Warm-up: 5 minutes
1) Give the complementary DNA sequence
for: A T G C C C T A T A A G
TACGGGATATTC
2) What is DNA made up of?
Nucleotides (sugar, phosphate, base)
3) Think back to our unit on
MACROMOLECULES….what is the building
block of a protein?
Amino Acids
OBJECTIVE
SWBAT: investigate protein synthesis
in order to explain how a gene is used
to express a physical trait.
Today’s KEY Questions:
1.How
are proteins CREATED?
2.How is DNA related to proteins?
https://video.search.yahoo.com/video/play;_ylt=A2KIo9cKF39UImgAJ3L7w8QF;_ylu=X3oDMTBzZnZtb2xyBHNlYwNzcgRzbGsDdmlkBHZ0aWQDBGdwb3MDMTM?p=protein+synthesis&vid=c638ded6ce7033f02cda4c9f3944c7b5&l=3%3A35&turl=http%3A%2F%2Fts1.mm.bing.net%2Fth%3Fid%3DVN.608020369938252076%26pid%3D15
.1&rurl=http%3A%2F%2Fvimeo.com%2F55657826&tit=Introduction+to+%3Cb%3EProtein+Synthesis%3C%2Fb%3E&c=12&sigr=10pn7lup0&sigt=118cv3cri&age=49262810644&fr2=p%3As%2Cv%3Av%2Cm%3Asa&fr=yfp-t-326-s&tt=b
SO…DNA MAKES
US WHO WE ARE
•
•BUT HOW????
Recall: DNA holds the code! This code is
used to eventually make PROTEINS!!!!
•PROTEINS are what makes us LOOK the
way we LOOK!
•
Today’s KEY Questions:
1.How
are proteins CREATED?
2.How is DNA related to proteins?
DNA AND RNA ARE NEEDED TO MAKE PROTEINS!
•
Protein synthesis is the process of making proteins.
•
More specifically, protein synthesis is:
• DNA sending information to RNA to make a protein
DNA
A→
RNA
RNA
→ Protein
Step 1
Step 2
Big Picture
Protein Synthesis:
1) Transcription
2) Translation
LET’S REVIEW A FEW THINGS…
•1)
What is a gene?
Part of DNA that codes for a specific trait
•2)
What are genes made of?
DNA
•3)
What are the building blocks of proteins?
Amino Acids
Proteins are what create your PHYSICAL Traits..
What is the relationship between the following key
terms?:
physical traits
DNA
genes
proteins
DNA → ______
genes → _________
Physical traits
proteins → _________
_____
PART 1: WHAT ARE THE MAJOR
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DNA AND RNA?
RNA
DNA
1. Strand #: SINGLE-stranded
DOUBLE-stranded
2. Sugar:
RIBOSE
DEOXYribose
3. Bases:
Cytosine, Guanine,
Adenine, URACIL
Cytosine, Guanine
Adenine, Thymine
C pairs with G
and
A pairs with U
3 TYPES
OF
RNA…
1.Messenger RNA (mRNA)
2.Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
3.Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Each type has a specific ROLE in the
cell!
CHECK
FOR UNDERSTANDING!
DNA or RNA?!
DNA
1.AATCGTAATGCA ______________
Because it has the base T (thymine)
Why? _________________________________________
RNA
2) CGGUGACCAUGG _____________
Because it has the base U (Uracil)
Why? _________________________________________
LET’S PRACTICE!!
On page 71 in your notebook draw a Venn Diagram
and compare and contrast DNA and RNA
WARM-UP: PAGE 69
1) How are DNA and RNA different? How are
they the same?
Different: type of sugar, thymine vs. uracil,
strand number, RNA has 3 types
Same: made up of nucleotides, G/A/C
2) What is protein synthesis?
The process of making a protein
DNA to RNA to a protein
Big Picture
Protein Synthesis:
1) Transcription
2) Translation
STEP 1: TRANSCRIPTION
Is when…
________
DNA
•DNA
•This
transcription
Occurs in the
_______
mRNA
nucleus
_________________
is transcribed into mRNA
Put it in your own words
happens inside the nucleus. DNA CAN NEVER LEAVE THE
NUCLEUS! Why not??
Process of Transcription:
Step 1: Double stranded DNA
“unzips”
2
Step 2: RNA bases bond to the DNA
strand
**Remember RNA uses U NOT T
1
TRANSCRIPTION….
CHECK
FOR UNDERSTANDING
1.What is the major end result of transcription?
mRNA
2.Where does the process of transcription occur?
Nucleus
3.What are the complimentary strands of mRNA for the
DNA template strands:
G G T
__
C C__A__
A T T
U__ A__A__
C A A
C A T
T T A
G__U__U__ G__U__A __ A __A __
U
USING THE
DRY ERASE BOARD…
•Describe
the process of transcription using
the key words below. Be prepared to read
what you have!
•mRNA
•DNA
•Nucleus
•Single-stranded
Big Picture
Protein Synthesis:
1) Transcription
2) Translation
AFTER TRANSCRIPTION…
•There
is a new mRNA strand that was
made from the DNA!
•The
mRNA is ready to leave the nucleus
•But…where is it going???
STEP 2: RNA MAKES PROTEINS THROUGH
TRANSLATION
Occurs at the
mRNA
translation
protein
________________
ribosome
__
At the ribosome the mRNA is translated into proteins
(amino acids) through the process of TRANSLATION.
RNA helpers:
1.rRNA: makes the ribosome
1. tRNA: brings the CORRECT amino acids to the
ribosome
PROCESS
OF TRANSLATION
1. mRNA leaves the nucleus and finds the
ribosome
1. A set of 3 mRNA bases is called a CODON.
Each codon “codes” for a single AMINO ACID.
AAG
UUA
CGC
TUG
CODONS!
Every codon “codes” for a specific AMINO ACID
(protein building block)….
What amino acids do the following codons code for?
AUG: Methionine (Start)CUG:Leucine ACC: Threonine UAG:Stop
You try!
GUU:valine
____ AGU: serine
______CCU: ______UAU:
__________
proline
tyrosine
 http://www.iusd.org/uhs/cs2/i
mages/Codon_Chart.gif
3)
A tRNA molecule brings in the CORRECT amino acid
for each codon.
 The tRNA is complimentary to the mRNA and is
called the anti-codon.
4) Eventually a chain of amino acids is created. This
is a PROTEIN!
Label the
following:
- mRNA
- tRNA
- Amino Acid
Amino acid
tRNA
mRNA
Important Review Points…
•The
correct tRNA molecule will bind to the
mRNA and attach an amino acid in the correct
sequence
•The
order of the amino acids determines what
protein is made!!!
•Which
comes first, TRANSCRIPTION or
TRANSLATION? TRANSCRIPTION!!
Big Picture
Protein Synthesis:
1) Transcription
2) Translation
ON DRY ERASE BOARDS: WHAT COMES FIRST?...
Transcription or Translation?
Transcription
mRNA or protein?
mRNA
DNA or protein?
DNA
DNA or mRNA?
DNA
Process at the RIBOSOME or process at the NUCLEUS?
NUCLEUS!
ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS ON A NOTECARD
VIDEO CLIP OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS…
Journey inside the cell
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1fiJupfbSpg