Health
Introduction to Safety and First Aid
Introduction to Safety and First Aid
Essential Questions:
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What are the top ten unintentional causes of death in the US?
Can you list ways to stay safe?
What are ways to protect yourself when giving first aid?
What phone numbers should be on a emergency phone list?
What are the steps for and how do you perform CPR, Rescue Breathing, and Abdominal
Thrusts?
What are ways to handle a variety of basic First Aid situations?
To view the standards for this unit, please download the handout from the sidebar.
I personally feel that the term "car accidents" is often misused. The word "accident" implies that
the mishap could not have been prevented despite whatever measures could have been
taken. What do you think about this...aren't most "accidents" caused by something such as
driving too fast, inexperience with driving, not paying attention when driving, using a cell phone
(texting/talking) when driving, being under the influence of alcohol and/or drugs while driving,
etc? I believe a more appropriate term to use instead of "accidents" is "unintentional injury."
Many times when emergency help is needed, it is not given in time, not given correctly, or
simply not given at all due to lack of knowledge concerning correct procedure. Upon completion
of this unit, you will have the knowledge to assess when a person needs the Heimlich
Maneuver, Rescue Breathing, or Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and how to perform these
procedures depending on the age/size of the victim. There are several video clips from the
American Red Cross linked through the unit. These will help you gain a better understanding of
certain emergency lifesaving techniques.
formation.
Some Important Vocabulary
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Accident- an unexpected event that causes injury
Violence- using physical force to injure someone or
cause damage
Gang- a group of people who often use violence
Weapon- an object or device that can be used o hurt
someone
First Aid- emergency medical care for someone who
has been hurt or who is sick
Fracture- a broken or cracked bone
Dislocation- an injury in which a bone has been forced
out of its normal position in a joint
Shock- the body's response to reduce blood flow
Abdominal Thrusts- actions that apply pressure to a
choking person's stomach to force an object out of the
throat
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)- a technique
used to save a victim who isn't breathing and doesn't have a heartbeat
Rescue Breathing- an emergency technique in which a rescuer gives air to someone
who is not breathing
Primary Care Provider- a healthcare professional who handles general care
Specialist- a healthcare professional who has received training in a specific medical
field
Health Insurance- a policy you buy that covers certain costs in the case of illness or
injury
image from www.plu.edu
Emergency Phone List Assignment
Click Here for the Emergency Phone List Assignment.
Your instructor will inform you on how to submit this assignment.
Automobile Safety
Did you know the number one
cause of death for people aged
15-24 is automobile accidents?
There are many reasons for why
this is so:
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Inexperience with driving in itself
Driving too fast
Not paying attention to the road
Inexperience with alcohol and/or drugs and then driving under the influence
Not heeding to precautions necessary for certain driving conditions
Not wearing seatbelts
What others can you think of?
Many people of all ages fail to realize the seriousness of getting behind the wheel. Have you
ever thought how two thin yellow lines painted on the road are the only things keeping you and
another car from colliding? Have you ever thought about just how thin the metal is that
separates you and another car during a collision? Have you ever thought about what actually
happens when a person not wearing their seatbelt hits the front windshield? I could go on and
on about the frightening realities of being on the road (whether as a driver or a passenger).
So, what can be done about such high death rates among young people from car accidents?
Please check out the Teenage and Adult Driver Responsibility Act - and review all of the
information on the TADRA.
Abdominal Thrusts (for Choking Victims)
Adults most commonly choke on meats and children most commonly choke on anything small
and round (especially nuts, grapes, hot dogs, small round toy pieces, etc.)
After reading the steps for each procedure below, watch the video clips to see these steps put
into use.
Conscious Choking Child/Adult Victim:
Step 1: CHECK scene, then CHECK person.
Step 2: Have someone CALL 9-1-1.
Step 3: Obtain consent (If it is a child obtain consent from a parent/guardian if possible).
Step 4: Lean the person forward and give 5 back blows with the heel of your hand.
Step 5: Give 5 quick, upward abdominal thrusts.
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Give chest thrusts to a choking person who is pregnant or too big for you to reach
around.
You can give abdominal thrusts to yourself just as you do another person or lean over
and press your abdomen against any firm object (example: back of a chair).
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For a child you may have to kneel behind them to administer back blows and abdominal
thrusts.
Step 6: Continue back blows and abdominal thrusts until object is forced out, person can
breathe or cough forcefully, and/or person becomes unconscious.
