Agenda
Vocabulary Words
RNA
Codon
Anticodon
Amino Acid
Intron
Polypeptide
Exon
Transcription
Uracil
Translation
Gene
Messenger RNA
Ribosome
Transfer RNA
Enzyme
Ribosomal RNA
RNA
A monomer of RNA is made up of nucleotides.
Nucleotides have 3 parts:
1. Simple Sugar
Ribose
2. Phosphate
1 phosphorus atom surrounded by 4 oxygen atoms
3. Nitrogenous Base
4 bases: Adenine (A), Guanine (G)
Cytosine (C), Uracil (U)
RNA
RNA is a nucleotide like DNA, but
differs in structure 3 ways:
1. Single Stranded
2. Simple Sugar is Ribose
3. RNA contains Uracil (U)
instead of Thymine (T)
RNA
3 Types of RNA:
1. Messenger RNA
(mRNA)
2. Ribosomal RNA
(rRNA)
3. Transfer RNA
(tRNA)
Why do we
Need DNA?
DNA carries the instructions for making proteins.
DNA cannot leave the nucleus, but the instructions
must be sent to the ribosome's in the cytoplasm.
Why
DNA?
During transcription DNA is transcribed (copied) into
messenger RNA (mRNA)
mRNA carries the instructions out of the nucleus to
the ribosomes.
Transcri
ption
Transcription takes place
in the nucleus.
Enzymes make an mRNA
copy of a portion of a
DNA strand.
Transcription results in a
single strand of mRNA.
Transcri
ption
DNA contains non-coding nucleotide sequences
called introns.
*These do not carry instructions (or code) for making
proteins
Nucleotide sequences that contain coding information
are called exons.
* These parts are expressed
Coding
Sequences
DNA: A-T-C-A-A-G-C-G-T-A-G-A-T-A
RNA: U- A- G- U- U- C- G- C- A- U- C- U- A- U
DNA: T-C-G-A-C-A-A-T-G-G-C-A-T-C
RNA: A-G-C-U-G-U-U-A-C-C-G-U-A-G
Agenda
Translation Notes
Start mRNA model
Worksheet
Prelab
Warm-Up
The process of making a strand mRNA form a portion of
DNA is called?
This process takes place where in the cell?
Answer in complete sentences!
Translati
mRNA to
Protein
Once the mRNA is transcribed it can leave the nucleus and
acts as a genetic message that contains all the information to
build a protein.
Proteins are made up of amino acids.
There are 20 amino acids. These are coded for by the 4 bases.
A code is needed to translate mRNA to proteins
Translati
mRNA to
Protein
Translation is converting the information from
mRNA to a sequence of amino acids to a
protein
Translation takes place at the ribosomes
Translati
mRNA to
Protein
Three nitrogenous bases in mRNA code for one amino acid.
Each three letter “word” is called a codon.
There are 64 possible combinations from the 4 bases!
Ex: Glycine (aa) can have the codons:
GGU, GGC, GGA, or GGG
However GGG can only code for Glycine
More than one codon can code for the same
amino acid.
For any codon there is only one amino acid.
All organism use the same code…Universal
Translatio
mRNA to
Protein
A transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule, carrying an amino
acid, must join with the correct codon on the mRNA
molecule.
The amino acids link together to form a polypeptide
chain of the protein.
The tRNA has a sequence of three nucleotides called
the anticodon, because they bind to the codon of the
mRNA
his
thr
G U A
U G C
A
C
Stop
G
C
A
A C U
U
U
G
A
Agenda
DNA Lab
Lab Report
Warm-Up
During translation, a mRNA codon is matched with:
A. The anticodon of rRNA molecule that carries 3
amino acids
B. The anticodon of tRNA molecule that carries 3
amino acids
C.The anticodon of tRNA molecule that carries 1
amino acids
Book Assignment!
Copy the question. Answer in complete sentences
or copy all answer choices!
Page Understanding Key Ideas
# 2, 3, 6
Page Understanding Concepts
# 1, 3, 4
Page Section 1 Review
# 1, 2, 3, 4, 6
Essay: Two page typed research paper on DNA.
Include information on the discovery of the
molecule and its structure and how DNA is used
in forensic science.
Agenda
Packets Due
Take Quiz
Return last week’s quiz
Turn in RNA worksheet and model
Finish protein synthesis pamphlet