Biology 2:
Blood Cross Lab Report
Audrey Farnsworth
4B
Introduction:
During this blood cross lab we will be performing actual blood typing procedures
and while we are doing those procedures we will be looking for antigen/ antibody
reaction in the simulated blood. When we are looking for the change we will also be
able to determine the ABO and RH blood type of our 4 unknown samples of fake
blood. Another task will be able to estimate the number of erythrocytes and
leukocytes in normal blood. Coming away from this process we should be able to
know and understand requirements for blood transfusions.
MATERIALS
Materials needed per group:
Listed below are the following materials needed in this blood cross lab for each
group.
- 4 Blood typing slides
- 12 Toothpicks
- 1 Microscope slide, along with 1 coverslip.
- Compound microscope (400x magnification) maker.
Shared Materials:
Below is a list of shared materials throughout the class that you will need.
- 4 Unknown blood samples:
- Mr. Smith
- Mr. Jones
- Mr. Green
- Ms. Brown
Simulated Anti-A Serum, Simulated Anti-B Serum, Simulated Anti-Rh Serum, for the
blood samples you only need 3 drops of blood from each sample of blood.
PROCEDURE
Follow the steps below:
Part A: ABO and Rh Blood Typing
1) First you label each of the blood typing slides:
Example: Slide #1: Mr. Smith
2) Place three drops of Mr. Smith’s blood in each of the A, B, and Rh wells of slide 1
3) Repeat step 2 but with Mr. Jones’s blood.
4) Repeat step 2 but with Mr. Green’s blood.
5) Repeat step 2 but with Mr. Browns blood.
6) Then place 3 drops of the simulated anti-A serum in each A well on the four
slides.
7) Then place 3 drops of simulated anti-B blood serum in each B well on the four
slides.
8) Place 3 drops of the simulated anti-Rh serum in each Rh well on the four slides.
9) You should have 3 toothpicks per blood typing slides; make sure not to mix these
up, only on per blood type per blood typing slide. Stir really well for about 30
seconds, their should be no spills so make stir not to press to hard will stirring the
blood.
10) When you have waited for the blood to react you will be able to observe what
has happened, or what is happening. Record all observations in a table. Below are
diagrams to confirm agglutination.
11) Lastly, please dispose of all materials according to your teacher’s instructions.
Part B: blood cell count/ microscope work:
1) Before opening the simulated blood make sure that it has been shaken up
very well. Than, very carefully add one drop of simulated blood to a
microscope slide, and cover with a coverslip. Lower the coverslip slowly and
carefully to avoid air bubbles.
2) Before you go ahead and look into the highest power (400x), you need to
start from the smallest to the largest. For example you will always start on
the smallest (10x) and than on to (40x) and than to the largest (400). This
helps you center and see what you are looking at through the microscope.
3) When you switch to the power of 40x you will start counting the number of
simulated red blood cells (red dots) in the field of view. And when you see
cells in groups count them separately.
4) Than when you have finish counting read blood cells you than move onto
counting the white blood cells (blue spheres).
5) Than repeat all the steps above two more times but in different squares.
Record your findings in a table.
6) Multiply the average number of red and white blood cells by dilution factor
to determine the number of red and white blood cells per cubic millimeter.
7) Lastly, please dispose of all materials according to your teacher’s
instructions.
ANALYSIS
Below is my raw data presentation and photos:
1) During the blood cross lab groups were supposed to document their observations
in charts and photos. Below is my raw data, meaning that it is the straight thing not
processing involved, just observing. First shown below will be the Part A: ABO and
Rh Blood Typing procedures in photo form. Here is my documentation within the
groups.
The photo above shows the start of Part A: ABO and Rh Blood Typing procedures. As you might not
knows the names in the photo, so I will tell explain. Up in the top left hand corner is the blood of
Mr. Jones, in the right hand side we have Mr. Greens blood, at the right hand bottom of the photo
we see Mr. Browns blood, and in the left hand bottom corner we see Mr. Johns blood. The step was
to first place 3 drops of the assigned blood in to the blood trays. This was the first step.
The photo above shows the second part of the Part A: ABO and Rh Blood Typing procedures. By now
we have already finished stirring and putting in all the anti supplements in the stimulant blood. We
now can observe what type of blood each person has. For example from just observing Mr. Smith we
can tell that some of the samples have changed to jelly like substances. Drawing a conclusion we can
now say that Mr. Smith has A positive blood. Is happens to all the blood samples and are placed in
more detail in table 1 and 2 which soon to come.
Above you will see a photo of a microscope. This is the type microscope that I used for Part B: blood cell
count/ microscope work procedure steps. After making the cover slips we had to them count all the red
and white blood cells through a microscope. This lead us to the end of the lab and lead us to our
conclusions, and it help fill in the table 2 charts that you will see later in the report.
The photo above is a slide, we created a slide because than we could count the cells. By putting only one
small drop of simulated blood, in this case it was Mr. Smiths, we could than observe the cells underneath
the microscope. As you can see in the photo inside the slid there are squares, we were only to count 3 of
those squares separately. This gave us the data for table two as you will see as you read on, it is labeled
“table 2”. This helped finish out the lab itself.
Below is my processed data:
1) Below is my analysis of the lab and what observations and data I observed and
recorded, I than placed it in a chart form. This chart represents Part A: ABO and Rh
Blood Typing procedure steps.
Look on the next page for Part B: blood cell count/ microscope work.
2) Below are the data/ observations that I put into the chart below. I also multiplied
the average number of red and white blood cells by dilution factor to determine the
number of red and white blood cells per cubic millimeter. The chart below is my
observations and procedure steps of Part B: blood cell count/ microscope work.
Conclusion:
Through the experiments and observations above we can conclude that if you add
any of the anti-serums that you will ether get an out come of A positive blood, A
negative blood, B positive blood, B negative blood and 0 positive or 0 negative
blood. This all depends on how the anti-serums react to the blood. For example if we
observe Mr. Brown we can see that there was no change this means that he ha 0
Negative blood, than we can observe what type of blood each person has. If you look
at table two which is straight above the conclusion we can observe and conclude
that if you add the total of white blood cells together you can get the average and
than move on to the cells in total, by dividing it by 2. You can conclude the red blood
cells by using the same process by which I explained. By doing all of these steps you
can conclude that you will end up with the average total of cells within a square per
mm cubed.
Evaluation of the process:
Such as…
- Strengths
- Weaknesses
- Especially improvements
During the process of doing the labs and processing them I had a easy time with it I
think. Because of the great instructions given to us it was easy to follow and do the
right steps to get to be we needed to be. When we finally finished all the steps I think
that observing was the hardest part at first, because I did not know what was what
until someone explained it. That is probably on of my major weaknesses, is getting
the observation right of the bat. I have improved on the actual procedures and being
able to set up a slide is a lot easier than at the begging of the year, I have also
improved on working with partners, and learning how to have equal work split
between all of us. I think my strengths are that I follow the instruction very well, and
I also take lots of photos and take notes of data if needed. I think this helps me a lot
in the process of this lab and lab report.