How To Save A Choking Victim Video:
In order to view this video on the Discovery Education website, you must set up an account
using the password received from your teacher.
Please watch the "How To Save A Choking Victim" video by clicking here. The video is
approximately 17 minutes long.
Unconscious Choking Victim
FIRST.....
How do you know a person is unconscious due to choking?
Whenever you find an unconscious person, always check a person's ABCs:
A: Airway- open their airway by tilting the forehead back and lifting up on the chin
B: Breathing- look, listen and feel for signs of breathing, if not breathing give the victim two
rescue breaths, if these initial two breaths do not enter the lungs, re-tilt the victim's head and
re-attempt two more breaths
C: Circulation
If these re-attempted breaths still do not go in, then you can definitively say that this victim is
choking.
Unconscious Choking Adult Victim
CHECK, CALL, CARE
Step 1: Tilt head farther back. Try 2 rescue breaths again.
Step 2: If chest does not rise - Give 30 chest compressions (2 hands).s
Step 3: Look for an object.
Step 4: Remove object if one is seen.
Step 5: Try 2 rescue breaths.
Now What? If breaths do not go in - Continue Steps 2-5; If breaths go in - Check for signs of life
and give care accordingly.
Performing The Heimlich Maneuver On A Victim Who Has
Collapsed Video:
In order to view this video on the Discovery Education website, you must set up an account
using the password received from your teacher.
Please watch the "Performing The Heimlich Maneuver On A Victim Who Has Collapsed" video
by clicking here. The video is approximately 3 minutes long.
After learning the information in CPR topic, you will realize that performing Abdominal Thrusts
on an unconscious adult is basically CPR + a hooked finger sweep...or conversely, CPR is
unconscious Abdominal Thrusts minus the hooked finger sweep.
Unconscious Choking Child Victim
CHECK, CALL, CARE
Step 1: Re-tilt child's head. Try 2 rescue breaths again.
Step 2: If chest does not rise - Give 30 chest compressions (one hand).
Step 3: Look for an object.
Step 4: Remove object if one is seen.
Step 5: Try 2 rescue breaths.
Now What? If breaths do not go in - Continue Steps 2-5; If breaths go in - Check for signs of life
including a pulse and give care accordingly.
The Modified Heimlich Maneuver For Infants And Small Children
Video:
In order to view this video on the Discovery Education website, you must set up an account
using the password received from your teacher.
Please watch the "The Modified Heimlich Maneuver For Infants And Small Children" video by
clicking here. The video is approximately 3 minutes long.
Choking Infant Victim
Conscious Choking Infant:
Step 1: CHECK scene, then CHECK infant.
Step 2: Have someone CALL 9-1-1.
Step 3: Obtain consent from parent or guardian, if present.
Step 4: Give 5 back blows
Step 5: Give 5 chest thrusts (2 fingers).
* Hold head and neck securely when giving back blows and chest thrusts.
Step 6: Continue back blows and chest thrusts until - object is forced out, infant can breathe
or cough forcefully, and/or infant becomes unconscious.
Unconscious Choking Infant:
CHECK, CALL, CARE
Step 1: Re-tilt infant's head. Try 2 rescue breaths again.
Step 2: If chest does not rise - Give 30 chest compressions (2 fingers).
Step 3: Look for an object.
Step 4: Remove object if one is seen.
Step 5: Try 2 rescue breaths.
Now What? If breaths do not go in - Continue Steps 2-5; If breaths go in - Check for signs of
life including a pulse and give care accordingly.
Abdominal Thrusts Practice
Use the activities below to review the steps for each situation.
Conscious Choking Child/Adult Victim:
Unconscious Choking Adult Victim
Unconscious Choking Child Victim
Conscious Choking Infant Victim
Unconscious Choking Infant Victim
SO, when you should you call EMS in all of this?
After giving one minute of rescue breathing...you have reset the clock on the amount of
time that your victim has been w/o oxygen (with regards to extent of brain
damage, if any).
Rescue Breathing (Artificial Respiration)
Rescue breathing is also called "artificial respiration." This is necessary
when a victim is NOT breathing BUT DOES have a pulse.
1. FIRST: Do the "head tilt/chin lift" method (this moves the tongue away from the throat
and also moves the epiglottis away from the trachea), then pinch the nose.
