BIOLOGY MIDTERM REVIEW
Chapter 1: What is Biology? (pp. 2-33)
- List and explain the parts of the Scientific Method
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- Explain each of the following parts of an experiment:
Independent variable
Dependent variable
Constants
Control group
Experimental Group
- List 5 major safety practices in lab
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- Be able to convert between metric units. What is the pneumonic to remember the prefixes?
- What are the 4 Basic units of measurement in the Metric system, and what do they measure?
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- Explain the 7 characteristics of living things we discussed in class
- Explain/identify the 10 levels of organization we discussed in class starting with molecules
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ADDITIONAL VOCABULARY:
hypothesis
theory
homeostasis
metabolism
Chapter 18: Classification (pp. 446-465)
- What are the 4 main reasons to classify?
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- By what kind of characteristics were organisms originally classified?
- What was Linneaus' system? What problems did he fix?
- What is binomial nomenclature? What was Linneaus' hierarchy? (remember the pneumonic!)
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- What are the modern levels of classification? (include the new level)
- Explain the modern ways of classifying (explain cladograms and molecular clocks)
- How many Kingdoms are there? How many Domains?
- What are the main characteristics of each of the Kingdoms?
- Be able to use dichotomous keys and cladograms
ADDITIONAL VOCABULARY:
taxonomy
genus
taxon
evolutionary classification
derived characteristics
Chapter 2: The Nature of Matter (pp. 35-57)
- What are the three subatomic particles of an atom? What are their characteristics? Where are
they found in the atom?
- What are isotopes?
- What are ions?
- What are elements?
- What are compounds?
- How are ionic and covalent bonds the same? How are they different?
- What is polarity?
- What are solutions/suspensions?
- What is pH?
- What are acids? Bases?
- What is a buffer? (remember all three parts of the definition!)
Fill in the following chart: (USE THE CHART FROM CLASS!!!)
Organic compound
Monomer
Elements
Carbohydrate
Lipid
Protein
Nucleic acid
- Give functions and examples of each of the 4 organic molecules listed in the last question
Molecule
Function
- What are enzymes?
- What is activation energy?
Example
- What is an exergonic reaction? An endergonic reaction?
ADDITIONAL VOCABULARY:
atom
atomic number
atomic mass
nucleus
cohesion
adhesion
mixture
solvent
solute
reactant
product
substrate
Chapter 7: Cell Structure and Function (pp 168-197)
- What are the three parts of the cell theory?
- Who were the scientists involved in biogenesis/abiogenesis? What did they do? Who was for
abio? Who was for bio?
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- Who were the scientists involved in the development of the cell theory? What was their
contributions?
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- Who do you determine total magnification of a microscope if you have an eyepiece of 10X, and
objectives of 4X, 10X, and 40X? What are those lenses named?
- What are the similarities/differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
- What are the similarities/differences between plants and animals?
- What are the functions of the main organelles we studied?
- cell membrane
- cell wall
- nucleus
- cytoplasm
-chromosomes
- nucleolus
- ribosomes
- rough endoplasmic reticulum
- smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- golgi bodies
- lysosomes
- vacuoles
- chloroplasts
- mitochondria
- Explain the 6 ways of getting things in/out of cells. What is unique about each one? (USE THE
CHART FROM NOTES!!!!!)
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- What are the different solutions (isotonic, hypertonic, hypotonic) and what happens to cells in
those solutions?
- Why aren't cells the size of a basketball? (two main reasons) Explain
Chapter 10: Cell Growth (pp. 241-257)
- What is interphase? Describe the three parts of it.
- Explain the 4 parts of MITOSIS. Draw a picture of each phase as you explain
- What do cyclins do? What do internal cyclins regulate? What do external cyclins regulate?
- What happens when regulation no longer works?
Chapter 8: Energy and Life (pp 200-219)
- What are autotrophs? What are heterotrophs?
- What is ATP? Where is its energy stored? How is its energy released?
- What is NADPH? Where is its energy stored?
- What is a pigment? What pigment makes plants green?
- What is important about absorbed light? What kind of light do plants absorb?
- What is the equation for photosynthesis?
- What happens during the light dependent reactions? Where in the chloroplast does it take
place?
- What happens during the Calvin Cycle? Where in the chloroplast does it take place?
KEEP IN MIND: THIS IS INTENDED FOR REMINDING YOU OF THINGS WE HAVE COVERED.
IT IS NOT INCLUSIVE. LOOK OVER NOTEBOOK (OLD WORKSHEETS, NOTES, VOCAB, TESTS
QUIZZES, LABS) ALL MATERIAL IS FAIR GAME!!