Chapter 20
PRESENTING INSIGHTS AND FINDINGS:
ORAL PRESENTATIONS
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Copyright © 2014 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Learning Objectives
Understand . . .
 The uses and differences between the types of
materials designed to support your points.
 How proficiency in research presentations
requires designing good visuals and knowing
how use them effectively.
 The importance of delivery to getting and
holding the audience’s attention.
20-2
Learning Objectives
Understand . . .
 Why practice is an essential ingredient to
success and how to do it.
 What needs to be assembled and checked to be
certain that arrangements for the occasion and
venue are ready.
20-3
Pull Quote
Listeners have one chance to hear your talk and
can’t “re-read” when they get confused. In many
situations, they have or will hear several talks on
the same day. Being clear is particularly
important if the audience can’t ask questions
during the talk.
Mark D. Hill,
professor of computer sciences and electrical
and computer engineering,
University of Wisconsin-Madison
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Oral
Presentation
and the
Research
Process
20-5
Model for
Presentation
Planning
20-6
Artistotle’s Proofs
20-7
Aristotle Proofs & the Presentation
Ethos
Pathos
Logos
20-8
Questions Guide the Plan
• Who makes up the audience?
Audience • What do they want to learn about?
• Why is this presentation occurring?
Content • How does it connect to the larger picture?
Venue
• When will the presentation take place?
• Where will the presentation take place?
20-9
Audience Analysis
Seven Questions to Understand Your Audience
•
Who are they?
•
Why are they here?
•
What keeps them up at night?
•
Why should they care about the presentation?
•
What do you want them to do?
•
Should you expect resistance?
•
How can you best reach them?
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Types of Learners
Visual
Auditory
Kinesthetic
20-11
Psychological
Principles
for Speakers
Selective
Perception
Primacy
Effect
Process
Meanings
Recency
Effect
Imaginative
Construction
Audience
Construct
Formation
20-12
Web-based Presentation Planning
20-13
Patterns of Organization
Topical
Spatial
Classification
Climax
Problem/Solution
Chronological
Past/present/future
20-14
Patterns of Organization
Past/present/future
Cause/effect/solution
Pros/Cons/Recommendation
Research Briefing
Motivated Sequence
Narrative
20-15
Facts
Support
Statistics
Story
Specific
Instance
Demonstration
Materials
Metaphor
Example
Analogy
Testimony
20-16
Support Material Checklist
Factor
Description
Relevant
Relevant to the point it is supporting
Appropriate
Fill the needs and style of the audience
Believable
Accurate, ethically sound and fairly presented
Timely
Workable with in presentation time limits
Variety
More than one type of support
Balanced
Between quantity and variety
Speaker Specific
Enhance speaker’s style of delivery & message
Stylistic
Benefits from analogies and metaphors
Simplicity
Statistics are understandable
Detail
Developed to point that audience can understand
20-17
Ten
Steps to
a Good
Story
Audience
Match
Appropriate
Language
Passionate
Delivery
Humorous
Shorts
Central
Point
Strong
Story
Tweet-sized
Punch
Personal
Experience
Fewer
Words
Vivid
20-18
Developing a Story
20-19
Developing a Story
20-20
Developing a Story
20-21
The Oral
Presentation
and the
Research
Process
20-22
Visualization Tools
Slides
Notes
Handouts
20-23
Psychological
Principles
of
Visualization
Perceptual
Organization
Relevance
Appropriate
Knowledge
Discriminability
Capacity
limitations
Salience
Informative
Changes
20-24
Visual Design Principles
Visual Preparation
Flow Aids
Visibility
Whitespace
Picture Supremacy
Photographic Framing
20-25
Visual Design Principles
Contrast
Relationship
Simplicity
Clarity
20-26
Design Flow Aids
20-27
Graphs for
Orals
20-28
Graphs for
Orals
20-29
Simplifying Visuals
20-30
Simplifying Visuals
20-31
Simplifying Visuals
20-32
Rx for Better Slides
Low Word Count
Avoid Slideuments
Keep it Simple
10-20-30 Rule
Large Font Size
Bullets in Moderation
20-33
Presentation Aids: Key Word Prompts
20-34
Jargon
Clearer Meaning
Swim lane
Avoid
Jargon
SWAT team
Leverage knowledge
capital
Peel the onion
Ocular inspection
Hard stop
Move the needle
Reinvent the flat tire
Relanguage
Low hanging fruit
20-35
Avoid
Jargon
Jargon
Clearer Meaning
Swim lane
