US History
Exploration and
Colonization
Overview
Pequot War
• First Serious armed conflict
between the Native Americans
settlers of New England.
Numerous previous conflicts over
property, damage to Indian fields,
hunting and dishonest trade
dealings.
The Pequot were outgunned, a
smallpox epidemic had also
weakened the tribe.
1637, the Pequot leader Sassacus is
captured, main village destroyed
and the Pequot were finished.
The Causes of European Exploration
• In search of a route to India.
• Bad conditions in Europe:
– Lack of central government
– Famine
– Foreign invaders
– Disease (Bubonic Plague)
Rise of England as an Exploration
power
• The English defeated the Spanish armada,
which was the strongest military in the world.
• England had extremely strong push/pull factor
• Some of the English were in search of religious
tolerance, populating the majority of the New
England colonies.
Main differences of the Spanish,
French and English Colonies
English
French
Spanish
Goal
Gain power
from land
Find the
Northwest
Passage
God, Gold, and
Glory
Relationship
with Indians
Peaceful until
expansion
Good trade and
cross married
Slavery and
social status
Result
U.S.A.
A lot of French
influence in
Canada
(language)
Latin America,
influence in
Central and
South America.
Main Characteristics of the New
England, Middle and Southern
Colonies
• New England colonies: non tolerant and strict. Highly
religious. Relied on fishing and shipbuilding.
• Middle Colonies: breadbasket and trade with other countries.
Most tolerant racially and religiously (Pennsylvania and
Maryland)
• Southern Colonies: in it for the money. Agricultural. Contained
the most slaves.
Bacon’s Rebellion
• Nathaniel Bacon led a group of settlers from Potomac Valley
against both peaceful and hostile Native Americans and later
attacked the town of Jamestown. The cause of Bacon’s
rebellion was that because they lived on the interior, they
were more susceptible to Native American attacks and
transporting goods costs more.
Headright System
• The headright system was a lure of more
colonists by offering free land taken from
Native Americans. Virginia began to expand. It
was used to help expand the colonies.
King Philip’s War
• War between the Puritans of the New England colonies and
Wampanoag tribe from 1675-1676.
• Over 600 colonists and 3,000 Native Americans died.
• Led to the extinction of the Wampanoag tribe.
• The Native Americans lost and Metacom’s, known as King
Philip to the colonists, head was put on display in Plymouth
for years to come
House of Burgesses
• The House of Burgesses was created in 1619,
it was the first representative government of
the colonies.
• The House of Burgesses was built in Virginia.
• Only male landowners over the age of 17 were
allowed to vote.
Joint Stock Company
• A Joint Stock Company is a company whose owners hold
shares in its stock. It was first introduced by Raleigh and used
for the settlement of Jamestown.
• Creation of Joint Stock Companies, such as the Virginia
Company, spreads opportunities for dangerous exploration
and colonization.
Mercantilism
• Mercantilism is the use of colonies as markets
where the mother country benefits most from
the resources.
• Colonies produce resources that the mother
country then turns into manufactured
products to sell back.
Navigation Acts
• Only English ships trade with English colonies.
• Enumerated articles shipped only to England.
• All colonies have to import all European goods
via an English Port
• Opened the door for
smugglers such as John
Hancock
Triangular Trade
• The flow of goods between the New World, England, and
Africa.
• Slaves to work on large plantations came from Africa.
• Natural resources such as lumber, food products, and tobacco
are sent from the New World to England.
• Tea, rum, and other manufactured goods are some imports
that were traded from England to the New World.
Salutary Neglect
• Salutary Neglect was local self rule in
exchange for colonial cooperation.
• Salutary Neglect led to the colonies growing
more independent.
• Led to the American
revolution
Great Awakening
• The Great Awakening was a religious revival.
• Led by evangelical Protestant Ministers, who
created a huge interest in religion.
• Gave people a sense of conviction and
redemption.
Puritans and Separatists
• Both Puritans and Separatists lived in the New
England Colonies.
• The Puritans wanted to change the English
Church and the Separatists thought that it was
too similar to the Catholic Church.
Mayflower Compact
• The Mayflower Compact was the first
governing document of the colonies.
• It was written by the Pilgrims to ensure
stability amongst the settlement.
• Signed on November 11, 1620.