Part III / XIII of the 8,500+ Slide Human Body
Systems and Health Topics Unit from
www.sciencepowerpoint.com
Part I: Levels of Biological Organization
Part II: The Skeletal System
Part III: The Muscular System
Part IV: Nutrients and Molecules of Life
Part V: Healthy Living and Eating
Part VI: The Digestive System
Part VII: The Circulatory System
Part VIII: The Respiratory System / Dangers of Smoking
Part IX: The Excretory System
Part X: The Nervous System
Part XI: The Endocrine System
Part XII: The Reproductive System
Part XIII: The Immune System
• The Human Body Systems and Health Topic
Units includes.
– A 13 Part 8,500 Slide PowerPoint roadmap.
– 40 page bundled homework package, modified version,
answer keys, homework rubric. All chronologically
follows slideshow.
– 56 Pages of unit notes that follow slideshow.
– 7 PowerPoint Review Games (1,400 Slides) with
answers and game sheet.
– 30 Worksheets that follow slideshow for classwork
– Crossword puzzles, games, rubrics, curriculum guide,
and much more.
– http://www.sciencepowerpoint.com/Human_Body_Syst
ems_and_Health_Topics_Unit.html
• More Units Available at…
Earth Science: The Soil Science and Glaciers Unit, The Geology Topics
Unit, The Astronomy Topics Unit, The Weather and Climate Unit, and The
Rivers and Water Quality Unit, The Water Molecule Unit.
Physical Science: The Laws of Motion and Machines Unit, The Atoms
and Periodic Table Unit, The Energy and the Environment Unit, and
Science Skills Unit.
Life Science: The Infectious Diseases Unit, The Cellular Biology Unit,
The DNA and Genetics Unit, The Life Topics Unit, The Plant Unit, The
Taxonomy and Classification Unit, Ecology: Feeding Levels Unit, Ecology:
Interactions Unit, Ecology: Abiotic Factors, The Evolution and Natural
Selection Unit, and The Human Body Systems and Health Topics Unit
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Human Body Unit
Part
VI/XIII
The Digestive
System
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• RED SLIDE: These are notes that are very
important and should be recorded in your
science journal.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
-Nice neat notes that are legible and use
indentations when appropriate.
-Example of indent.
-Skip a line between topics
-Don’t skip pages
-Make visuals clear and well drawn. Please label.
Kidneys
Ureters
Urinary Bladder
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• RED SLIDE: These are notes that are very
important and should be recorded in your
science journal.
• BLACK SLIDE: Pay attention, follow
directions, complete projects as described
and answer required questions neatly.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Keep an eye out for “The-Owl” and raise
your hand as soon as you see him.
– He will be hiding somewhere in the slideshow
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
“Hoot, Hoot”
“Good Luck!”
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

New Area of Focus: The Digestive System
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Digestive System Available Sheet
• Digestive System Available Sheet
• What did you have for breakfast today?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Humans are chemical factories, we need
raw materials to produce new cells, repair
damaged parts, and produce energy.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Digestive System Available Sheet
• High quality energy in
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• High quality energy in – heat released –
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• High quality energy in – heat released –
lower quality energy out.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• High quality energy in – heat released –
lower quality energy out.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Digestive System Available Sheet
• Digestive System Available Sheet

Nutrients: The usable portions of food.

Nutrients: The usable portions of food.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Nutrients: The usable portions of food.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Nutrients: The usable portions of food.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Nutrients: The usable portions of food.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Nutrients: The usable portions of food.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Nutrients: The usable portions of food.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Nutrients: The usable portions of food.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Nutrients: The usable portions of food.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Nutrients: The usable portions of food.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Nutrients: The usable portions of food.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Nutrients: The usable portions of food.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Nutrients: The usable portions of food.
“I had a well
balanced
lunch.”
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Nutrients: The usable portions of food.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Nutrients: The usable portions of food.
“Uggghhh.”
