HIV and AIDS
Day Five
Information based on materials from the KNOW Curriculum, Holt Textbook, WA
Department of Health, & Center for Disease Control
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
and
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
Health I.Q. (True/False)
(number your paper 1-10)
1.
2.
HIV is typically not spread by coughing or sneezing.
A person can’t get an HIV infection from sharing
needles or other injection equipment.
3. HIV attacks specific cells of the immune system,
disabling the body’s defenses against other
pathogens.
4. HIV is spread by mosquito and tick bites.
5. The three stages of HIV infection include:
asymptomatic, symptomatic, and AIDS.
6. HIV can pass from an infected mother to her baby
during pregnancy, birth, and breast feeding.
7. Sharing toilet seats can spread HIV.
8. The risk of getting HIV from blood transfusions is
extremely small.
9. Teenagers seldom get HIV infection.
10. Playing contact sports, such as rugby or football does
not put you at risk for HIV infection.
Health I.Q. (True/False)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
HIV is typically not spread by coughing or sneezing.
• TRUE: HIV is not spread through the air. The amount of
HIV in mucus/saliva is not enough to spread HIV.
A person can’t get an HIV infection from sharing needles or
other injection equipment.
• FALSE: People who share injection equipment for legal
and illegal drugs, tattooing, and body piercing are at risk
of becoming infected.
HIV attacks specific cells of the immune system, disabling
the body’s defenses against other pathogens.
• TRUE
HIV is spread by mosquito and tick bites.
• FALSE: Mosquitos and other biting animals such as
ticks, bed bugs, and fleas do not spread HIV.
The three stages of HIV infection include: asymptomatic,
symptomatic, and AIDS.
• TRUE
Health I.Q. (True/False)
6.
HIV can pass from an infected mother to her baby during
pregnancy, birth, and breast feeding.
• TRUE
7. Sharing toilet seats can spread HIV.
• FALSE: HIV is not spread by sharing bathroom facilities
because HIV does not live long outside the body.
8. The risk of getting HIV from blood transfusions is extremely
small.
• TRUE
9. Teenagers seldom get HIV infection.
• FALSE: HIV does not discriminate by age. Teens who
practice risky behaviors are at risk of becoming infected.
10. Playing contact sports, such as rugby or football does not put
you at risk for HIV infection.
• TRUE
Supershort Assignment #3
• With a partner discuss 3
reasons why you think the
number of HIV cases in
teenagers is rising.
• What are some ways to
reduce this trend (list at least
3)?
HIV AROUND THE
WORLD
• AIDS is a pandemic, a disease that spreads
quickly through human populations all over the world.
• The origin is not clear. One theory is that someone in
rural Cameroon was bitten by a chimp or was cut while
butchering one and became infected with the ape virus.
It mutated and was eventually passed to someone else.
• AIDS was first discovered in the USA in the early
1980’s
• Since 1981, more than 980,000 cases of AIDS have
been reported in the US to the CDC.
• According to the CDC, more than 1 million Americans
may be infected with HIV, ¼ of whom are unaware of
their infection.
Global summary of the AIDS epidemic
2008
Total
33.4 million
Adults
31.3 million
Number of people
Women
living with HIV in 2008
Children >15yrs
Total
People newly infected
Adults
with HIV in 2008
Children >15yrs
AIDS-related deaths
in 2008
December
15.7 million
2.1 million
2.7 million
2.3 million
430,000
Total
2.0 million
Adults
Children >15yrs
1.7 million
280 000
The ranges around the estimates in this table define the boundaries within which the actual numbers lie, based on the best available information.
Estimated Rate of New HIV Infections, 2009,
by Gender and Race/Ethnicity
Estimated Numbers of Persons Living with
an AIDS Diagnosis, All Ages, by Sex, 2009
Diagnoses of HIV Infection in the United
States, 2009, by Age
In 2009, young persons accounted for 39% of all new
HIV infections in the US.
Teens at Risk
• Each year, about 40,000 new cases of HIV
infection occur in the U.S.; half occur in
people under the age of 25.
• AIDS cases among people between the
ages of 13 and 19 totaled 4,219. (June 2001)
• HIV is the 7th leading cause of death in the
U.S. among ages 5-14 and 6th for ages 1524.
• HIV can happen in anyone who engages in
high-risk behavior, regardless of sexual
orientation, gender, or age.
What are HIV and AIDS?
• HIV and AIDS are DIFFERENT!
• Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
is the virus that primarily infects cells
of the immune system and that
causes AIDS.
• Acquired immune deficiency
syndrome (AIDS) is the disease that
is caused by HIV infection, which
weakens the immune system.
How HIV infects the body
• Have you ever been near someone with a
contagious infection, such as a cold, but
you didn’t get sick?
• One reason why is that your immune
system was strong enough to fight the
infection.
• Now imagine that your immune system
didn’t work…this is what happens after
HIV infects the body.
