Essential Questions:
• How important is freedom?
• What responsibilities do we have to the
human race?
• How do we decide ‘right’ from ‘wrong’?
• How does an author’s background impact
their writing?
• Aldous Huxley
• Satire based on 1930s America
• Explores the dangers of materialism and
technology
THE HEDONISTIC IMPERATIVE
Heaven on Earth?
Try summoning up the most delightful fantasy you can imagine.
According to the Hedonistic Imperative it will still only be a shadow of
the biological nirvana awaiting our descendants.
In a post-Darwinian era of paradise-engineering, life on earth promises
to be inconceivably good. WHY STOP EVOLVING?
Madness or Mysticism
Early Years:
• Family elite intellectuals – grandfather helped
develop theory of evolution
• Mother died when he was only 14 – learned
early that happiness was continually gained/lost
• Believed that heartache was inevitable - tied to
joy (must have pain to feel true happiness
• 16 – contracts eye disease, recovers sight but
not enough to fight in WWI (felt like an outcast) –
turned to writing and explored the theme of
“vision”
Exposure to War:
• His experiences in fascist Italy, where Benito Mussolini
led an authoritarian government that fought against birth
control in order to produce enough manpower for the next
war, also provided materials for Huxley's dystopia
• It's important to remember that Huxley wrote Brave New
World in 1931, before Adolf Hitler came to power in
Germany and before Joseph Stalin started the purges
that killed millions of people in the Soviet Union. He
therefore had no immediate real-life reason to make
tyranny and terror major elements of his story.
Huxley in the USA:
• In 1937, the Huxley’s came to the United
States; in 1938 they went to Hollywood, where
he became a screenwriter (among his films was
an adaptation of Jane Austen's Pride and
Prejudice
• Heavily experimented with mescaline and LSD to
write: Doors of Perception (1954) and Heaven
and Hell (1956). Brave New World illustrates
the dangers of drug use and warns against it.
How He Got His Ideas:
• He used numerous sources
for Brave New World:
• "Greek history
• anthropology,
• translations from Sanskrit and
Chinese of Buddhist texts,
• scientific papers on pharmacology,
neurophysiology, psychology and
education,
• Interviewed people: philosophers
,actresses, patients in mental
hospitals and tycoons
• He died November 22, 1963, the
same day that President John F.
Kennedy was assassinated.
• By the 1930s money was scarce because
of the depression, so people did what they
could to make their lives happy.
• Movies were hot, and parlor games and
board games were popular. People gathered
around radios to listen to the Yankees.
Young people danced to the big bands.
• Franklin Roosevelt influenced Americans
with his Fireside Chats.
• The golden age of the mystery novel
continued as people escaped into books
• FACTS about this decade.
Life Expectancy: Male, 58.1; Female,
61.6
Average salary: $1,368
Unemployment rises to 25%
Car Sales: 2,787,400
• Stamp collecting a popular hobby.
• Gambling increased as people sought
any means to add to their income.
• Between 1930 and 1939 horse racing
became legal in 15 more states bringing
the total to 21
• The Civilian Conservation Corps, a
New Deal work project for youths, built
recreational facilities in the national
parks.
• Clothes had to last a long time so styles
did not change every season.
• The use of the zipper became wide
spread because it was less expensive
• Men’s pants were wide and high waisted.
Hats were mandatory for the well dressed
male. (Clothes were an important part
of social status and decency)
• The famous Dick and Jane books
that taught millions of children to read
were first published in 1931. These
primers introduced the students to
reading with only one new word per
page and a limited vocabulary per
book. All who learned to read with
these books still recall the "Look. See
Dick. See Dick run." (emphasis on
using memorization and repetition
as a method of effective teaching)
-9 Years War
-- Anthrax Bombs
-- Devastation / Despair
-- Solution = Eliminate
Pain through narcotics,
entertainment and
government control
-- Regulate emotion
-Think about your current views
and beliefs.