“Rough Lunch.”
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Nutrients: The usable portions of food.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Nutrients include
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Nutrients include
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Nutrients include
– Proteins
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Nutrients include
– Proteins
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Nutrients include
– Proteins
– Carbohydrates
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Nutrients include
– Proteins
– Carbohydrates
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Nutrients include
– Proteins
– Carbohydrates
– Fats
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Nutrients include
– Proteins
– Carbohydrates
– Fats
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Nutrients include
– Proteins
– Carbohydrates
– Fats
– Vitamins
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Nutrients include
– Proteins
– Carbohydrates
– Fats
– Vitamins
• Nutrients include
– Proteins
– Carbohydrates
– Fats
– Vitamins
– Minerals
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Nutrients include
– Proteins
– Carbohydrates
– Fats
– Vitamins
– Minerals
• Nutrients include
– Proteins
– Carbohydrates
– Fats
– Vitamins
– Minerals
– Water
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Protein: Growth, Repair, Reproduction of
Cells (structure of your body), produces
enzymes, hormones, antibodies.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Carbohydrates: Energy molecule and
contains fiber.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Fats: Energy source.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Vitamins: Prevents diseases, regulates
body processes, and needed for chemical
reactions.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Minerals: Needed for bones and teeth,
blood and other tissues.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Water: To dissolve substances in blood,
tissue fluid, biochemical reactions.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Which of the following is incorrect?
A.) Protein: Growth, Repair, Reproduction of Cells
(structure of your body), produces enzymes,
hormones, antibodies.
B.) Carbohydrates: Prevents nutrient overloading and
regulates calcium
C.) Fats: Energy source.
D.) Vitamins: Prevents diseases, regulates body
processes, and needed for chemical reactions.
E.) Minerals: Needed for bones and teeth, blood and
other tissues
F.) Water: To dissolve substances in blood, tissue fluid,
biochemical reactions.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Which of the following is incorrect?
A.) Protein: Growth, Repair, Reproduction of Cells
(structure of your body), produces enzymes,
hormones, antibodies.
B.) Carbohydrates: Prevents nutrient overloading and
regulates calcium
C.) Fats: Energy source.
D.) Vitamins: Prevents diseases, regulates body
processes, and needed for chemical reactions.
E.) Minerals: Needed for bones and teeth, blood and
other tissues
F.) Water: To dissolve substances in blood, tissue fluid,
biochemical reactions.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Which of the following is incorrect?
A.) Protein: Growth, Repair, Reproduction of Cells
(structure of your body), produces enzymes,
hormones, antibodies.
B.) Carbohydrates: Prevents nutrient overloading and
regulates calcium.
C.) Fats: Energy source.
D.) Vitamins: Prevents diseases, regulates body
processes, and needed for chemical reactions.
E.) Minerals: Needed for bones and teeth, blood and
other tissues
F.) Water: To dissolve substances in blood, tissue fluid,
biochemical reactions.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Which of the following is incorrect?
A.) Protein: Growth, Repair, Reproduction of Cells
(structure of your body), produces enzymes,
hormones, antibodies.
B.) Carbohydrates: Prevents nutrient overloading and
regulates calcium.
C.) Fats: Energy source.
D.) Vitamins: Prevents diseases, regulates body
processes, and needed for chemical reactions.
E.) Minerals: Needed for bones and teeth, blood and
other tissues
F.) Water: To dissolve substances in blood, tissue fluid,
biochemical reactions.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Which of the following is incorrect?
A.) Protein: Growth, Repair, Reproduction of Cells
(structure of your body), produces enzymes,
hormones, antibodies.
B.) Carbohydrates: Prevents nutrient overloading and
regulates calcium.
C.) Fats: Energy source.
D.) Vitamins: Prevents diseases, regulates body
processes, and needed for chemical reactions.
E.) Minerals: Needed for bones and teeth, blood and
other tissues
F.) Water: To dissolve substances in blood, tissue fluid,
biochemical reactions.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Which of the following is incorrect?
