General Biology Midterm Review Packet
I.) Characteristics of Life
A. List all the characteristics of life
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R- Reproduce
C- made of CELLS
H- maintain HOMEOSTASIS
A- Adaptations (have collected in
the species over many generations)
R- Respond to stimuli
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G- Grow (in size)
E- Evolution has taken place in the
species
E- use Energy
D- Develop ( maturing over lifeime)
B. Describe the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
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Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles, but eukaryotes do.
(They both have a cell membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm and nucleic acids (DNA,RNA)
III.) Macromolecules
A. Fill in the following diagram using the correct terms:
MONOMERS
Dehydration Synthesis
Hydrolysis
Water
water
POLYMERS
B. Match the following monomers of the macromolecules to the correct polymers
a. Monosaccharides
b. Fatty Acids
c. Nucleotides
d. Polysaccharides
e. Amino Acids
f. Glycerol
1. Carbohydrates ____A,D___________________
2. Proteins _____E______________
3. Lipids ________B,F_________________
4. Nucleic Acids ______C_____________________
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C. Describe the function(s) of carbohydrates.
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ENERGY STORAGE (mono and disaccharides for quick energy and polysaccharides for
longer term)
STRUCTURE- polysaccharides like starch and chitin give organisms structure
D. Name the four levels of protein structure and provide a brief description/drawing of
what each looks like.
E. Describe the function(s) of nucleic acids. (ex DNA and RNA)
Genes are made of DNA. These genes work together with RNA to make the
proteins the body needs to function.
F. What are the three parts of a nucleotide? (You can draw a picture if you like)
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G. What nitrogen bases pair together in DNA? In RNA?
DNA- Adenine pairs with Thymine and Guanine with Cytosime
RNA- Adenine pairs with Uracil instead of Thymine, (Still G-C)
IV.) The Cell
A. What is the difference between plant and animal cells? (Hint: A Venn diagram
might help)
Plants: chloroplasts, cell wall, lg. central vacuole
Animals: lysosomes, centrioles
B. Using the picture below, identify the parts of the cell membrane shown.
D
E
A
B
C
F
A- polar head
B- nonpolar tail
C-phospholipid
D- Channel protein
E- Carrier Protein
F- Cholesterol
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C. Identify if the solution is hypotonic, hypertonic, or isotonic. Draw an arrow to indicate which way
the water will move through a water-only permeable membrane.
25% solute
15% solute
10% solute
30% solute
Hypertonic
Hypotonic
10% solute
10% solute
Isotonic
0% solute
2% solute
Hypotonic
D. Label the following cells as PLANT or ANIMAL. Then label their correct organelles.
V. Cell Division
A. Cell Cycle: Draw a representation of the cell cycle and label each phase.
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VI.) Protein Synthesis
A. Transcription/Translation: Fill in the table given the DNA Strand.
DNA
mRNA
tRNA
Amino Acid
3’ TAC GGC ATA GTT CAG CTT TAA CAG CCC GTT GTC ACT 5’
AUG CCG UAU CAA GUC GAA AUU GUC GGG CAA CAG UGA
UAC GGC AUA GUU CAG CUU UAA CAG CCC GUU GUC ACU
Methionine arginine tyrosine glutamine valine glutamate
isoleucine valine glycine glutamine glutamine stop
VII.) Photosynthesis/Cellular Respiration
A. Label all parts of the following diagram.
A- sunlight
B-CO2
C-H2O
D-O2
E-Glucose
G-ATP (Energy)
A
B + C
D + E
Usable Energy
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G