-How do you feel about
America, the world in general
and your life?
-Complete the Anticipation
Guide on a separate sheet of
paper.
-ANSWERS MUST BE IN-DEPTH
Assignment
Copy the following vocab words / Leave space for definitions
As you read, use context clues to provide the meaning of each word.
1. Salinity
9. Vivacious
2. Viscosity
10. Peritoneum
3. Soliloquizing
11. Lupus
4. Bouillon
12. Enumerated
5. Proliferate
13. Freemartins
6. Prodigious
14. Superfluous
7. Viviparous
15. Sententiously
8. Largesse
Brave New World: Anticipation Guide
1. Do you think the world will ever be run by one
government? Why or why not?
2. Would it be possible to have a war that
decimates over half of the world’s population
through the use of biological warfare (Anthrax
Bombs)? Explain.
3. Do you think technology will eventually allow for
the development of genetically enhanced
babies? What problems could arise if this were
true?
Brave New World: Anticipation Guide
4. In the future, will there be a need to ban books
or will people choose to stop reading?
5. Do you feel that sports have become
increasingly commercial (about profit)? Explain.
6. Is marriage and/or monogamy becoming a lost
institution? Why or why not?
7. Do you think the government has ever or will
ever legalize drugs that allow citizens to alter
their emotions? Explain.
Brave New World: Anticipation Guide
8. How important are monogamy, religion, reading,
commercialism, and technology in our current American
society? (Rank them if you can!)
9. In the future do you think movies will advance to a level
that allows the audience to actually “feel” the sensations
the actors are experiencing? Would this be a positive or
negative change?
10. What is the best way to control someone (get them to do
what you want them to do)?
11. Which of the following aspects are Americans most
preoccupied with: violence, justice, education, sex, sports,
beauty, truth, religion, technology, or money. Explain.
Brave New World: Anticipation Guide
12. Briefly describe your ideal (perfect) society. (Tip: think
about laws, jobs, money, relationships, transportation,
sports, and entertainment)
13. If a man and a woman from the 1940s were suddenly
transported into modern day America, what aspects of
our society would shock or even horrify them?
14. How could technology be dangerous?
15. In four words or less, what do you want out of life?
Brave New World: What Huxley Found
Most Americans had a strong sense of nationalism (Felt
one gov’t would eventually prevail) – war eminent
Preoccupied with money / recreation = success
Marriage less important
Favored technology (war / personal)
Gov’t would never ‘hurt’ the citizens (drugs, genetic
engineering) – laws protect
Happiness (contained in over 95% of the responses)!
Background Notes
D.H.C. (Director) = Director of Hatcheries and
Conditioning
A.F. = After Ford = Ford is their deity (assembly line /
mass production)
Community, Identity, Stability (their motto) – World State
(10 World Controllers)
Background Notes
Social Structure = Alpha, Betta, Gamma, Delta, Epsilon
Alpha = only one (‘free’ thought; super smart; very
attractive) = Alpha Male
Epsilon = very low IQ; very small; grayish skin
Assignment
Read Chapter 1
Define your vocab words using context clues as you read
Be prepared for a reading check quiz
Concepts to review as you read:
- social structure of the ‘utopia’
- Huxley’s use of imagery
- Name of characters / their traits
BNW Ch. 2 Notes: Conditioning
Conditioning – change behavior using rewards and
punishments it is performed until the subject
associates the action with pleasure or distress
Pavlov – known for discovering the conditioned response
Consumerism – the concept that an ever-expanding
consumption of goods is advantageous to the
economy and society
BNW Ch. 2 Notes: Conditioning
Societies Goal = “Community, Identity, Stability”
Community:
“Everyone belongs to everyone else” – casual sex,
constant social interaction, conditioned to hate
solitude (clubs, dating, sports, tiny apartments)
Identity:
caste – clothes – job – looks – talents – morals (all
conditioned and assigned by the gov’t)
BNW Ch. 2 Notes
Stability:
“like what you have to do” – engineered a
sense of success
constant distraction of pleasure
feel bad = soma (World States issued drug)
BNW Ch. 2 Vocab
Aseptically –
Apoplectic –
Posthumous –
HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT:
Curtly –
DEFINE ALL CHAPTER 2
VOCAB
Suffuse –
Sibilant –
READ CHAPTER TWO
Imperative –
BE PREPARED FOR A
QUICK QUIZ
Inculcate -
“The twentieth century is,
among other things, the Age of
Noise. Physical noise, mental
noise and noise of desire And
no wonder; for all the
resources of our almost
miraculous technology have
Group Questions
been thrown into the current
assault against silence.” –
Aldous Huxley
1. Has technology been primarily used to eliminate silence and
privacy? Explain using 3 Examples. (Hint = TV, video
games, cell phones, clothes, food, cars, etc..)