A.) Protein: Growth, Repair, Reproduction of Cells
(structure of your body), produces enzymes,
hormones, antibodies.
B.) Carbohydrates: Prevents nutrient overloading and
regulates calcium.
C.) Fats: Energy source.
D.) Vitamins: Prevents diseases, regulates body
processes, and needed for chemical reactions.
E.) Minerals: Needed for bones and teeth, blood and
other tissues.
F.) Water: To dissolve substances in blood, tissue fluid,
biochemical reactions.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Which of the following is incorrect?
A.) Protein: Growth, Repair, Reproduction of Cells
(structure of your body), produces enzymes,
hormones, antibodies.
B.) Carbohydrates: Prevents nutrient overloading and
regulates calcium.
C.) Fats: Energy source.
D.) Vitamins: Prevents diseases, regulates body
processes, and needed for chemical reactions.
E.) Minerals: Needed for bones and teeth, blood and
other tissues.
F.) Water: To dissolve substances in blood, tissue fluid,
biochemical reactions.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Which of the following is incorrect? Answer is…
A.) Protein: Growth, Repair, Reproduction of Cells
(structure of your body), produces enzymes,
hormones, antibodies.
B.) Carbohydrates: Prevents nutrient overloading and
regulates calcium.
C.) Fats: Energy source.
D.) Vitamins: Prevents diseases, regulates body
processes, and needed for chemical reactions.
E.) Minerals: Needed for bones and teeth, blood and
other tissues.
F.) Water: To dissolve substances in blood, tissue fluid,
biochemical reactions.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Which of the following is incorrect? Answer is…
A.) Protein: Growth, Repair, Reproduction of Cells
(structure of your body), produces enzymes,
hormones, antibodies.
B.) Carbohydrates: Prevents nutrient overloading and
regulates calcium.
C.) Fats: Energy source.
D.) Vitamins: Prevents diseases, regulates body
processes, and needed for chemical reactions.
E.) Minerals: Needed for bones and teeth, blood and
other tissues.
F.) Water: To dissolve substances in blood, tissue fluid,
biochemical reactions.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Which of the following is incorrect? Answer is…
A.) Protein: Growth, Repair, Reproduction of Cells
(structure of your body), produces enzymes,
hormones, antibodies.
B.) Carbohydrates: Energy molecule and contains fiber.
C.) Fats: Energy source.
D.) Vitamins: Prevents diseases, regulates body
processes, and needed for chemical reactions.
E.) Minerals: Needed for bones and teeth, blood and
other tissues.
F.) Water: To dissolve substances in blood, tissue fluid,
biochemical reactions.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Calorie: Amount of energy that can be
obtained from nutrients.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• You’ve just completely bonked due to a
lack of energy.
– Which of the items below will give you a quick
burst of energy, and which will give you longer
lasting energy.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• You’ve just completely bonked due to a
lack of energy.
– Which of the items below will give you a quick
burst of energy, and which will give you longer
lasting energy.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• You’ve just completely bonked due to a
lack of energy.
– Which of the items below will give you a quick
burst of energy, and which will give you longer
lasting energy.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• You’ve just completely bonked due to a
lack of energy.
– Which of the items below will give you a quick
burst of energy, and which will give you longer
lasting energy.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• You’ve just completely bonked due to a
lack of energy.
– Which of the items below will give you a quick
burst of energy, and which will give you longer
lasting energy.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Digestion: The process of breaking food
down into nutrients.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Let’s discuss the mouth and salvia.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Saliva helps to moisten your food and
contains a chemical to begin the process
of digestion.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Ptyalin (ti´ah-lin): Chemical (Enzyme) in
saliva that breaks starches into sugars.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Chemical Digestion: Process of converting
food into chemical substances that can be
absorbed and used.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Digestive System Available Sheet
• Activity! Starting off the digestion process.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Starting off the digestion process.