2. SECOND: Take a breath and make a complete seal over the person (adult or child's)
mouth. For an infant you must seal your mouth over their nose and mouth when giving a
breath. Then, blow in to make the chest clearly rise. Each rescue breath should last
about one second.
3. THIRD: After 2 minutes, recheck signs of life and pulse for no more than 10 seconds. If
there is a pulse but no breathing, continue rescue breathing. If there is no pulse, give
CPR or use an Automated External Defibrillator (AED) (adult/child only).
ADULT RESCUE BREATHING
Give one breath every 5 seconds
First Response: C.A.R.E. CPR Video:
In order to view this video on the Discovery Education website, you must set up an account
using the password received from your teacher.
Please watch the "First Response: C.A.R.E. CPR" video by clicking here. The video is
approximately 47 minutes long.
INFANT & CHILD RESCUE BREATHING
Give one breath every 3 seconds.
Differences Between Adult and Infant/Child Rescue Breathing:
1. Distance with head tilt-chin lift. When lifting the chin and tilting the head back before
giving rescue breaths, you will not need to tilt an infant's head back very much at all, a
child's a little, and an adult's a good bit more.
o You will be able to tell if you have tilted the victim's head back far enough
because your rescue breaths will enter the victim's lungs. (If your breaths don't
go in the victim's lungs, you have either not tilted their head back enough or the
victim is choking on something and needs the Heimlich Maneuver).
2. Forcefulness of breaths. With an infant, you must only "puff" your breaths into it, with a
child it's about a half-force breath, and with an adult your rescue breaths should be
somewhat forceful.
o You will be able to tell if your breaths are forceful enough because you will see
the victim's chest rise out of the corner of your eye, if you are breathing too hard,
you will get some resistance when breathing and you should decrease the
forcefulness.
3. Where you breathe into the victim (mouth or mouth and nose). When giving adult or
child rescue breathing, only breathe into the victim's mouth and pinch close the nose.
When giving infant rescue breathing give your breaths into the infant's mouth and nose.
SO, when you should you call EMS in all of this?
After giving one minute of rescue breathing...you have reset the clock on the amount of
time that your victim has been w/o oxygen (with regards to extent of brain damage, if any).
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
Heart Disease
Uncontrollable Risk Factors for Heart Disease: Race, age, gender,
& heredity
Controllable Risk Factors for Heart Disease: Smoking, diet, activity
level, alcohol consumption, stress management & others related to
a person's lifestyle.
Signs/Symptoms of a Heart Attack:
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Persistent chest pain/discomfort (under the sternum, shoulder, arm, neck, jaw). Beware
of such pain that is accompanied by other signs/symptoms that lasts 10 minutes
or longer.
Angina pectoris: chest pain, comes from heart not getting enough oxygen.
Breathing difficulty: noisily, short of breath, faster than normal.
Skin appearance is pale, ashen, bluish, moist, abnormal sweating.
Misc. signs/symptoms = nausea, vomiting...
Cardiovascular Disease, Heart Attack And Stroke Video:
In order to view this video on the Discovery Education website, you must set up an account
using the password received from your teacher.
Please watch the "Cardiovascular Disease, Heart Attack And Stroke" video by clicking here.
The video is approximately 5 minutes long.
Care for a Heart Attack:
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Recognize the signs/symptoms
Call EMS/911
Have the victim rest, stop activity
Comfort the victim
If the person has medication, get it for them (e.g., nitroglycerin)
BE PREPARED TO GIVE CPR IF NECESSARY!
Common Causes of Cardiac Arrest:
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Cardiovascular disease
Drowning
Suffocation
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Certain drugs
Severe injuries to the chest
Severe blood loss
Electrocution
Strokes & other types of brain damage
EVEN UNDER THE BEST CONDITIONS, CPR ONLY GENERATES APPROXIMATELY 1/3
OF NORMAL BLOOD FLOW TO THE BRAIN.
Performing CPR
Adult CPR: 8 years and older
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Victim should be on a firm, flat surface with his/her head at
the same level as the heart
Hand position: between the nipples
Position your body in an area next to the victim that makes it
easy for you to go between doing compressions and breaths
Put your hands in the correct position, straighten your arms
and lock your elbows so that your shoulders are directly over
your hands
Release the pressure on the chest after each
compression without removing your hands
30 compressions per 2 breaths 5 cycles every 2 minutes
Compression Depth = 1 ½ to 2 inches
Continue cycles of 30 compressions and 2 breaths until an AED is attached, the patient
moves, the scene becomes unsafe, or until another CPR or EMS responder takes over
your care.
