~ High Renaissance masters lots of the freshness
and charming naivete which had been hallmarks of
early struggles.
• Recognize the achievements of individual artists
of the High Renaissance.
• Explore the development of sculpture and
architecture.
• Examine the classical and expressive
developments in architecture during the High
Renaissance.
Painting
In sixteenth-century paintings
there are fewer figures , and they
express abstract qualities rather
that individualized emotion.
Leonardo da Vinci (1451-1519)
~ Born in a small town of
Vinci near Florence
~ First Studied in Milan
~ Super master of line,
Pioneer of Sfumato
(“Smokey”) , inventor,
naturalist, and painter of
the soul’s intent .
Leonardo DaVinci,
Mona Lisa (1503 -1505)
Oil on Wood
Atmospheric Perspective
(Background is duller and
lighter) – “Sfumato”
Symbol of Western Art
(most recognized painting)
Mystery
(Who is she? Why is she
smiling?
Painting Cropped in Size Oil
on Wood
RETOUCHED VERSION: Leonardo da Vinci, The Last Supper, c.
1495-1498, Tempera Wall Mural, Santa Maria della Grazie, Milan
“One of you shall betray me”
DaVinci
experimented with
different
techniques for
painting on wall
(not fresco)
Triangle Composition
in Center
One Point/Linear
Perspective
Synthesis of 15th Artistic
Developments
-Perspective
-Light and Dark
-Triangle Composition
-Realistic Anatomy of
Humans
Leonardo da Vinci
Virgin and Child with St.
Anne and the Infant St.
John
1505-1507
Drawing (Charcoal and
white chalk on brown
paper)
Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino
simply known as ”Raphael”
(1483 – 1520)
~ Trained in Umbria by Perugino (Christ
Delivering the Keys the Kingdom to Saint Peter)
~ Young master moved to Rome; influenced by
Bramante
~ Absorbed elements of the work of Leonardo and
Michelangelo to create his own unique style
~ Talented, popular, and beloved artist who died
young (entombed in the Pantheon) 13
RAPHAEL, Philosophy (School of Athens), Stanza della Segnatura,
Vatican Palace, Rome, Italy, 1509–1511. Fresco, 19’ x 27’. 16
RAPHAEL SANZIO: Sistine Madonna. Gallery, Dresden. (15131514) Oil on canvas. 104 x 77in (265x196cm) Gemäldegalerie Alte
Meister, Dresden.
Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni
commonly known as ”Michelangelo”
(1475-1564)
~ Study Michelangelo’s Pieta and its
significant features
~ Examine the formal references to classical
antiquity in Michelangelo’s David.
~ Examine Michelangelo’s humanistic
interpretation of the Sistine Chapel ceiling
paintings, especially in the Creation of Adam.
~ Realize the popularity and longevity of
Michelangelo resulted in his involvement in
many other projects often simultaneously
~ Notice differences in the mature work of
Michelangelo
Holy Family
Sistine Chapel (exterior)
Sistine Chapel, constructed from (1477-1480),
Vatican City, Rome (Interior)
Sistine Chapel, constructed from 1477-1480,
Vatican City, Rome (Ceiling)
Michelangelo, Creation of Adam, 1508-1512, Fresco
(4th center panel from the entrance),
Sistine Chapel, Vatican
Venetian Painters
• Grounding their art in the senses, they appealed to the
eye and the spirit through brilliant color, glowing light,
and the beauties of nature.
• Long ties with Byzantium had left a lingering
preference for gold mosaics and icon like images of the
Virgin
• Its wealthy and independent citizens were well able to
indulge their love of oriental luxuries.
• The most decorative element is color
Giovanni Bellini (1430-1516)
• Who was the first painter to attempt
harmony through the use of color.
Giorgione (1478-1511)
• Who might be called the inventor
of Italian genre painting.
Theme of Peacefulness /
Tranquility
References to Poetry /
Literature / Humanism
• Shepherd symbolizes the
poet
• Pipes and Lute (musical
instruments) symbolize
poems
• Two women are “muses”
for inspiration
GIORGIONE: The Open Air Concert.
Louvre, Paris
Tiziano Vecelli or Tiziano Vecellio
known in English as ”Titian”
(1477-1576)
~ The most versatile of Italian
painters
~ Equally adept with portraits,
landscape backgrounds, and
mythological and religious subjects.
~ Titian had softly textured, rich
material In his work.