• Students with food allergies should not
participate.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Starting off the digestion process.
• Students with food allergies should not
participate.
– Teacher to pass everyone a piece of bread.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Starting off the digestion process.
• Students with food allergies should not
participate.
– Teacher to pass everyone a piece of bread.
– Students place bread in mouth (Record taste
immediately in journal)
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Starting off the digestion process.
• Students with food allergies should not
participate.
– Teacher to pass everyone a piece of bread.
– Students place bread in mouth (Record taste
immediately in journal)
– Students allow salvia to moisten bread in
mouth and then begin chewing. (Record taste
in journal after chewing)
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• What happened?
• How did the taste change? Why?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Answer: Bread is a complex carbohydrate
(starch).
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Answer: Bread is a complex carbohydrate
(starch). The ptyalin in your saliva along
with your chewing broke the large sugar
molecules into smaller (more sweet) sugar
molecules.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Answer: Bread is a complex carbohydrate
(starch). The ptyalin in your saliva along
with your chewing broke the large sugar
molecules into smaller (more sweet) sugar
molecules.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Answer: Bread is a complex carbohydrate
(starch). The ptyalin in your saliva along
with your chewing broke the large sugar
molecules into smaller (more sweet) sugar
molecules.
Glucose
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Taste buds: The sensory organs that are
found on your tongue.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Taste buds: The sensory organs that are
found on your tongue.
Taste buds are part of the nervous
system but will be covered quickly
now. They will be addressed again
later.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Digestive System Available Sheet
• Activity! Sour Patch Kid.
– Place Sour Patch Kid in the four place of your
tongue. Which is the most sour?
2
1
3
1
4
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Sour Patch Kid.
– Place Sour Patch Kid in the four place of your
tongue. Which is the most sour?
2
1
3
1
4
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Sour Patch Kid.
– Place Sour Patch Kid in the four place of your
tongue. Which is the most sour?
2
1
1
4
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Sour Patch Kid.
– Place Sour Patch Kid in the four place of your
tongue. Which is the most sour?
2
1
1
4
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Sour Patch Kid.
– Place Sour Patch Kid in the four place of your
tongue. Which is the most sour?
1
1
4
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Sour Patch Kid.
– Place Sour Patch Kid in the four place of your
tongue. Which is the most sour?
1
1
4
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Sour Patch Kid.
– Place Sour Patch Kid in the four place of your
tongue. Which is the most sour?
1
1
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Sour Patch Kid.
– Place Sour Patch Kid in the four place of your
tongue. Which is the most sour?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Salt Water.
– Mix up a solution of table salt and warm
water. Have students dip a popsicle stick into
the solution and then test to see if the tip the
tongue picks up the salty taste.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Unsweetened Cocoa Powder
– Have students wet a new popsicle stick into
water and then dip it into a container of
unsweetened cocoa powder. Then test to see
if the back of the tongue picks up the bitter
taste.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Besides the chemical enzymes, what else
did you use to break down the piece of
bread?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Mechanical Digestion: Physically breaking
down the food.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Mechanical Digestion: Physically breaking
down the food.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Mechanical Digestion: Physically breaking
down the food.
orm
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Mechanical Digestion: Physically breaking
down the food.
orm
ollows
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Mechanical Digestion: Physically breaking
down the food.
orm
ollows
unction
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Mechanical Digestion: Physically breaking
down the food.
orm
ollows
unction
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Dentition
––––-
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Dentition
––––-
Covered here as it will relate to
how food is mechanically
broken down in the mouth
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Incisors = For cutting.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Practice snipping a carrot much
like a rabbit with your incisors.
– Grind the carrot with your back teeth / molars.
• A beaver must constantly wear down its
incisors or they will grow up into it’s brain
causing death.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Which teeth are the incisors in this
human?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Answer!
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Canines: For stabbing and killing, tearing
and piercing.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Canines: For stabbing and killing, tearing
and piercing.