AFTER 2 MINUTES:
1. Recheck for a pulse (carotid pulse).
2. If you're alone and haven't called EMS/911 yet, do so now.
Adult CPR Video:
In order to view this video on the Discovery Education website, you must set up an account
using the password received from your teacher.
Please watch the "Adult CPR" video by clicking here. The video is approximately 10 minutes
long.
Child CPR: 1 to 8 Years Old
You must maintain an open airway with one hand on the forehead and do chest compression
between the nipples with the other hand.
DON'T USE BOTH HANDS!
Be sure to remove your compression hand when lowering yourself to give the one breath.
Continue cycles of 30 compressions per 2 breaths 5 every 2 minutes. Compression
Depth = 1/3 to 1/2 the depth of the chest.
AFTER 2 MINUTES:
1. Recheck for a pulse (carotid pulse).
2. Call EMS/911 if not already done.
Child CPR Video:
In order to view this video on the Discovery Education website, you must set up an account
using the password received from your teacher.
Please watch the "Child CPR" video by clicking here. The video is approximately 5 minutes
long.
Infant CPR: Birth to 1 Year Old
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Chest compressions should be done just below the nipple line, use ONLY two fingers:
your ring finger and your middle finger
Be sure to release compression pressure between compressions and also when giving
breaths
Continue cycles of 30 compressions per 2 breath 5 every 2 minutes. Compression Depth
= 1/3 to 1/2 the depth of the chest.
AFTER ONE MINUTE:
1. Recheck for a pulse (brachial pulse).
2. Call EMS/911 if not already done.
Infant CPR Video:
In order to view this video on the Discovery Education website, you must set up an account
using the password received from your teacher.
Please watch the "Infant CPR" video by clicking here. The video is approximately 3 minutes
long.
SO, when you should you call EMS in all of this?
After giving one minute of rescue breathing...you have reset the clock on the amount of
time that your victim has been w/o oxygen (with regards to extent of brain damage, if any).
First Aid and Safety Option Assignment
Click Here for the First Aid and Safety Option Assignment.
Your instructor will inform you on how to submit this assignment.
Burns
Burns are classified by degree of damage to the skin and underlying
tissue. Any burns involving the airway are life-threatening. Some
signs of possible burns include wheezing and/or coughing as the
patient breathes particles of soot in the saliva, sooty or smoky smell
on breath, and visible burns of the mucous membranes in the mouth
and/or nose.
Watch the presentation below to learn about burns.
Infant CPR Video:
In order to view this video on the Discovery Education website, you must set up an account
using the password received from your teacher.
Please watch the "Infant CPR" video by clicking here. The video is approximately 3 minutes
long.
External Bleeding
Any severe, uncontrolled bleeding (external or internal) can rapidly lead to life-threatening
shock, so it is vital to administer care ASAP.
There are 3 types of external bleeding:
1. Capillary
2. Venous
3. Arterial
Care for External Bleeding
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Apply pressure directly to the wound.
Elevate the injury above the level of the heart.
External bleeding sometimes requires the use of pressure points to resolve the bleeding.
Pressure points are places where an artery is close to a bone and the surface of the skin. By
applying pressure to these locations, you can stem the flow of blood. Our bodies' pressure
points are as follows:
Some Types of Open Wounds
Clean abrasion (figure on the left -below) wounds with running water or sterile gauze. Never
remove an impaled object from a puncture (middle figure - below) wound. Stabilize in place and
seek medical assistance. Apply direct pressure to stop the flow of blood from a wound created
by an incision (figure on the right - below). If after 15 minutes you've been unable to slow the
bleeding, call EMS (911).
How To Treat Bleeding Video:
In order to view this video on the Discovery Education website, you must set up an account
using the password received from your teacher.
Please watch the "How To Treat Bleeding" video by clicking here. The video is approximately 4
minutes long.
Nose Bleeds
A nosebleed can be scary to get or see, but try to stay calm. Most
nosebleeds look much worse than they really are. Almost all
nosebleeds can be treated at home. If you get a nosebleed, sit
down and lean slightly forward (see figure to the right). Keeping your
head above your heart will make your nose bleed less. Lean forward
so the blood will drain out of your nose instead of down the back of
your throat. If you lean back, you may swallow the blood. This can
cause nausea, vomiting and
diarrhea.
