Biology
Unit 2 - Genetics
Williams
Name _________________________________________________ Date: ________________________ Hr: _____________
Exam 2 – Study Guide
Meiosis, DNA replication, RNA transcription & translation
Label the following stages of meiosis:
(Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I, Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II,
Telophase II)
When does crossing over occur?
Biology
Unit 2 - Genetics
Williams
Name _________________________________________________ Date: ________________________ Hr: _____________
What is cytokinesis?
What two phases occur before prophase I? What happens in those phases?
Are humans diploid or haploid?
How many chromosomes do humans have?
How are meiosis and mitosis similar? Different?
What are homologous chromosomes?
What are sister chromosomes?
Meiosis produces how many haploid cells? Why is this important in sexual reproduction?
What does DNA stand for?
What are the 4 DNA bases? What two groups do they fall under?
What are the two pairings of the DNA bases?
Biology
Unit 2 - Genetics
Williams
Name _________________________________________________ Date: ________________________ Hr: _____________
How many hydrogen bonds connect each of the pairs? Which pair has a stronger bond?
What are the rules of DNA base composition?
Describe the steps of DNA replication, including the 3 major enzymes.
At each replication fork, there are two growing DNA strands. What are the two strands, and
how is the replication process different at each strand?
What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
What does RNA stand for?
What are the 3 main types of RNA?
What are the four bases of RNA?
What are the two types of bases, and which ones belong to each group?
What are the differences between RNA and DNA?
What is the basic process of transcription?
Biology
Unit 2 - Genetics
Williams
Name _________________________________________________ Date: ________________________ Hr: _____________
What does the promoter control?
How do you determine which is the template & non-template strand?
How is RNA created using DNA?
How is the transcription process different in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
What are the functions of the 5’ cap?
What does splicing do?
What are proteins made of?
What are the ‘words’ that code for amino acids?
Does a codon code for more than one amino acid?
Can an amino acid have more than one codon that codes for it?
When does coding begin on the mRNA? (hint - when does the open reading frame begin?)
Biology
Unit 2 - Genetics
Williams
Name _________________________________________________ Date: ________________________ Hr: _____________
When does coding end? (hint - when does the open reading frame end?)
Where does protein synthesis take place in the cell? (what organelle?)
What are the 3 translation sites on the ribosome?
What are the 3 steps of translation?
Describe the process of translation.