.7 billion, compared to $2.0 billion for EMEA and a
combined share of $1.4 billion fromAsia Pacific and the rest of the world making up the remainder of the
total RFID market in 2010.
NorthAmericatolead RFIDmarket:http://www.rfid-weblog.com/archives/north_america_to_lead_rfid_market.html,viewed April10 ,2008
54
History of RFID spending and expectation
$26 Billion RFID Industry by 2015:http://www.rfid-weblog.com/50226711/26_billion_rfid_industry_by_2015.php, viewed April 10
2008
RFID market to reach $7.26Bn in 2008 New RFID Market Analysis: http://www.idtechex.com/products/en/articles/00000169.asp ,
view April 10,2008
American barcode and RFID q&A: http://www.abrfid.com/rfid/articles/questions-answers.aspx, viewed April 10,2008
55
Future of RFID
 Public perception
Of RFID
RFID would probably seem less
alien and intrusive since RFID Tags
were tailored to different
functions and industries.
Two data-points suggest that RFID
may undergo from Renaissance to
contemporary biological
metaphors in the next few years.
I.
II.
Hitachi has announced development of
what it's calling "RFID powder," RFID tags
"measuring 0.05 x 0.05 mm" and 5 microns
thick, "which they aim to begin marketing in
2 to 3 years
The second data-point is a patent filing by
Kodak for an edible-- and more important,
digestible-- RFID tag. (The patent describes
it as a "System to monitor the ingestion of
medicines")
RFID gets smaller and edible….and bigger
http://future.fifth.org/rfid/index.html, viewed 03/26/08.
56
Questions???
57
References

Angeles, Rebecca, “RFID technologies: Supply-Chain applications and implementation issues”, Information
Systems Management, Vol.22, Iss. 1, 2005, pp 51-66

Bevan, James M. “Paper, Film and Foil Converter” RFID Labels. Vol 82, Issue 8. pp 33-35.

Hardgrave, B. “Does RFID Improve Inventory Accuracy? A Preliminary Analysis” University of Arkansas,
Information Technology Research Institute, March 2008.

“How RFID Technology Can Enhance your Asset Management Program” www.infor.com-80-content-whitepapersrfideam.pdf-?ok=yes.pdf, viewed March 13, 2008.

http://industrial-ebooks.com/EBOOK/RFIDCaseStudyBookBin95.pdf, viewed March 25, 2008

Landt, Jeremy. “Shrouds of Time: The History of RFID” The Association for Automatic Identification and Data
Capture Technologies. Ver 1, 2001, pp1-11.

Li S., Visich J., Khumawala B., and Zhang C., “RFID technology: applications, technical challenges and strategies”,
Sensor Review, Vol.26, Iss. 3, 2006, pp 193-205

Loebbecke, Claudia, and Palmer, Jonathan W. ”RFID in the Fashion Industry: Kaufhof Department Stores AG and
Gerry Weber International AG, Fashion Manufacturer” MIS Quarterly Executive June 2006 pp 69-79.

Ngai, E., Suk, F., Lo, S. “Development of an RFID-based sushi management system: The case of a conveyor-belt
sushi restaurant” Int. J. Production Economics, February 2006, pp 630-645.

O’Connor, Mary Catherine. “RFID Brings Order to Chaotic Office” RFID Journal June 12, 2006.

RFID Journal. http://www.rfidjournal.com/faq/19/75, views March 13, 2008.

RFID Journal. http://www.rfidjournal.com/faq/19/76, viewed March 13, 2008.

ScanSource. “RFID Frequencies.” www.scansource.com/Europe/upload/RFID_Frequencies.pdf, viewed March 13,
2008.
58
References

Shepard, Steven, Radio Frequency Identification, McGraw Hill, New York, 2005.

Singh, J., Brar N., and Fong C., “The state of RFID Applications in libraries”, Information technology and libraries,
Vol. 25, Iss. 1, pp 24-33

Smith, Alan, “Exploring Radio Frequency identification technology and its impacts on business systems”,
Information management & Computer security, Vol. 13, Iss. 1, 2005, pp. 16-25

Songini, Marc L., “Procter & Gamble: Wal-Mart RFID Effort Effective” Computerworld, Feb 26, 2007, p 14.

Srivastava, Lara, “Radio Frequency Identification: ubiquity for humanity”, Info: The Journal of policy, regulation and
strategy for .Telecommunications, information, and media, Vol. 9, Iss. 1, pp 4-14

“Sushi Restaurant Enhances Quality Control, Customer Service with RFID” Microsoft BizTalk Server Customer
Solution Case Study

Tzeng, S., Chen, W., and Pai, F. “Evaluating the business value of RFID: Evidence from five case studies” Int. J.
Production Economics, June 2007, pp 601-613.

www.aimglobal.org/technologies/rfid/resources/PortTech.pdf, viewed April 6, 2008.

www.fsu.edu/about, viewed 03/31/08.

www.NYJobSource.com, viewed 03/31/08.

www.PFFC-ONLINE.com, viewed 03/31/08.

www.rfid-asia.info/2006/12/rfid-tag-attachments.htm, viewed March 13, 2008.

www.somarkinnovations.com, viewed March 24, 2008

Wyld, David, “RFID 101: The next thing for management”, Management Research News, Vol. 29, Iss. 4, pp 154

RFID Business Benefit. http://www.rfidc.com/docs/introductiontorfid_business.htm, view March 26,2008

Problems with RFID. http://www.technovelgy.com/ct/Technology-Article.asp?ArtNum=20, viewed March 26,2008

Radio-frequency identification. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RFID, viewed March 26,2008

http://www.rfid-weblog.com, viewed March 31,2008
59
References

Future of RFID. http://future.fifth.org/rfid/index.html. ,viewed March 26,2008

RFID: Radio Frequency identification a look into the future
http://www.ils.unc.edu/~cbarthol/inls187/Future%20Forecast/futureforecast.htm viewed 03/26/08. viewed
March 26,2008

RFID gets smaller and edible….and bigger http://future.fifth.org/rfid/index.html. viewed March 26,2008

$26 Billion RFID Industry by 2015:http://www.rfid-weblog.com/50226711/26_billion_rfid_industry_by_2015.php,
viewed April 10 2008

RFID market to reach $7.26Bn in 2008 New RFID Market Analysis:
http://www.idtechex.com/products/en/articles/00000169.asp , view April 10,2008

American barcode and RFID q&A: http://www.abrfid.com/rfid/articles/questions-answers.aspx, viewed April
10,2008

North America to lead RFID market : http://www.rfidweblog.com/archives/north_america_to_lead_rfid_market.html, viewed April 10 , 2008

RFID Journal. http://www.rfidjournal.com/faq/16/49 Viewed March 30, 2008

“How RFID Works,” http://www.technology.com/ct/Technology-Article.asp?ArtNum=2 Viewed March 31, 2008

“Advantages of RFID Versus Barcodes,” http://www.technovelgy.com/ct/Technology-Article.asp?ArtNum=60 Viewed March
31, 2008.

Hont, Susy d. “The Cutting Edge of RFID Technology and Applications for Manufacturing and Distribution,”
www.ti.com/rfid/docs/manuals/whtPapers/manuf_dist.pdf Viewed March 15, 2008.

“How RFID Works,” http://www.aeanet.org/GovernmentAffairs/gais_HowRFID_Works.asp Viewed March 20, 2008.
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