AP World History
Study Guide
Name_______________________________ Per______ Date______________________
Chapter 16 Study Guide- Transformations in Europe 1500-1750
Using complete sentences, answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper. You
must use part of the question as the stem of your answer. Page numbers are provided.
1. How did popes fund large scale construction projects in Rome? P.406
2. What did one have to do in order to receive an indulgence? P.406
3. What argument regarding salvation did Martin Luther find in Saint Paul’s Epistle to the
Romans? P.406
4. What did Luther use to promote his ideas? P.406
5. According to John Calvin, what was “salvation”? P.407
6. Who was the founder of the Society of Jesus (“Jesuits”) and what was their purpose?
P.409
7. What were the “wars of religion” and who was involved? P.409
8. Why were accusations of witchcraft levied against widows and what is one possible
explanation for these witch hunts? P.410
9. What was Nicholas Copernicus’s controversial theory? P.410
10. What were Isaac Newton’s contributions to science? P.411 "Gravity explains the motions of the
planets, but it cannot explain who set the planets in motion. God governs all things and knows all that is or
can be done.” Newton
11. Why was Galileo condemned? P.411
12. What country dominated commercial shipping and trade in the 17th century? P.413
13. What crops from the Americas helped European rural poor avoid starvation? P.416
14. How were European marriages different than those that prevailed in much of the rest of
the world? P.417
15. What family ruled the Holy Roman Empire? P.418
16. What was the Peace of Augsburg (1555)? P.418
17. What did the rulers of Spain, France, and England do to unify their kingdoms politically?
P.418
18. What did King Philip use to bring into line those who resisted his authority? P.422
19. What was the Edict of Nantes? P.422
20. Why did Henry VIII of England break with the Catholic Church? P.422
21. Who replaced the beheaded English monarch at the end of the English Civil War? P.422
22. What did the Palace of Versailles symbolize? P.422/23
23. What did the political philosopher John Locke argue? P.423
24. What was the result of wars like the Thirty Years War on European armies and weapons?
P.423/24
25. What drove the Dutch to revolt against Spain? P.425/27
Free Response Focus Questions: Answer these questions in a 5-7 sentence paragraph.



In your own words! Do not simply copy from the book and memorize the response.
Support your response with plenty of facts.
Understand where events fall historically (global context, cause/effect, etc)
1. How did the basic tenets of Lutheranism and Calvinism differ from those of
Catholicism? What was the Catholic response to the Protestant Reformation?
2. Discuss the failure of Charles V to unify Europe and the success of European royal
monarchies to centralize state control in the 16th and 17th centuries.
3. Describe the disparities among the various social classes in European urban society
between the 16th and 18th centuries. Who were the bourgeoisie? What conditions did
the poorer classes endure?
4. Describe the experiences of women in the 17th and 18th century in Europe.
Compare/Contrast: Write a well-developed thesis statement which clearly addresses
similarities and differences.
5. Compare and contrast the political systems, especially the role of the monarch, in
France and England in the 16th and 17th centuries.