The Process of HIV
• Helper T cells are the white blood cells that
activate the immune response and that are the
primary target cells of HIV infection.
• HIV uses helper T cells to make copies of itself,
killing the helper T cells in the process.
• As helper T cell counts drop, the body loses its
ability to fight off other infections and certain
cancers.
• An opportunistic infection (OI) is an illness
due to an organism that causes disease in
people with weakened immune systems.
Phases of HIV and AIDS
• Phase I of HIV infection is the asymptomatic stage,
which means the infection is present but there are few
or no symptoms. This phase can last 10 years or more.
• Phase II , the symptomatic stage is marked by the
beginning or worsening of symptoms as the immune
system fails.
• Phase III marks the beginning of AIDS. The helper T
cell count is 200 or less and AIDS-defining conditions
develop, such as opportunistic infections.
*AIDS is FATAL and many people die from infections
the immune system cannot fight, not AIDS itself.
T Cell Count & HIV Infection
Contracting “getting” AIDS
• Being infected with HIV doesn’t mean the person
has AIDS.
• It usually takes 5 to 10 years for a person who is
infected with HIV to develop AIDS is the person
has not received treatment.
• People with AIDS cannot fight off illnesses that a
healthy person’s immune system could easily
defeat.
• AIDS patients suffer from and often die from
these illnesses.
How HIV is Spread
You cannot get HIV from
playing contact sports.
1. During sexual contact, which
includes vaginal, oral, and
anal sex, with an infected
person
2. Through sharing needles or
other intravenous injection
equipment with an infected
person
3. Through contact with blood,
such as an open sore/cut to
an infected person’s blood.
4. From an infected mother to
her infant before or during the
birth process or by breastfeeding.
The REALITY of AIDS
• There is still no cure for AIDS.
• Once the virus infects a person’s body,
there is no way to remove the virus.
• Most people with HIV infection eventually
develop AIDS.
• Learning about HIV and AIDS and
protecting yourself from being infected is
VERY IMPORTANT!
Behaviors that are SAFE
• Donating Blood and Transfusions
– Previously receiving blood transfusion from an
infected person used to be a common way to get an
HIV infection.
– Since 1985 all the blood collecting in the U.S. has
been tested for the presence of HIV and other
diseases. Tainted blood is discarded.
– With new technology and screening this problem
has practically been eliminated.
– Donating blood is safe when done at a blood bank or
any established blood collection center. This is by
using clean/sterile, new needles for each donor.
Preventing HIV/AIDS:
Eliminate the Risks!
1. Practice abstinence.
2. Avoid drugs. Don’t share contaminated
needles or have sex with drug abusers.
3. Avoid contact with blood and body
fluids. Don’t share personal items (razors,
syringes, piercing/tattoo needles).
Universal Precautions
• Universal precautions are a set of procedures
used to avoid contact with bodily fluids and reduce
the risk of spreading HIV and other diseases.
• Some examples:
– Wear latex or vinyl gloves before coming into contact with
another person’s blood or body fluids.
– Handle and dispose of all bodily fluids or tissues in a safe
manner.
– Use single-use supplies or equipment when practical
(some equipment might go through a sterilization
process).
Testing for HIV
• The only way a person can know
for certain whether or not he or she
is infected with HIV is to have a
blood test by trained medical
professional.
• These tests are performed at a
hospital, health clinic, or a local
health department.
• Laws protect the confidentiality of
test results.
• A person who is diagnosed as being
infected with HIV is said to be HIVpositive.
Testing for HIV
• HIV has 3 testing stages to ensure accurate results.
• Stage 1: an HIV test screens a person’s blood for HIV
antibodies.
• Stage 2: Since HIV antibodies can take up to 3 months to
appear, a second test is done 3 months later to verify the
results .
• After the second test, if HIV antibodies are not detected
(negative) the person does not require further testing at this
time.
• If HIV antibodies are detected in the second test (positive),
then a third test is done to confirm the results.
• Stage 3: if the 2nd and 3rd test are both positive. A different
method is used for the 4th test.
• A person must test positive in tests 2, 3, and 4 to be diagnosed
as HIV positive.
Treating HIV and AIDS
• No cure exists for HIV and AIDS.
Treatment can help an infected person
survive longer.
• Drug combination therapy is an AIDS
treatment program in which patients take
more than one drug.
• Drugs for treating HIV can have severe
side effects, can lose their effectiveness
over time, are expensive, and require
diligence and commitment.
HIV/STD HOTLINE
(206) 205-7837
1 800 227 8922
Presentation Resources
• This presentation was created using one or
more of the following curricula:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Department of Health, online resources
Center for Disease Control, online resources
F.L.A.S.H. (Family Life and Sexual Health)
Glencoe Health, 2007
Glencoe Human Sexuality 2007
Holt Lifetime Health 2004
KNOW (HIV/STD Prevention) 1997
Prentice Hall Health, 2007
BrainPop
• AIDS