Specific responsibility
SWAT team
Group of experts assembled
to solve a problem or tackle
an opportunity
Leverage knowledge
capital
Steal someone’s idea
Peel the onion
Delve into a problem one
aspect at a time
Ocular inspection
Look at carefully
Hard stop
Definite ending time
Move the needle
Generate a reaction
Reinvent the flat tire
Repeatedly make a mistake
Relanguage
Reword or rewrite
Low hanging fruit
Easily Accomplished
20-36
Modes of Delivery
Impromptu
Memorized
Manuscript Reading
Extemporaneous
20-37
Delivery Principles
Avoid Clutter
Reduce Jargon
Align Non-Verbal
Communication
Practice
20-38
Non Verbal Admonitions for a Speaker
Eye Contact
Gestures
Posture & Body Language
Paralanguage
20-39
Causes of Anxiety
Perceiving audience as judges
Possibility of visible failure
Needing to avoid failure
Uncertainty of ability to do well
Focus on own behavior & appearance
20-40
Anxiety Coping Strategies
Reduce imagined audience power
Think positive, not negative, outcomes
Put performance in perspective
Control your own performance
Increase knowledge of audience
20-41
Speaker Behaviors to Avoid
Vocal
Physical
•Speak too softly
•Rock back and forth
•Speak too rapidly
•Pace without purpose
•Fail to vary volume, tone,
•Fiddle with things, hair,
and rate of speaking
•Fill pauses with you
know, um, ah
jewelry, clothing
•Stare into space
•Fail to make eye contact
•Move cursor without
purpose.
20-42
Arrangements
Equipment
Facilities
Visual Projection
20-43
Arrangements
Meeting
Room
Seating
Lighting
Facilities
Temperatur
e
Electrical
Power
Lectern
20-44
Arrangements
Size
Brightness
Visibility
Visual
Projectio
n
Barriers
Projection
20-45
Microphone
Arrangements
Electronic
whiteboards
LCD
projector
Equipment
Flipcharts
/posters
Video
Video
conferencing
/Webinars
20-46
Key Terms
 analogy
 enthymeme
 audience analysis
 ethos
 auditory learners
 example
 clarity
 expert opinion
 contrast
 extemporaneous
 compatibility
presentation
 eye contact
 Fact
 clutter
 demonstration
20-47
Key Terms
 flow aids
 metaphor
 gestures
 motivated sequence
 impromptu speaking
 narrative pattern
 jargon
 nonverbal
 kinesthetic learners
communication
 paralanguage
 pathos
 performance anxiety
 logos
 manuscript reading
 memorization
20-48
Key Terms
 photographic framing
 principle of
 posture and body
orientation
 primacy effect
 principle of appropriate
knowledge
 principle of capacity
limitations




discriminability
principle of informative
changes
principle of perceptual
organization
principle of relevance
principle of salience
20-49
Key Terms
 recency effect
 specific instance
 relationship
 statistics
 research briefing
 stories
 rule of three
 10-minute rule
 rule of thirds
 testimony
 script
 three-point speech
 simplicity
 visibility
 speaker note cards
 visualization
20-50
Key Terms
 visual learners
 Web-delivered
 visual preparation
presentation
 whitespace
20-51
Chapter 20
ADDITIONAL DISCUSSION OPPORTUNITIES
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Copyright © 2014 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Snapshot: Culture of Reporting
Craft the message to fit the client.
Deliver negatives with politeness,
sensitivity.
Deliver puzzling findings with clarity.
20-53
Snapshot: Overcoming Jitters
Public speaking is a top fear.
Anticipate your speech mentally,
physically, logistically.
Prepare 3 hours for 30-minute
speech.
Meet all (small group) or some
(large group) of your audience.
Memorize opening and closing to
cement audience rapport.
20-54
PicProfile: Pictograph
20-55
Research Thought Leader
“Thanks to the vast improvements in technology,
the time is right for companies to include
completely virtual meeting options as part of
their overall meetings strategy.
Chris Gaia,
vice president of marketing-travel division Maritz
20-56
PulsePoint: Research Revelation
15
The percent of less information that is
delivered verbally when using a
PowerPoint presentation
20-57
Chapter 20
PRESENTING INSIGHTS AND FINDINGS:
ORAL PRESENTATIONS
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Copyright © 2014 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Photo Attributions
Slide Source
23 Purestock/SuperStock
26 ©Pamela S. Schindler
38 Purestock/SuperStock
39 Purestock/SuperStock
40 ©Image Source/Corbis
41 Ryan mcVay/Getty Images
53 Noel Hendrickson/Getty Images
54 ©Image Source/Corbis
55 ©Pamela S. Schindler
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