2. List 3 examples of genetic engineering from Chapter 1.
Explain if the example (in your opinion) is ethical (in-depth)
3. Is there any problem with this society’s caste system?
Explain using textual examples to support your opinion.
4. Create a chart that lists the pros and cons of this society.
Then answer: How would you like to live in this society? Is it
really so bad to use technology as a source of happiness?
What would be your biggest complaint? Why?
BNW Ch. 3 Notes: “Everyone belongs…”
Exaggeration – to make a point; satirical weapon;
Shocking but is it where we are heading?
3 Way Conversation
- Carefully watch paragraph indentation / read slowly
- Used to compare / contrast (history to present)
Convo 1 = Mustapha Mond & students (Hatchery)
Convo 2 = Bernard Marx, Henry Foster (elevator)
Convo 3 = Lenina Crowne and Fanny Crown (bathroom)
BNW Ch. 3 Notes: “Everyone belongs…”
Define the following vocab for chapter three:
Apertures
Patronizing
Maudlin
Discarnate
Evocation
Axiomatic
Truculently
Pneumatic
All Vocab Due
Wednesday!
Open Notes Quiz
Thursday!
BNWJ1: Do you support genetic
engineering?
Think about its ‘benefits’:
– embryonic stems cells could be grown to produce organs or tissues
– Conditions such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, diabetes, and infertility may
be cured
– Plastic and reconstructive surgery could be taken to the next level
– Defective genes could be replaced (on average every human has 8
defective genes these genes are what cause us to be vulnerable to
sickness)
• Think about its ‘drawbacks’:
–
–
–
–
Religious issues
Mistakes
Prejudice
Corruption
BNW Ch. 3: Philosophical Views
9 Years War
Resistance = religion and the Simple Lifers
Survivors eventually relinquished ‘freedom and
democracy’ for ‘happiness and safety’
BNW Ch. 3: Philosophical Views
Problem 1: "home" / “family” consisted of a mother,
father and children. - diseased and smelly, and
containing overbearing intimacies and emotions lead to individual instability
Solution: “everyone belongs to everyone else"
eradicates individualism; genetic engineering
BNW Ch. 3: Philosophical Views
Problem 2: History / Culture – Having a history gives
people a sense of time outside of their own time
frame. This in turn makes people think about
progression through time, which is something the
society cannot permit without causing social
upheaval.
Solution: destroy monuments, books, and sexual
reproduction (lineage)
BNW Ch. 3: Philosophical Views
Problem 3: Religion – think about larger issues and
ethics
Solution: drug ensured that people would spend
their time hallucinating rather than thinking.
Consumption is the new religion – consumption =
more goods = more jobs = stability
BNW Ch. 3: Philosophical Views
Overall problem - monogamy, sex, and family ties
generate most human emotions.