Volunteer Needed
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Canines: For stabbing and killing, tearing
and piercing.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Canines: For stabbing and killing, tearing
and piercing.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• In some cases, canines have evolved so
they can be used for many purposes.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Walrus tusks are used as a mating symbol
to show dominance,
• Walrus tusks are used as a mating symbol
to show dominance,
• Walrus tusks are used as a mating symbol
to show dominance, aid in forming and
maintaining holes in the ice,
• Walrus tusks are used as a mating symbol
to show dominance, aid in forming and
maintaining holes in the ice,
• Walrus tusks are used as a mating symbol
to show dominance, aid in forming and
maintaining holes in the ice, and to climb
out of the water and on to the ice.
• Walrus tusks are used as a mating symbol
to show dominance, aid in forming and
maintaining holes in the ice, and to climb
out of the water and on to the ice.
• Carnivores sometimes have a large sagittal
crest for muscle attachment.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Carnivores sometimes have a large sagittal
crest for muscle attachment.
– Creates awesome crushing power.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Carnivores sometimes have a large sagittal
crest for muscle attachment.
– Creates awesome crushing power.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Zygomatic arch also allows muscles to
attach and provides strength to bite.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Where are the canines in this human?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Answer!
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Which cast member below has the largest
canines?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Answer! Count von Count
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
“Humans have
four canines.”
“Count them with
me.”
1
1
2
1
2
3
1
4
2
3
“That was fun.”
“Let’s do it
again.” “Even
louder this
time.”
“Humans have
four canines.”
“Count them with
me.”
1
1
2
1
2
3
1
4
2
3
“Very Good!”
“Now get back to
work.”
• Premolars: To crush and grind food.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Gum in school just this once.
– Chew a couple pieces of gum and make a large
wad (Don’t choke!). Make an imprint with your
premolars and canines.
– Make a quick sketch in your journal and label
each tooth.
• Molars: Larger, crushing and grinding
food.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Herbivore molars are designed to grind
and cut difficult plant material.
• Wisdom teeth, Large Molars for crushing.
Left over from when our primate ancestors
ate a plant diet of tough vegetation.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Diastema: A large gap between adjacent
teeth, normally between the incisors and
chewing teeth.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Please work with your table group
to match the colored teeth with their correct
name.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Is it a herbivore,
carnivore or omnivore?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! (Optional) Make your own tooth
impression in clay or with chewing gum.
– Please label your impression correctly on top
of a piece of paper.
– Incisors, Canines, Premolars, Molars.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• The Digestive System uses a combination
of mechanical and chemical means to
break down food.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Digestive System Available Sheet
• Activity! Eating an Apple.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Eating an Apple.
– Draw a before picture of the apple, and your
best guess of what the apple looks like after
35 number of chews to one swallow per bite.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Eating an Apple.
– Draw a before picture of the apple, and your
best guess of what the apple looks like after
35 number of chews to one swallow per bite.
– Open your mouth after 35 chews and have
neighbor draw apple.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Eating an Apple.
– Draw a before picture of the apple, and your
best guess of what the apple looks like after
35 number of chews to one swallow per bite.
– Open your mouth after 35 chews and have
neighbor draw apple.
– Everyone eat the apple. Was 35 chews per
bite too much or too little?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Chewing your food is an important part of
digestion.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Chewing your food is an important part of
digestion.
– Your stomach has no teeth.
– Chewing allows the chemical digestion
process to act on your food more easily.
– Relax and enjoy, take your time, chew often.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Chewing your food is an important part of
digestion.
– Your stomach has no teeth.
– Chewing allows the chemical digestion
process to act on your food more easily.
– Relax and enjoy, take your time, chew often.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Chewing your food is an important part of
digestion.
– Your stomach has no teeth
– Chewing allows the chemical digestion
process to act on your food more easily.
– Relax and enjoy, take your time, chew often.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! (Optional) Yummy Snack!
