Semester #1 Final Study Guide
Macromolecule
Carbohydrates
Monomer
Polymer
Polypeptide
Nucleic acids
Fatty acids
1. What is the purpose of an enzyme?
2. What does an enzyme lower? Now represent that on a graph.
3. What does a beaker look like? What about a graduated cylinder? (Draw them)
4. Identify the characteristic of a cell membrane that enable it to allow some
materials to pass through but not others.
5. Label the cells above with arrows to show which direction the water would move
in relation to the cell. Circle the cell that would have the fastest rate of diffusion?
6. Observe the picture with the filter keeping out the
large tea particles but letting smaller water molecules
through. The filter paper is most similar to what cell
organelle?
7. Observe Figure 1 then label a cell wall and a
chloroplast. What type of cell is shown?
8. A bacterial cell is an example of which type of cell?
9. The cell in Fig. 2 is most
Figure 1
likely a
cell because it
10. Place the following terms in the Venn diagram below: Nucleus, Mitochondria, chloroplast,
ribosomes, cell wall, cytoplasm, circular DNA, Lysosomes,
Prokaryotic
11. What is the molecule that carries genetic information out of the nucleus in a Eukaryotic cell?
12. Using the terms DNA, RNA and Proteins, describe how proteins are made in the human
body?
13. Where in the cell does transcription occur?
14. Describe the difference between transcription and DNA replication.
15. What is the relationship between ribosomes and proteins?
16. What is the monomer of DNA called?
17. What would be the Anticodon that would join with the codon AUG?
18. After a strand of mRNA is formed what is the next step in making protein synthesis?
19. Which cellular function is shown in the diagram below?
20. How would the mutation below affect the expression of the gene?
UCAUCGUCGAAC
UCCUCGAAC
21. What is the amino acid sequence coded by the mRNA strand below?
UUA ACU GAC AGU UGG UCA UGA
22. Transcribe and Translate the DNA strand: GAC –TGG-TCA
23. Which RNA codons can code for the amino acid leucine?
24. What are 4 structural components that are similar between DNA and RNA? What are 3
differences?
25. What is a single strand of nucleotides that is used for protein synthesis?
26. If a mRNA chain is 30 nucleotides long, how many amino acids does the synthesized protein
chain contain?
27. What are the base pairs in DNA? RNA?
28. Put the following words into a sentence that describes the flow genetic information: protein,
translated, DNA, mRNA, transcribed
29. If you are analyzing a nucleic acid, how could you determine it was DNA or RNA?
30. A DNA molecule has 10 adenine, 5 cytosine, and 6 guanine bases in a segment of template
strand. What is the composition of the bases in the mRNA strand that is synthesized from
the template?
31. Which part of the diagram represents codons being
translated?
32. Which number from the diagram represents mRNA
transcription?
33. What is the name of the molecules that carry the
amino acids in the diagram?