Think-Write
 Use
a Venn Diagram to compare and
contrast the DNA and RNA molecules
below:
RNA
DNA
Double Helix
Nucleic Acids
(Two strands)
Sugar and PO4
Ribose Sugar
Backbone
Deoxyribose Sugar
A bonds with T
Single Stranded
A, G, and C
Contains the Base Uracil (U)
C bonds w/ G
A bonds with U
Agenda 6/23/15
 Think-Write
 DNAi
Timeline
 Central Dogma Notes
 Central Dogma Worksheet
 Transcription/Translation Classwork
 Transcription Homework
The Central
Dogma
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Overview
• REPLICATION: Make DNA from
DNA Template
• TRANSCRIPTION: Make RNA
from DNA Template
• TRANSLATION: Make Proteins
from RNA Template
Animation
 http://www.classzone.com/cz/books/bio_
09/get_chapter_group.htm?cin=3&rg=ani
mated_biology&at=animated_biology&v
ar=animated_biology
Transcription
 The
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synthesis of RNA from a DNA template
 Like replication, transcription takes place
inside the Nucleus of Eukaryotes
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Why transcription??
•
•
DNA is very valuable, it holds all of our
information
DNA must be protected within the
nucleus
•
•
But, in order for cells to be able to do the
work that your DNA tells it to do, the
information must leave the nucleus
So, cells make an mRNA COPY that can
carry the information to the cytoplasm
Types of RNA
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Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries copies of DNA with
instructions to make proteins.
mRNA is the DNA’s messenger
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Types of RNA
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Amino acid
Transfer RNA
During protein construction, transfer RNA (tRNA) transfers
each amino acid to the ribosome.
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Types of RNA
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Ribosome
Ribosomal RNA
Ribosomes are made up of proteins and ribosomal RNA
(rRNA).
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Steps of transcription
#1: Initiation
#2: Elongation
#3: Termination
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What is Translation?
Messenger RNA is transcribed in
the nucleus, and then enters the
cytoplasm where it attaches to a
ribosome.
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Nucleus
mRNA
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Translation
The ribosome binds new tRNA molecules and amino
acids as it moves along the mRNA.
Phenylalanine
tRNA
Lysine
Methionine
Ribosome
mRNA
Start codon
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Translation
Lysine
tRNA
TranslationCopyright
direction
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mRNA
Ribosome
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IN A NUTSHELL:
The sequence of bases in
DNA is used as a template
for mRNA.
The codons of mRNA
specify the sequence of
amino acids in a protein.
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A codon consists of three consecutive nucleotides
on mRNA that specify a particular amino acid
-Use CODON WheelOnly write the first 3 letters of the AA
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AUG = Met
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AAC = Asp
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GCA = Ala
GCG =
GCU =
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