Overall solution - The goal is to eradicate emotions
by replacing them with pure sexual desire and
nothing else. Emotions are therefore directed mostly
by the state, which is necessary for social control
and stability. Emphasis on the present (satisfy every
urge immediately)
Ch. 1-3 Vocab Assignment
Choose one activity to complete (due at the end of the period):
1. Construct a crossword puzzle answer key with 15 clues
(puzzle contains answers)
2. Construct definition notecards for all words (term on
the front / definition on the back)
3. Write original and accurate sentences for 15 words.
(Sentence must clearly convey the word’s meaning)
4. Illustrate ten terms (underneath each illustration write
the term and its definition)
If you finish early begin reading chapters 4 and 5 – Due Friday!
Ch. 4-5 Review Notes
1. Benito Hoover – loves life, extra happy, sex-hormone
chewing gum, extremely hairy
2. Helmholtz Watson – “mental excess”, desired, propaganda
writer, teacher, feels he has more to offer (longs for
creativity)
3. Henry & Lenina – sports, dinner, club, soma, ‘together’
4. Solidarity Service:
1. twelve become one
MONDAY – DISCUSSION (CH. 1-5)
TUESDAY – CH. 6 DUE (Bernard & Lenina; Confrontation with D.H.C.)
FRIDAY – VOCAB QUIZ
What’s Happening!!!!!
Chapter One
- The Hatchery is described (‘cold’ / factory) = imagery
- D.H.C (reveals cloning and conditioning process) =
scientific views and practices
Chapter Two
- social views revealed (Pavlovian conditioning, hypnopedia,
social interaction)
What’s Happening!!!!!
Chapter Three
- little problems revealed (unhappiness, biological needs,
loyalty)
- Basis for society (why they do it) revealed = eliminate strong
emotions / passion
- Materialistic and superficial society that is obsessed with
consumption of products and people
What’s Happening!!!!!
Chapter Four
- Personalities developed:
- Lenina = very flirtatious / builds men’s self-esteem
- Bernard = self-involved; judgmental; superficial
- Henry = ideal male; obsessive (punctual)
- Benito = happy (no soma)
- Helmholtz = deep; considerate; searching for meaning
- D.H.C = strict concerning attitudes / relationships
What’s Happening!!!!!
Chapter Five
- Social Norms Revealed:
- Lenina and Henry have the perfect date (We find out what
people do day to day)
- Bernard and Helmholtz paranoid (Of what? Punishment?)
Chapter Five
- Bernard attends a required social interaction
- Mandatory soma use and ‘togetherness’
- Alphas REQUIRED to attend (not total freedom)
What’s Happening!!!!!
Chapter Five
Their religion is revealed:
- Allusions to Christianity:
- Loving cup
- Ford is transubstantiated (becomes flesh)
- T = new type of cross
- Huxley’s Point:
- Ford = God (Metaphor – productivity & mass
consumption are superior)
- Religion conditions the free thinkers (mandatory)
Assignment: Quote Explication / CH.6
Chapter Six
- Social Oddities Revealed:
- Chapter is in direct contrast to chapter five
- Bernard & Lenina’s first date
- Bernard & D.H.C have a fight (threats will be issued!)
- Context Notes:
- Remember – all citizens should play sports / go clubbing
- Remember – D.H.C make it a point to be known as strict (does not find
past or people sentimental)
- Remember – Lenina is using Bernard to get to the Savage Reservation
- Savage Reservation – in New Mexico; unconditioned people (observe
and analyze them – almost like a zoo!)
Assignment: Quote Explication / CH.6
TODAY – COMPLETE THE ASSIGNMENT / READ CH. 6
Explicate the text = to make plain or clear; explain; interpret
EXAMPLE:
1. “They were two, they were large, they were strong.” (Huxley 47).