Reference to Classical
Roman Mythology
Venus – Roman
Goddess of Love and
Beauty
Symbol of Beauty
Color used to organize
the composition (Red
in foreground and in
skirt in background) – Titian, Venus of Urbino, 1538, Oil on Canvas
Diagonal Movement
Sculpture and Architecture
Made his first reputation as a
sculptor and always called
himself a sculptor
Two pieces of sculptor best represent his High Renaissance
St. Peter
The High Renaissance characterized by the
grandeur and monumentality of the Roman
DONATO D’ANGELO
BRAMANTE (1444-1514)
-Was a greatest architect,
although few of his buildings
survive .
- innovative central-plan
designs based on classical
sources (influence of Roman
circular temples), and the
beginning of new St. Peter’s in
Rome
Tempietto
DONATO D’ANGELO BRAMANTE, plan for the new Saint
Peter’s, the Vatican, Rome, Italy, 1505. (1) dome, (2) apse. 31
MICHELANGELO BUONARROTI, plan for Saint
Peter’s, Vatican City, Rome,Italy, 1546. (1) dome, (2) apse,
(3) portico
Villa d’Este at Tivolli
Music
The calm, ethereal beauty of the a cappella style of polyphony
in the High Renaissance is the crowning achievement of some
six hundred years of effort by Countless musicians in England,
France, The Low Countries and Italy
The Two Chief Forms of Church Music
1. Motet
2. Mass
Orlande de Lassus
Composer
Roland de Lassus was a Netherlandish or
Franco-Flemish composer of the late
Renaissance. He is today considered to be
the chief representative of the mature
polyphonic style of the Franco-Flemish
school, and one of the three most famous
and influential musicians in Europe at the
end of the 16th century (the other two
being Palestrina and Victoria).
Born: 1532, Mons, Belgium
Died: June 14, 1594, Munich, Germany
Albums: La Quinta essentia (Huelgas
Ensemble, conductor: Paul van Nevel)
Literature Two prose works of the High Renaissance
should be knopwn to every educated person who is
interested in government and the arts
Effects of the Italian Renaissance on the West
Western Europe and England were slow to feel the
effects of the Renaissance for the number of reasons.
French was busy for a hundred years trying to expel the
English from French soil.
Another reason was a Gothic Spirits with all of
its Manifestation
Robert L. Delovoy of the Institute of Art And Archeology,
Brussels, Thinks that Burgundians used an Imaginary vertical line
through the center f the picture toward which pairs of lines on all
levels would coverage
Ghent Altar Piece
Claus Sluter (born 1340s in Haarlem died in 1405
or 1406, Dijon) was a sculptor of Dutch origin. He
was the most important northern European sculptor
of his age and is considered a pioneer of the
"northern realism" of the Early Netherlandish
painting that came into full flower with the work
of Jan van Eyck and others in the next generation.
Statue
of
Moses
The Mérode Altarpiece is a triptych by the Early
Netherlandish painter Robert Campin, although believed by
some to be by a follower, probably copying an original by
Campin. It is currently described by the Metropolitan as by
"Robert Campin and assistant". It was created after 1422, likely
between 1425 and 1428.
As arguably the finest Early Netherlandish work in New York,
and in North America after the Washington Van Eyck
Annunciation was acquired in 1939, it has become Campin's best
known work, helped by the undoubted charm of the domestic
setting and townscape outside the windows.
ENGLAND
The Renaissance ushered in England's Golden Ages of Music and Literature
Henry VIII
Elizabeth I
Poetry And Playwrights
Sir Philip Sydney(1554-1586) – wrote
his pastoral Areadia and penned Sonnet
To Penelope Devereaux.
Edmund Spenser (15521599) was a gifted poet and
had a fine classical
education. He labored for
twenty years on the Faerie
Queene, in which he tried to
combine elements of Homer,
Vigil, Ariosto, and Tasso.
MUSIC. Someone has said that England in this period
resembled a nest of signing birds, an apt these birds also
played instrument.
William
Bryd
(15421623). He
composed
the noblest
and most
devotional
church
music.
Thomas
Morely
(15571603).
Composed
beautiful
madrigals.
Orlando Gibbons (1583-1625). Composed
all kinds of keyboard music, and there are
dozens Elizabethan composers.
In 1603 was published a collection of
twenty-nine madrigals, called The
Triumphs of Oriana.