Function
Lip (Labial) Muscles
Pucker
Orbicularis oris, Incisivus labii
Lateralize
Buccinator, Risorius
Angle up (smile)
Zygomatic, Levator anguli oris
Upper lip
Levator labii, Depressor anguli oris
Lower lip
Depressor labii, Mentalis, Levator anguli oris
Function
Tongue (Lingual) Muscles
Shorten
Longitudinal (superior, inferior)
Tip up/down
Superior longitudinal/Inferior longitudinal
Narrow/flatten
Transverse/Vertical
Move forward
Genioglossus*
Move back
Genioglossus, Styloglossus*, Hyoglossus*
Move up
Styloglossus, Palatoglossus*
Move down
Genioglossus, Hyoglossus
*Know what structures they connect
Function
Soft Palate (Velum)
Lower
Tensor veli palatini*, Palatoglossus
Raise
Levator veli palatini*, Musculus uvulae*
•
•
•
•
Lips
Teeth
Tongue
Palate
• Hard
• Soft
• Mandible
Zemlin, pg 227.
• Only moveable bone
in the face
• Connects to the
temporal bone via
temporomandibular
joint (connected via
temporomandibular
ligament)
http://www.mdguidelines.com/temporomandibular-joint-syndrome
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Digastricus
• Digastricus
• Connect temporal bone (mastoid process) and mandible
• Mylohyoid &Geniohyoid
• Connect jaw and hyoid
• Contraction: raise hyoid, depress jaw
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Digastricus.png
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mylohyoid_muscle.PNG
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Digastricus
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mylohyoid_muscle.PNG
• External (Lateral)
Pterygoid
• Connect pterygoid and jaw
• Contraction: protrudes jaw
http://www.drjimboyd.com/Masticatory_Musculature04.html
• Masseter
• Internal (Medial) Pterygoid
• Connects zygomatic arch and jaw
• Connects pterygoid and jaw
• Temporalis
• Connects temporal bone and jaw
• Also used in jaw retraction
http://www.drjimboyd.com/Masticatory_Musculature04.html
http://www.mdguidelines.com/temporomandibular-joint-syndrome
http://doctorspiller.com/Occlusion/pterygoids.htm
Function
Mandible (Jaw) Muscles
Lower
Diagastricus, Mylohyoid, Geniohyoid
Raise
Masseter, Temporalis, Internal pterygoid
Protrude
External Pterygoid
Retract
Temporalis
• B/P
• T/D
• Bring lips together
• Elevate tongue tip
• Lower jaw
• Pull lower lip down
• Lower tongue tip
http://www.uiowa.edu/~acadtech/phonetics/#
• K/G
• Th
• Raise back of tongue
• Move tongue forward
• Lower back of tongue
• Move tongue back
http://www.uiowa.edu/~acadtech/phonetics/#
• Not only affected by the length of the vocal tract, but
also by vocal tract shape
• Many vowel sounds in English
• Corner vowels: the most extreme differences in tongue
placement
http://www.ijporlonline.com/article/S0165-5876%2898%2900162-1/abstract
• F1: pharynx
• F2: oral cavity
Titze, I.R. (2000). Principles of Voice Production.
• Mostly composed of cartilage
• Septum: divides the two halves
of the nose internally
• Composed of cartilage and bone
• Upper third = bone
• Lower two-thirds = cartilage
http://www.lasinus.com/nasal_anatomy.php
http://www.uofmchildrenshospital.org/healthlibrary/Article/89973
• When the soft palate is lowered
(Tensor veli palatini, Palatoglossus),
air enters the nose
• Resonance between 300-500 Hz
http://educationcing.blogspot.com/2012/08/sound-n-voiced-lingua-alveolar-nasal.html