Blood Typing Lab
Whodunit?
Blood typing
• What’s your blood type? O+
• ABO and Rh are totally independent of
each other
ABO Antigens and Antibodies
Surface
Antibodies
Antigens
A
A
Anti-B
B
B
Anti-A
AB
A, B
none
O
none
Anti-A
Anti-B
The Rh Factor
• Also called D
antigen
• Either Rh positive
(Rh+) or Rh
negative (Rh-)
• Only sensitized Rh
blood has anti-Rh
antibodies
Surface AntiboAntigens
dies
Rh+ Rh factor
Rh- none
none
none
Rh- none
Sens
Anti Rh
Blood Types
• Genetically determined cell surface
markers (antigens) on RBCs, including
– ABO group – glycolipids on RBC surface
– Rh factor – membrane protein
4 Basic Blood Types
•
•
•
•
A has surface antigen A
B has surface antigen B
AB has both antigens A and B
O has neither A nor B
•
•
•
•
A has type B antibodies
B has type A antibodies
O has both A and B antibodies
AB has neither A nor B antibodies
4 Basic Blood Types
• Antigens also called agglutinogens
• Antibodies called agglutinins
Figure 19–6a
ABO Antigens and Antibodies
Surface
Antibodies
Antigens
A
A
Anti-B
B
B
Anti-A
AB
A, B
none
O
none
Anti-A
Anti-B
The Rh Factor
• Also called D
antigen
• Either Rh positive
(Rh+) or Rh
negative (Rh-)
• Only sensitized Rh
blood has anti-Rh
antibodies
Surface AntiboAntigens
dies
Rh+ Rh factor
Rh- none
none
none
Rh- none
Sens
Anti Rh
Blood type questions
• Which blood type is the best in emergency
settings (hint: which type can be given to
anyone?)
• Which blood type is the lucky one that can
receive blood from any donor?
Cross-Reaction
Figure 19–6b
Cross-Reaction
• If donor and recipient blood types not
compatible:
– Plasma antibody meets its specific surface
antigen and blood will agglutinate and
hemolyze
Blood Type Test
• Determines blood type and compatibility
Figure 19–7
Cross-Match Test
• Performed on donor and recipient blood
for compatibility to blood surface antigens
other than ABO and Rh
Blood typing procedures
• Skip part A
• Part B: 6 trays with three wells each
Victim
A
Crime scene
B
Rh
Suspect 2
A
B
A
B
Suspect 1
Rh
Suspect 3
Rh
A
6 Bottles of “blood”
B
A
B
Rh
Suspect 4
Rh
A
B
Rh
3 Bottles of antibodies
Blood Typing Procedures
• For each well Place 1-2 drops of blood from one
bottle in all 3 wells
–
–
–
–
–
–
1-2 drops of crime scene in each of the three wells
1-2 drops of victim in each of the three wells
1-2 drops of suspect 1 in each of the three wells
1-2 drops of suspect 2 in each of the three wells
1-2 drops of suspect 3 in each of the three wells
1-2 drops of suspect 4 in in each of the three wells
• For each tray add:
– 1-3 drops of anti-A serum to one well and stir
– 1-3 drops of anti-B serum to one well and stir
– 1-3 drops of anti-Rh serum to one well and stir
Look for clumping reaction
Blood type?
• What is the blood type? x = clumping rxn.
A
X
B
Rh
X
• Next question: what antibodies does this
person have in their blood?
To turn in
• Lab report pages 5 and 6 with completed
table and questions
• Due next Thursday