PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

What does protein synthesis mean?

What do proteins do?
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

Transcription=Making RNA from DNA

RNA processing

Translation=Making protein from RNA
3 STEPS TO MAKE PROTEINS

We have talked all about DNA, but what is RNA?

RNA carries instructions from DNA to make proteins
RNA
1) DNA sugar is deoxyribose; RNA sugar is
ribose
2) DNA has thymine; RNA has uracil
3) DNA is double stranded; RNA is single
stranded
ACTIVITY:
Take a moment to draw a Venn diagram
showing the similarities & differences between
DNA & RNA
HOW DOES RNA DIFFER FROM DNA?
TRANSCRIPTION & TRANSLATION
OVERVIEW

Strand of DNA used to copy complimentary RNA strand

Controlled by enzyme called RNA polymerase

Enzyme separates the DNA double helix and begin reading one
of the strands of DNA

That one strand of DNA is used to make pre-mRNA (messenger
RNA)

If the strand of DNA being used to make mRNA is:

TACCGTGAAT

What is the complimentary pre-mRNA strand that is made?
HOW TO MAKE RNA MOLECULE

Complete only the complimentary pre-mRNA strand on the
worksheet!
LET’S PRACTICE SOME MORE!

pre-mRNA strand has to be cleaned up to become mRNA

2 types of sections

Introns=sections that are taken out

Exons=sections that are kept and come together to form a mature mRNA strand
RNA PROCESSING
MAKING PROTEIN

tRNA=transfer RNA

Brings the parts to make a protein based on the mRNA instructions

Proteins are strings of molecules called amino acids

tRNA gets the correct amino acid to the mRNA to build the string
tRNA

Groups of three nucleotides carried on the mRNA strand

Codes for the anticodon carried on tRNA
CODONS
LET’S TAKE A LOOK AT THE ENTIRE
PROCESS!
THE ENTIRE PROCESS (TRANSCRIPTION
& TRANSLATION)