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! (Optional) Yummy Snack!
– Draw a (before) and then (after) sketch upon
completion.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! (Optional) Yummy Snack!
– Draw a (before) and then (after) sketch upon
completion.
– Each student receives a few graham crackers, slices of
banana, and clear plastic sandwich bag.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! (Optional) Yummy Snack!
– Draw a (before) and then (after) sketch upon
completion.
– Each student receives a few graham crackers, slices of
banana, and clear plastic sandwich bag.
– Teacher sprays inside of each bag with clean water
from squirt bottle. (Saliva)
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! (Optional) Yummy Snack!
– Draw a (before) and then (after) sketch upon
completion.
– Each student receives a few graham crackers, slices of
banana, and clear plastic sandwich bag.
– Teacher sprays inside of each bag with clean water
from squirt bottle. (Saliva)
– Students mix bag with hands (simulates chewing).
Draw end product. –Scoop out and enjoy!
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity Sheet! Creating your anatomy
resource book. GI Tract / Digestive System
– Please label all of the following. Use…
– http://www.getbodysmart.com/ap2/systems/tutori
al.html
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Pharynx: Part of the throat situated
immediately behind the mouth and nasal
cavity
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• What is this?
• When you swallow (reflex), your muscles
(tongue) move food into your throat and
cause your epiglottis to close.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• When you swallow (reflex), your muscles
(tongue) move food into your throat and
cause your epiglottis to close.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• When you swallow (reflex), your muscles
(tongue) move food into your throat and
cause your epiglottis to close.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• When you swallow (reflex), your muscles
(tongue) move food into your throat and
cause your epiglottis to close.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• When you swallow (reflex), your muscles
(tongue) move food into your throat and
cause your epiglottis to close.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• When you swallow (reflex), your muscles
(tongue) move food into your throat and
cause your epiglottis to close.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Esophagus: The tube that carries food from
the mouth to the stomach. (Smooth Muscle)
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• The esophagus is covered with a slimy
mucous that aids movement.
– (12 seconds to travel to stomach)
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Peristalsis: Waves of rhythmic muscular
contractions that push / move food.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Peristalsis: Waves of rhythmic muscular
contractions that push / move food.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Optional Activity! Teacher or volunteer
student swallows some food upside down.
– Peristalsis can move food against gravity.
– Please make item something that won’t cause
a choking hazard. (chew prior)
– Teacher or volunteer can lay over edge of
table or handstand.
• Video! Peristalsis in the antrum (Lower
part of stomach).
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o18UycWR
saA
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Going Golfing
– Class needs to move 5 golf ball through the
digestive track using peristalsis. Eyes Closed?
– Students form line one across from another.
– Wet hands and use dish soap for mucous.
- You can only squeeze hands.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Optional activity to peristalsis.
– Teacher to demonstrate moving a large
plastic egg or Whiffle Ball (bolus) through a
pantyhose with foot cut off.
• Note the action of peristalsis instead of gravity.
• Video! Choking and the Heimlich Maneuver
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tEIiEAn7b-U

Stomach: A saclike part of the alimentary
canal in which food is stored.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Stomach: A saclike part of the alimentary
canal in which food is stored.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Stomach: A saclike part of the alimentary
canal in which food is stored.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Cells in the stomach wall release a
chemical gastric juice (Pepsin – enzyme)
and thick slippery mucous to protect
stomach.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Cells in the stomach wall release a
chemical gastric juice (Pepsin – enzyme)
and thick slippery mucous to protect
stomach.
– Pepsin contains hydrochloric acid.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• The stomach churns the food (mechanical)
while the gastric juices break down the
food chemically. (Smooth Muscle)
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Heartburn / upset stomach is that acid
making its way up the esophagus.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Heartburn / upset stomach is that acid
making its way up the esophagus.
– Antacid tablets help to neutralize the acid with
a base.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Heartburn / upset stomach is that acid
making its way up the esophagus.
