psychology: making connections

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PSYCHOLOGY:

MAKING CONNECTIONS

GREGORY J. FEIST

ERIKA L. ROSENBERG

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Inc.

Intelligence,

Problem-Solving, and

Creativity

Chapter Ten

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Inc.

Intelligence

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Inc.

Defining Intelligence

Set of cognitive skills that includes abstract thinking, reasoning, problem solving, and the ability to acquire knowledge

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Inc.

Theories of Intelligence

Intelligence as multiple abilities

– Raymond Cattell

– Multiple-factor theory of intelligence

Fluid intelligence

– Raw mental ability

Crystallized intelligence

– Knowledge from experience, learning, education, and practice

Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies,

Inc.

Theories of Intelligence

Intelligence as multiple abilities

– John Carroll (1993)

General intelligence

Broad intelligence

Narrow intelligence

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Inc.

Theories of Intelligence

Intelligence as multiple abilities

– Robert Sternberg

– Triarchic theory of intelligence

Includes analytic, creative, and practical intelligence

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Theories of Intelligence

Intelligence as multiple abilities

– Howard Gardner

– Eight capacities

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Measures of Intelligence

Reliability

– Consistency of a measurement

Validity

– Degree to which a test accurately measures what is purports to measure

Construct validity

Predictive validity

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Extremes of Intelligence

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Extremes of Intelligence

Mental retardation

– Significant limitations in intellectual functioning

– I.Q. of 70 or below

– Adaptive behavior

– Down syndrome

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Extremes of Intelligence

Giftedness

– High end of the intelligence spectrum

– IQ of 130-140 or above

Prodigy

Savant syndrome

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Problem Solving

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Types of Problems

Convergent thinking problems

– Have known solutions

– Require analytical thinking

Divergent thinking problems

– Have no known solutions

– Require novel solutions

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Creativity

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What is Creativity?

Thinking and/or behavior that is both novel-original and useful-adaptive

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Genius, Intelligence, and

Creativity

Genius is closely related to creativity in that it combines high intelligence with achievements that change entire fields such as art, technology, music, science, and business

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Creativity and the Brain

Creative insight and the Right

Hemisphere

– Insights occur more in the right hemisphere than in the left hemisphere

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Creativity and Balanced

Activity Between the

Hemispheres

Creative people solving creative problems show more balanced activity between their right and left frontal lobes than less than creative people

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Cognitive Processes in

Creative Thinking

Ideational fluency

– Ability to produce many ideas

Flexibility of thought

– Ability to come up with many different categories of ideas and think of other responses besides the obvious

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The Creative Personality

Personality traits shared by creative artists and scientists

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