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 Norm-referenced assessment
 Criterion-referenced assessment
 Domain-referenced assessment
 Diagnostic assessment
 Formative assessment
 Summative assessment
 Ipsative assessment
 Authentic assessment
 Performance assessment
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 Formative assessment

pinpoints whether students have achieved the
objective of the lesson taught. it’s main purpose is to
determine the gap between the intended objective and
actual student’s performance.
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Types of Formative Assessment
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 Question and Answer in the Lesson
 Short Tests and Quizzes
 Homework Exercises
 Observation of Performance
 Assignments
 Projects
 Written Questions / Exercises with Short, Extended
or Multiple-choice Answers
 Simulations, Business Games
 Conferencing / Reviews / Audit
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Examples of formative assessments include asking
students to:
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 draw a concept map in class to represent their
understanding of a topic
 submit one or two sentences identifying the main
point of a lecture
 turn in a research proposal for early feedback
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 Summative assessment

considered as the terminal assessment of learning. the
main purpose of this is to give rating or grades to
students based on their performance or achievement.
This provides data on what students have achieved in a
given period of time.
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Examples of summative assessments include:
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 a midterm exam
 a final project
 a paper
 a senior recital
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 Ipsative assessment

refers to the process of self-assessment. One of the
principles of evaluation states that, “evaluation should
provide for self-assessment.”
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 Authentic assessment

determines what students can actually do in real-life
situations rather than using some easy-to-score
responses to questions
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 For example, consider the difference between asking
students to identify all the metaphors in a story and
asking them to discuss why the author used
particular metaphors and what effect they had on the
story. In the latter case, students must put their
knowledge and skills to work just as they might do
naturally in or out of school.
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Assessment
Description
Advantages
Oral Interviews
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Teacher asks students
questions about personal
background, activities,
readings,
and interests
# Informal and relaxed
context
# Conducted over successive
days
with each student
# Record observations on an
interview guide
Story or Test Retelling
Students retell main ideas or
selected details of text
experienced through
listening or
reading
# Student produces oral
report
# Can be scored on content
or
language components
# Scored with rubric or
rating scale
# Can determine reading
comprehension, reading
strategies,
and language development
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Writing Samples
Students generate
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narrative,
expository, persuasive,
or
reference paper
# Student produces
written document
# Can be scored on
content or
language components
# Scored with rubric or
rating scale
# Can determine writing
processes
Projects/
Exhibitions
Students complete project in
content area, working
individually or in pairs
# Students make formal
presentation,
written report, or both
# Can observe oral and
written
products and thinking skills
# Scored with rubric or
rating scale
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Experiments/
Demonstrations
Students complete
experiment
or demonstrate use of
materials
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# Students make oral
presentation,
written report, or both
# Can observe oral and
written
products and thinking
skills
# Scored with rubric or
rating scale
Constructed-Response
Items
Students respond in writing to
open-ended questions
# Student produces written
report
# Usually scored on
substantive
information and thinking
skills
# Scored with rubric or rating
scale
Teacher Observations
Teacher observes student
attention, response to
instructional materials, or
interactions with other
students
# Setting is classroom
environment
# Takes little time
# Record observations with
anecdotal
notes or rating scales
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Portfolios
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Focused collection of
student
work to show
progress over time
# Integrates
information from a
number of sources
# Gives overall picture
of student
performance and
learning
# Strong student
involvement and
commitment
# Calls for student
self-assessment
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 Performance assessment

is undertaken to determine whether students can
demonstrate their learning through performance in real
or simulated situations
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Examples of Performance Assessments
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 Group Projects
 Written Assessments
 Demonstrations
 Portfolios
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