– Antacid tablets help to neutralize the acid with
a base.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Heartburn / upset stomach is that acid
making its way up the esophagus.
– Antacid tablets help to neutralize the acid with
a base.
Acid
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Heartburn / upset stomach is that acid
making its way up the esophagus.
– Antacid tablets help to neutralize the acid with
a base.
Acid
Base
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Heartburn / upset stomach is that acid
making its way up the esophagus.
– Antacid tablets help to neutralize the acid with
a base.
Acid
Base
Gastric Juices
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Follow-up to Activity for digestive system!
– Place small piece of chicken meat and bone
into a jar with vinegar.
– Take a similar size of meat and cut with a knife
into many pieces and place in another jaw
(simulated chewing)
– Add vinegar and cap jar and set aside until you
reach the digestion system / digestive juices.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• How is the piece of chicken looking?
– The meat should be broken down. The vinegar
is acidic (pH of 2.4-3.4).
– The pH of your stomach is about 1 (Acidic)
HCL
– Your small intestine is alkaline (pH 7.1) which is
better for the digestive enzymes.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Surface Area and Digestion?
– Did the piece of meat that was cut up into
several smaller pieces dissolve faster than the
meat that was not?
– Chewing helps to digest your food as the
chemicals in your stomach and intestine and
work on more of the food.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Surface Area and Digestion?
– Did the piece of meat that was cut up into
several smaller pieces dissolve faster than the
meat that was not?
– Chewing helps to digest your food as the
chemicals in your stomach and intestine and
work on more of the food.
Not chewed
Chewed
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• What does this tell us about our food.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• What does this tell us about our food.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Teacher Demonstration!
• Test the pH of vinegar with litmus paper.
– See how an antacid neutralizes acid. Place a
spoonful of Baking Soda (base) into the
vinegar (acid). Note reaction.
– Measure pH of baking soda and vinegar
product.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Teacher Demonstration!
• Test the pH of vinegar with litmus paper.
– See how an antacid neutralizes acid. Place a
spoonful of Baking Soda (base) into the
vinegar (acid). Note reaction.
– Measure pH of baking soda and vinegar
product.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• The Pyloric valve is a strong ring of
smooth muscle that lets food pass from
the stomach to the duodenum.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• How long does gum stay in your stomach
if you swallow it?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• How long does gum stay in your stomach
if you swallow it?
– A.) Your entire life?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• How long does gum stay in your stomach
if you swallow it?
– A.) Your entire life?
– B.) 7 years
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• How long does gum stay in your stomach
if you swallow it?
– A.) Your entire life?
– B.) 7 years
– C.) 7 months
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• How long does gum stay in your stomach
if you swallow it?
– A.) Your entire life?
– B.) 7 years
– C.) 7 months
– D.) A few hours
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• How long does gum stay in your stomach
if you swallow it?
– A.) Your entire life?
– B.) 7 years
– C.) 7 months
– D.) A few hours
– E.) It digests immediately
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• How long does gum stay in your stomach
if you swallow it?
– A.) Your entire life?
– B.) 7 years
– C.) 7 months
– D.) A few hours
– E.) It digests immediately
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• How long does gum stay in your stomach
if you swallow it?
– A.) Your entire life?
– B.) 7 years
– C.) 7 months
– D.) A few hours
– E.) It digests immediately
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
– Gum, like most materials, passes through
your stomach and into your intestine.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
– Gum, like most materials, passes through
your stomach and into your intestine. Some
parts of the gum are digested (sugars) while
the rest comes out the other end (resins).
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
– Gum, like most materials, passes through
your stomach and into your intestine. Some
parts of the gum are digested (sugars) while
the rest comes out the other end (resins).
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• From the stomach to the anus is known as
the Gastrointestinal Tract or GI Tract.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• From the stomach to the anus is known as
the Gastrointestinal Tract or GI Tract.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Step by step drawing of the
Digestive System.
“Can we label some
parts already?”