- “two” = popular majority
- An interpretation of the statement reveals a message:
- one person / idea is helpless against a dominant
majority (hard to be an individual)
BNW: Ch. 6 Review
Bernard’s claims
-Men wrong (meat)
-People are superficial
- Hates crowds; doesn’t care
what people think
-Soma is wrong / weak
-Society is too materialistic
-Hates society
Bernard’s actions
-with Lenina
-Friends with the best
(Helmholtz / Lenina); critical of
Morgana
-Runs to avoid being late (not
criticism); demands respect
for lower caste
-Used soma 3x’s already!
-Worried about cologne tap
-Upset about exile
BNW: Ch. 6 Review
8. What imagery does Huxley introduce in an
attempt to explain why Lenina and Bernard
ended the night ‘together’?
Infants
Meaning: Infants = impulse
= every need must be satisfied
= constant affection / care
= don’t evaluate or reason
= dependent
Malpais – The Savage Reservation
-New Mexico
-Lava, ashes, little vegetation
-Isolated (Christian / Pagan)
The Zuni
- unaffected by outer influences.
- still claim the same land
- managed to remain intact due to isolation
practices (neutral)
- unaffected by the changes around them
The Savages Religious Ceremony
Allusions:
– Christ / cross = sacrifice
– Pookong = Hopi legend
• Asked to save society
• Kills bear
• Bernard means bear
– Snakes = tame the devil
(temptation)
– Whip = pain is necessary
– Goal = good of society (rain)
= prove manhood
BNW: Ch. 7 Group DQs
1. What do you think Bernard
will do with John and
Linda? Why?
2. Compare and Contrast the
Solidarity Service to the ‘savages’
ceremony.
3. When Bernard states, “We
might be among savages already.”
What does he mean?
Essential Question: What is satire?
Characteristics of Satire:
- irony
- sarcasm
- ridicule
- exaggeration
- shocking plot details
Why use such characteristics?
Goals = expose or denounce societal mistakes
Aldous Huxley and Descriptive
Language
• Description of the World State is based on senses
• Authors use description to change the way a reader
THINKS OR FEELS.
• Powerful tool: actually control someone’s mind
• Ex: for the moment they are reading you control what they think
What he said about descriptive language and satire
• An unexciting truth may be eclipsed by a thrilling lie.
• Beauty is worse than wine, it intoxicates both the holder and beholder.
What is Descriptive Language
• sight: including colors, shapes, sizes
• sound: including types and volume
• smell: including scents and strengths (putrid, sweet, foul, pungent,
strong, faint)
• taste: including flavors and strengths
• touch: including textures and temperatures emotions and subjective
reactions: (happy, excited, ecstatic, sad, lonely, beautiful, ugly)
• states: (tired, angered, labored, smart, rich, hungry, lonely, friendly)
• HUXLEY HAS ALREADY APPEALED TO ALL SENSES
» What are some examples?
Creative Writing Activity
Construct a 10 line poem with an abab cdcd ee
rhyme scheme
Poem must use descriptive language to convey a
monster or hero
Remember: Descriptive language appeals to the
senses
Extra Credit: Illustrate your poem (must be neat,
reflect description and in color)
-
BNW: Chapter 8 “John’s Story”
John & Lenina
– love at first sight
Pope
– ‘drug’ dealer; Linda’s steady lover
Linda & John
– abusive, conditions him
- incapable of love, pain
• Huxley has fun with allusions!
• John states: Shakespeare
helps him understand his
feelings; means for selfexpression
•Huxley’s use of Shakespearean
allusions helps the reader
understand John’s feelings and
predict future events!
-King murdered by his brother and
wife!
-Son returns from college to find his
mother married to his uncle!
-Son must seek vengeance
-“To be or not to be” - make a
difference or just coast through life
- Pope & John “ sty, incest, mother’s
relationships
-War hero descends into madness
-Manipulative love is his weakness
-Decides life is meaningless
-John & Life
-John & Religion
- Star crossed lovers
- Cannot be happy together
- John & Lenina (think about the end of the play!)
- Interracial relationship <outcaste and
a princess>
-Outcaste sabotaged by jealous
advisor
-Insecurity causes outcaste to selfdestruct
-John, Bernard and Lenina
-Niece visitor (Miranda) resists
corruption of a savage island
- “O Brave New World”
- Tempest - storm
-John & The World State
- Racism and Classism
- Man sacrifices for love
- ‘pound of flesh’
BNWJ2: Peer Pressure and Science
PROMPT: Can one individual make a difference?
“There's only one corner of the universe you can be certain of improving,
and that's your own self.” – Aldous Huxley
What’s in a Name?
The D.H.C. – situational irony (in charge of birth and
suppression of live birth – has a kid!)
Henry Foster - William Foster, an American communist who
ran for President (20s / 30s) ; Henry Ford (ideal)
Lenina Crowne - Crown alludes to the monarch; recalls
Vladimir Lenin and the Russian Revolution of 1917, a radical
overthrow of a monarchy.
Bernard Marx - refers to Claude Bernard (friends with
Napoleon, homeostasis -an organism may be a conformer or a
regulator. Bernard Shaw (play about transforming a woman –
popularity) and Karl Marx (proponent of communism –
equality).
What’s in a Name?
Mustapha Mond - Mustapha, modernized Turkey; Sir Alfred Mond,
head of Imperial Chemical Industries
Fanny Crowne - heroine in the scandalous novel "Fanny Hill or
Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure" (vulgar Brit slang)
Benito Hoover - joins fascist Benito Mussolini and Herbert Hoover,
early 20th-century President of the USA. Hoover may also refer to
W.H. Hoover, the industrialist responsible for mass-producing the
vacuum cleaner. (all ideologies represented)
Helmholtz Watson – German scientist; founded law of conservation;
pioneer research on vision (like Huxley); Sir William Watson (famous
poet) (Huxley’s voice in the book)
What’s in a Name?
Solidarity Service Group – industrialists and leaders (higher caste
all connected to industrialists with communist views)
John the Savage – John (Dracula); John
(apostle – Book of Revelations)
Linda – situational irony (Spanish – pretty)
Mitsima – Eskimo mythology; conveys the purpose of life (teaches
John to create)
What’s in a Name?
Pope – Pueblo medicine man: led rebellion against the Spanish 1680
Arch-Community Songster – Arch-Bishop of Canterbury
(play on words)
Primo Melon – Miguel Primo de Rivera, dictator of Spain; Andrew W.
Mellon, a USA industrialist (banks)
Darwin Bonaparte – Charles Darwin (evolution); Napoleon Bonaparte
(world domination)
PROJECT FOLDER:
- maintain throughout (checked each day!)
- must contain: drafts, peer edits, printed
sources, and final copies
- folder will be collected (with all drafts,
revisions, sources, final copies, etc…)
- This is your individual grade – possible 60
points!
-Wednesday and Thursday are individual project days!
Group Work:
- Friday is a group work day
- Nov.14th and Nov. 15th are computer lab days
- Project Due Dates will be determined by the
amount of effort you put forth
- more effort = more work time.
- Group Project is worth up to 60 points!
- This is meant to be constructivist learning (peer
feedback); however, volume must be workable
- THIS MEANS WHISPER / SEPARATE
- IF YOU CANNOT MAINTAIN APPROPRIATE
BEHAVIOR YOU WILL BE GIVEN A RESEARCH
ASSIGNMENT!
-Appropriate / mature behavior
-Language, content, images of any sort
(project or discussion related) must be school
appropriate
-On task; folders will be collected for
productivity check; maintain group work log
-Prepared - BRING MATERIALS TO CLASS
-(absence is not an excuse or an extension!)
Brave New World Chapter 17 and 18 Notes
• Mond’s Explanation:
– No ‘God’ b/c no reason
• citizens stay young / prosperous
• religion is for the old or needy
– No heroes b/c no reason
• heroes are a symptom of political inefficiencies
• (result of unstable conditions)
• Johns response:
– “Nothing costs enough here”
too easy; no self-denial; pride, or desire”
• John claims his individuality
– (the right to be unhappy or in need)
Brave New World Chapter 17 and 18 Notes
• Helmholtz / Bernard visit - John is sick
– “ate civilization, and that it poisoned and defiled
him”
• John retreats to a lighthouse (cannot leave World
State)
• Isolation, works the land, begging
forgiveness
• Whips himself (purification)
• Create a Feelie of John’s actions
• Popularity increases
• UNIQUE
• HUXLEY’S STYLE CHANGES: THE
READER (YOU!) MUST INTERPRET
ALL ACTIONS
• DIFFERENT PEOPLE MAY HAVE
DIFFERENT INTERPRETATIONS
• HUXLEY GIVES YOU WHAT THEIR
SOCIETY SACRIFICED: IMAGINATION
/ ANALYSIS: FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE
• THE MESSAGE AND ACTION WILL ALL
BE CONVEYED THROUGH LITERARY
DEVICES: IMAGERY,
CHARACTERIZATION, …
• PAY CLOSE ATTENTION: SEE IF YOU
CAN ‘GET IT’
• In a few minutes there were dozens of them, standing in a wide
circle round the lighthouse, staring, laughing, clicking their
cameras, throwing (as to an ape) peanuts, packets of sexhormone chewing-gum (CROWD ASSEMBLES – WHAT DO THEY
WANT?)
• "Strumpet!" The Savage had rushed at her like a madman. Like a
madman, he was slashing at her with his whip of small cords.
Terrified, she had turned to flee, …"Henry, Henry!" she shouted.
(WHO IS THIS? WHAT’S GOING ON?)
• Then suddenly somebody started singing "Orgy-porgy“ Stupefied
by soma, and exhausted by a long-drawn frenzy of sensuality, the
Savage lay sleeping in the heather. (WHAT HAPPENED?)
• The door of the lighthouse was ajar. They pushed it open
and walked into a shuttered twilight. Through an archway
on the further side of the room they could see the bottom of
the staircase that led up to the higher floors. Just under the
crown of the arch dangled a pair of feet.
• "Mr. Savage!"
• Slowly, very slowly, like two unhurried compass needles,
the feet turned towards the right; north, north-east, east,
south-east, south, south-south-west; then paused, and,
after a few seconds, turned as unhurriedly back towards
the left. South-south-west, south, south-east, east. …
• What imagery is used in the final scene? Why?
– Compass (mixed-up directions)
– John lost his way
• What’s Huxley’s point?
– Individual is powerless
– Corruption inevitable
– Nature to give in to temptation
• Why do you think he used a lighthouse? What may this symbolize?
- beacon/ warning / hope / individual / light/ isolation
• BNWJ3: What would you change about
yourself? How can you work towards
becoming a better person?
"Homo sapiens, the first truly free
species, is about to decommission
natural selection, the force that made
us.... Soon we must look deep within
ourselves and decide what we wish to
become."
- Hedonistic Imperative
• BACKGROUND INFO (HUXLEY’S LIFE AND
THE 1930S)
• LITERARY TERMS: ALLUSION, ALLEGORY,
SATIRE, SIMILE, METAPHOR, TONE, MOOD
• COMPREHENSION OF TEXTUAL DETAILS:
PLOT, CHARACTERS, THEME (STUDY BLUE
PACKET AND NOTES)
• QUOTE IDENTIFICATION (STUDY
CHARACTERS)
• Helpful Hints:
– Tone: The author’s attitude, stated or implied, toward a
subject. Some possible attitudes are pessimism,
optimism, earnestness, seriousness, bitterness,
humorous, and joyful. An author’s tone can be revealed
through choice of words and details.
– Mood:The climate of feeling in a literary work. The choice
of setting, objects, details, images, and words all
contribute towards creating a specific mood.