Name: ___________________
AP European History
Gabriel/Hancock
THE EUROPEAN WARS OF RELIGION 1550-1648
Questions to set the stage:
1. Charles V has been considered a medieval emperor. In what respects is this true? What were the origins of his
empire?
2. How did the Peace of Augsburg 1555 ensure that there would be continued wars over religion?
3. The paradox of the Reformation is that while it involved primarily religious issues, it ultimately promoted the
growth of secularism in Western Europe. Give 3 reasons how this happened.
SPAIN – The Anti-Protestant Crusade of King Philip II
Philip II (r. 1556-1598) – son of H.R.E. Charles V (Carlos I), inherited the strongest military and navy in the world, strongly
Catholic
Conflict/War
Philip’s goals
The “Other Side”
Outcome
The Battle of
Lepanto
1571
The Dutch Revolt
Spanish Armada
What were the circumstances surrounding Elizabeth’s decision to aid the United Provinces in their war against Spain?
What was the Spanish reaction?
FRANCE – The French Civil War 1562-1589
Catholics v. Huguenots – France predominantly Catholic but about 1.2 million (16 million population) had converted to
Calvinism including large proportion of French nobility, several of whom would lay claim to the
French throne.
1. Describe specific economic, political and religious policies and practices enacted by Francis I (r. 1515-1547) and
his son Henri II (r. 1547-1559) that both strengthened the monarchy and set the stage for the civil war.
2. Henri II (r. 1547-1559) – married to Catherine de’ Medici (1519-1589) with 3 sons Francois II, Charles IX and
Henri III – all were weak ineffective rulers
3. Open warfare breaks out in 1562 – Catholics led by Guise family v. Huguenots led by Bourbon family
4. St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre August 23, 1572 – What role did it play in the French Civil War?
5. War of the Three Henri’s (1585-1589) – What role did each one play in the French Civil War?
 Henry III (Guise)

Henry Duke of Guise

Henri of Navarre (Bourbon)
What were the causes and consequences of the French Civil War? Was the war chiefly a religious or a political event?
Please use evidence to support your position. Provide at least 2 causes and 2 consequences.
The Thirty Year’s War and the Peace of Westphalia – 1618-1648
Crisis of the 17th Century
1. Key time period in the long transition from medieval to modern times:
2. Major elements of crises:
The Thirty Year’s War (1618-1648)
1. General overview:
How did the following contribute to the origins of the Thirty Years War?
 The Peace of Augsburg (1555)

The spread of Calvinism

The Jesuits

The Protestant Union and the Catholic League

Ferdinand II
Four Phases of the War
Phase
Key Figures & Events
Bohemian Phase (1618-1625)
Danish Phase (1625-29)
Swedish Phase (1630-35)
French Phase (1635-48)
Why did Catholic France side with the Protestants in the Thirty Year’s War?
Outcome
Peace of Westphalia (1648)
Territorial Settlements
Political Settlements
Religious Settlements
What were the political, religious and economic consequences of the Thirty Year’s War in Europe? Answer for each of the
following nations/rulers: H.R.E/Germany/Hapsburgs, France/Bourbons, Spain/Hapsburgs, Catholic Church
The Baroque (17th century)
1. What are the major characteristics of the Baroque style?
2. Who were some of the major Baroque artists?
3. How did the Baroque reflect the Catholic Counter-Reformation?
4. How did the Baroque reflect the crises and turmoil of the 17th century?
5. How was the Baroque different from Renaissance art?