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! The GI Tract is about 12 meters
long (40 feet in male)
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! The GI Tract is about 12 meters
long (40 feet in male)
– Volunteer to wear baggy sweatshirt and
needs to stuff 10 meters of garden hose, and
two meters of wacky noodle into the
sweatshirt from just below chest to just above
waist.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Note how the GI Tract coils around so that
its incredible length can fit into an area so
small.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Note how the GI Tract coils around so that
its incredible length can fit into an area so
small.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Note how the GI Tract coils around so that
its incredible length can fit into an area so
small.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Note how the GI Tract coils around so that
its incredible length can fit into an area so
small.
orm
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Note how the GI Tract coils around so that
its incredible length can fit into an area so
small.
orm
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Note how the GI Tract coils around so that
its incredible length can fit into an area so
small.
orm
ollows
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Note how the GI Tract coils around so that
its incredible length can fit into an area so
small.
orm
ollows
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Note how the GI Tract coils around so that
its incredible length can fit into an area so
small.
orm
ollows
unction
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Note how the GI Tract coils around so that
its incredible length can fit into an area so
small.
orm
ollows
unction
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Duodenum: The beginning of the small
intestine.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Duodenum: The beginning of the small
intestine.
– Distributes bile
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Duodenum: The beginning of the small
intestine.
– Distributes bile (produced by the liver and
stored in the gall bladder),
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Duodenum: The beginning of the small
intestine.
– Distributes bile (produced by the liver and
stored in the gall bladder), pancreatic acids
(pancreas),
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Duodenum: The beginning of the small
intestine.
– Distributes bile (produced by the liver and
stored in the gall bladder), pancreatic acids
(pancreas), and other secretions to chemically
breakdown food.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Duodenum: The beginning of the small
intestine.
– Distributes bile (produced by the liver and
stored in the gall bladder), pancreatic acids
(pancreas), and other secretions to chemically
breakdown food.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Duodenum: The beginning of the small
intestine.
– Distributes bile (produced by the liver and
stored in the gall bladder), pancreatic acids
(pancreas), and other secretions to chemically
breakdown food.
Why not add all
of the digestive
enzymes here?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Duodenum: The beginning of the small
intestine.
– If the chemical enzymes were added at the
end of the GI tract the food would not be
broken down and absorption of nutrients
would be difficult.
Why not add all
of the digestive
enzymes here?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• The Human Body Systems and Health Topic
Units includes.
– A 13 Part 8,500 Slide PowerPoint roadmap.
– 40 page bundled homework package, modified version,
answer keys, homework rubric. All chronologically
follows slideshow.
– 56 Pages of unit notes that follow slideshow.
– 7 PowerPoint Review Games (1,400 Slides) with
answers and game sheet.
– 30 Worksheets that follow slideshow for classwork
– Crossword puzzles, games, rubrics, curriculum guide,
and much more.
– http://www.sciencepowerpoint.com/Human_Body_Syst
ems_and_Health_Topics_Unit.html
• More Units Available at…
Earth Science: The Soil Science and Glaciers Unit, The Geology Topics
Unit, The Astronomy Topics Unit, The Weather and Climate Unit, and The
Rivers and Water Quality Unit, The Water Molecule Unit.
Physical Science: The Laws of Motion and Machines Unit, The Atoms
and Periodic Table Unit, The Energy and the Environment Unit, and
Science Skills Unit.
Life Science: The Infectious Diseases Unit, The Cellular Biology Unit,
The DNA and Genetics Unit, The Life Topics Unit, The Plant Unit, The
Taxonomy and Classification Unit, Ecology: Feeding Levels Unit, Ecology:
Interactions Unit, Ecology: Abiotic Factors, The Evolution and Natural
Selection Unit, and The Human Body Systems and Health Topics Unit
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• PowerPoint Review Game: The Digestive
System
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Human Body Unit
Part
VI/XIII
The Digestive
System
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy