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Final Exam Study Guide
May 2012
Chapter 10
1. Annexation: one nation becoming a part of another nation
2. Who was the commander of the Alamo? William Travis
3. Why did Travis write his "Victory or Death" letter? to get more help
4. How many days was the siege of the Alamo? 13
5. How long did the Battle of the Alamo last? 90 minutes
6. What was the last battle of the Texas Revolution? Battle of San Jacinto
7. What is Texas Independence Day? March 2, 1836
8. What are the Treaties of Velasco? Surrender of Santa Anna and agreement that Texas was
free from Mexico
9. Who was the first president of the Republic of Texas? Sam Houston
Chapter 11
1. List 3 problems that the Republic Texas faced:
a. Mexico didn't want to recognize Texas' independence
b. Money
c. Indians
2. Sam Houston thought the best solution to the Republic of Texas' problems was: annexation
3. What was the main reason Texas wasn't annexed for 10 years? slavery
4. Who was more supportive of the Native Americans? Sam Houston or Mirabeau Lamar Houston
5. Why did the Indians resent the settlers? settlers came in and took away their land
6. Who was the 2nd president of the Republic of Texas? Mirabeau Lamar
7. What is Mirabeau Lamar's nickname? Father of Education
8. Texans went into a Mexican town called Mier (the Mier Expedition). Santa Anna ordered the one
out of 10 of the Texans put to death. How did he determine who would be put to death? man who
drew the black bean would be shot
9. What year was Texas finally annexed? 1845
Chapter 12
1. Once Texas became a state in the US, the first thing they had to do was to write a Constitution
2. List 5 provisions of the Constitution of 1845
a. homes couldn't be taken away to pay debt
b. ministers or priests couldn't serve in Legislature
c. settlers could bring slaves to Texas
d. women could own land
e. established 3 branches of government
3. Who was the first governor of the State of Texas? James Pickney Henderson
4. After Texas was annexed, Mexico started causing problems again. What is the Treaty that
finally ended the US-Mexican problems? Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
5. What is Manifest Destiny? idea that the US would get all land from Atlantic to Pacific Oceans
6. What was the Mexican cession? Mexico transferred land to US
7. Free State: state that doesn't allow slavery
8. Abolitionist: person who wants to abolish slavery
9. Who is the Great Compromiser? Henry Clay
10. What is the Compromise of 1850? Agreement to settle problems
11. List 6 provisions of the Compromise of 1850:
a. California became free state in US
b. New Mexico and Utah became territories
c, Slave trade abolished in Washington DC
d. Fugitive Slave Law went into effect
e. Texas gave up land in return for 10 million dollars
f. Texas and New Mexico Act went into effect
12. What is the Texas and New Mexico Act of 1850? established western borders of Texas;
present day borders
Chapter 13
1. What is the Frontier Line? line between civilization and Indians; I 35
2. Cash crop: crop grown for money
3. What was Texas' main cash crop? cotton
4. List 5 facts about Texas Governor Elisha M. Pease
a. one of Texas' most successful governors
b. supported permanent school fund
c. cleared state debt
d. started hospitals for mentally ill
e. started schools for the deaf
6. List 4 reasons why people wanted to come to Texas
a. land
b. sense of adventure
c. political freedom
d. problems in homeland (like potato famine in Ireland)
7. Where did most of the immigrants to Texas come from? Germany
8. What were the 2 Wedges of Separation?
a. slavery
b. state's rights
10. Secede: to withdraw formally
11. List 6 facts about slaves
a. no property rights
b. no legal rights of marriage and family
c. no way to gain their freedom
d. slave families could be sold or separated
e. could not vote
f. even poorest white person had more rights
12. What is the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854? allowed Kansas and Nebraska to decided if they
wanted slaves or not
Chapter 14
1. What was the goal of the Republican Party that was formed in 1854? stop the spread of slavery
2. Who won the election of 1860? Abraham Lincoln
3. What did the southern states threaten to do if a Republican was elected president in 1850?
secede
4. What was the first state to secede from the Union? South Carolina
5. What was the name of the new country that was formed when 11 states seceded from the
Union? The Confederate States of America or The Confederacy
6. Who was the first elected governor of the Confederate State of Texas? Francis R. Lubbock
7. When did the Civil War begin? April 1861
8. Why was Texas called the Storehouse of the Confederacy? supplied all of the food, weapons,
war supplies for the whole Confederacy
10. Name 4 battles that were fought in Texas during the Civil War
a. Battle of Galveston Island
b. Battle of Sabine Pass
c. Battle of Dove Creek
d. Battle of Palmito Ranch
11. What is significant about the Battle of Palmito Ranch? last battle of Civil War; fought after
war was officially over
12. Who was president of the Confederacy? Jefferson Davis
13. Who was president of the Union? Abraham Lincoln
14. Who was the Confederate general? Robert E. Lee
15. Who was the Union general? Ulysses S. Grant
16. When did the Civil War end? 1865
Chapter 15
1. What is Reconstruction? rebuilding of South in order to get back into the Union
2. What is the Emancipation Proclomation? degree by Pres Lincoln that freed all slaves
3. What is Juneteenth? June 19...the day all slaves were freed in Texas
4. 13th Amendment: abolished slavery; made slavery illegal
5. 14th Amendment: gave African Americans civil rights
6. 15th Amendment: African American men got right to vote
7. What were the Black Codes? codes/laws that said what blacks could/could not do
8. Veto: say no
9. What was the Ku Klux Klan? secret society to terrorize blacks
10. Who was governor of Texas when Texas was admitted back into the Union? Edmund Davis
Chapter 16
1. Who is Cynthia Ann Parker? white woman who was kidnapped when she was 9 and raised by
Comanches
2. Who was chief of the Comanches?
Quanah Parker
3. Who was the Kiowa chief? Satanta
4. Buffalo Hunters people who hunted buffalo only for their hides; left meat to rot
5. Buffalo Soldiers: African American fighters--in Civil War and against Indians
6. What happened at the Red River War (2nd Battle of Adobe Walls and Battle at Palo Duro
Canyon)? Indians were attacked, homes destroyed, supplies ruined, horses taken by white
soldiers...was war that finally forced Native Americans to reservations
Chapter 17
1. List 3 reasons why Longhorn Cattle can easily live in Texas:
a. used big horns to protect themselves
b. could get by with little food or water
c. could handle extremes in Texas weather...hot or cold
2. List 3 famous cattle trails
a. Chisholm Trail
b. Western Trail or Dodge City Trail
c. Pecos Trail or Goodnight-Loving Trail
3. List 4 large ranches in Texas
a. King Ranch
b. JA Ranch
c. Matador Ranch
d. XIT Ranch
4. Why was barbed wire good for ranchers? kept cattle in; separated ranches
5. Who invented barbed wire? Joseph Gliden
Chapter 18
1. Subsistence Farming: growing enough to feed your family
2. Barter: trade
3. Sharecroppers: farmers who paid rent in crops instead of cash
Chapter 20
1. Petroleum: oil
2. Reserve: discovered oil or gas still in the ground but hasn't been drilled yet
3. Patillo Higgins drilled Spindletop well in Beaumont, TX
4. Spindletop: first big oil discovery in Texas
5. Wildcatter: person who drills for oil even without knowing for sure oil is there
6. Columbus "Dad" Joiner: discovered East Texas Oil Field
7 East Texas Oil Field: large oil discovery; still drilling for oil there today
8. Amon G. Carter Texas oilman who left money for museum
9. What makes the rules and regulations for the oil industry in Texas? Texas Railroad Commission
Chapter 21
1. Reform: change
2. Poll Tax: tax people had to pay in order to vote
3. Prohibition prohibits alcohol
4. Temperance avoidance of alcohol
5. 18th Amendment prohibited alcohol; made it illegal
6. Suffrage right to vote
7. 19th Amendment gave women right to vote
8. Who was James Hogg? governor of Texas
9 Graduated Income Tax: amount of income tax a person pays depending on amount of money they
make
12. Impeach to bring formal charges of misconduct against a public official
Chapter 22
1. What year did World War 1 start? 1914
2. How did the Zimmerman Telegram help start World War l? made US mad because Germany
tried to bribe Mexico into invading US so that US would focus on that instead of joining WWl
2. What is Veteran's Day? The day WWl was over; November 11, 1918
3. 21st Amendment: repealed Prohibition
Chapter 23
1. What date did the Stock Market crash? October 29, 1929
2. What was that time in history called? The Great Depression
3. What is Black Blizzard? black dirt blowing so hard you couldn't see
4. What were the regions that had a long, dusty, draught called The Dust Bowl
5. What was the program called that helped people get jobs during the Great Depression? The
New Deal
6. Centennial: 100 year celebration
7. What finally ended the Great Depression World War ll
8. What were the years of World War ll? 1939-1945
9. What caused the US to get into World War ll? Japan dropped bomb on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
10. Audie Murphy most decorated soldier in World War ll; became actor
11. Name 3 World War ll heroes from Texas
a. Dwight D. Eisenhower
b. Admiral Chester W. Nimitz
c. Oveta Culp Hobby
Texas Government
1. Name the 3 branches of Government and tell what they do
a. Legislative--makes laws
b. Executive--governor, lieutenant governor
c. Judicial--courts; judges
2. The highest official in Texas is called the Governor
3. The 2nd highest official in Texas is called the Lieutenant Governor
4. Texas lawmakers only meet every 2 years
5. What is the constitution that Texas uses today? Constitution of 1876
6. If a problem comes up and Texas law makers need to meet, the governor can call a Special
Session
7. Texas must operate on a balanced budget
8. Balanced Budget: what you spend is equal to or less than money you make
9. Deficit: debt
10. Popular Sovereignty: government ruled by the people
11. List 2 main ways that Texas gets money for the state
a. taxes (largest tax is sales tax)
b. money from federal government