Use your thumb and index finger
to squeeze together the soft
portion of your nose (see figure to the left). This area is
located between the end of your nose and the hard, bony
ridge that forms the bridge of your nose. Keep holding your
nose until the bleeding stops. Don't let go for at least 5
minutes. If it's still bleeding, hold it again for 10 minutes
straight and seek medical assistance.
You can also place a cold compress or an ice pack across the bridge of your nose to prevent
swelling.
images from Gwinnet County Fire Department @ http://www.gwinnettcounty.com/cgi-bin/gwincty/egov/ep/gcbrowse.do?channelId=536881926&pageTypeId=536880236
Muscle and Bone Injuries
For Muscles & Bone Injuries Use The "RICE" Method:
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REST
ICE
COMPRESSION
ELEVATION
Watch the presentation below to learn about muscle and bone injuries.
First Response: Head and Spinal Injuries and Muscle, Bone, and
Joint Injuries Video:
In order to view this video on the Discovery Education website, you must set up an account
using the password received from your teacher.
Please watch the "First Response: Head and Spinal Injuries and Muscle, Bone, and Joint
Injuries" video by clicking here. The video is approximately 24 minutes long.
Heat and Cold Emergencies
Heat Emergencies
Heat exhaustion is very common in warm weather. If left
untreated, it will progress to heat stroke. Heat stroke is lifethreatening. If the victim is not treated immediately, severe
brain damage or death may occur. It's critical to know the
difference between heart exhaustion and heat stroke.
The progression of heat related emergencies is as follows:
heat cramps, heat exhaustion, heat stroke.
Heat Exhaustion
Heat exhaustion is a condition caused by too much water
loss through sweating on a hot day. Signs of heat
exhaustion are as follows:
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Moist, clammy, and pale skin
Normal or subnormal temperature
Weak, dizzy, or faint
No appetite, nausea
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Headache
The best way to treat heat exhaustion is to stop exercising, go inside (cool area), loosen
clothing, and drink some water or sports drink (rich in electrolytes). If symptoms do not improve,
call for help.
Heat Stroke
Heat stroke is an injury that happens when the body cannot control its temperature. A person
with heat stroke can't sweat (how our bodies cool us down). Signs of a heat stroke are as
follows:
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Skin is dry and hot to the touch
Very high body temperature (fever)
Strong and rapid pulse
Confused mental status
Collapse and have convulsions
Coma or near coma
Someone suffering from heatstroke should be taken to the hospital immediately (or call EMS).
Heatstroke can be life-threatening. Do not offer or force fluids by mouth for victims with heat
stroke. Loosen clothes, remove heat source, and cool the body with wet clothes until help
arrives or you reach help.
Heat Related Emergencies Video:
In order to view this video on the Discovery Education website, you must set up an account
using the password received from your teacher.
Please watch the "Heat Relateed Emergencies" video by clicking here. The video is
approximately 3 minutes long.
Cold Emergencies
Cold emergencies do not just occur exclusively in arctic
regions. Being exposed to the elements, such as cold
weather and/or frigid water for a long period of time,
can develop into hypothermia and/or frostbite.
Hypothermia
Hypothermia is defined as a serious condition in which the body temperature falls below normal.
Five Stages of Hypothermia:
1. Shivering (body's response to generate heat) stops below a body temperature of 90
degrees
2. Apathy and decreased muscle function
3. Decreased level of consciousness: glassy stare, possible frozen extremities
4. Decrease vital signs: slow pulse, slow respirations
5. Death
Victim's should be kept warm (remove wet clothes and wrap the victim in dry blankets). Call the
EMS (911).
Frostbite
Frostbite is defined as damage to skin and other tissues caused by extreme cold.
Frostbite usually affects fingers, toes, ears, and/or nose. Frostbitten skin is pale, stiff, and numb.
If someone is suffering from frostbite, call EMS (911) immediately. While you wait for the EMS
to arrive, put the affected area in lukewarm water.
Cold Related Emergencies Video:
In order to view this video on the Discovery Education website, you must set up an account
using the password received from your teacher.
Please watch the "Cold Related Emergencies" video by clicking here. The video is
approximately 3 minutes long.
Shock
Shock kills everyone. Every death is a result of some type of shock. Shock progresses as time
passes. Once it has begun you cannot stop shock; however, you may minimize the damage
with proper treatment. Never wait for the symptoms of shock to develop; by the time they are
obvious it may be too late. Treat any illness or injury immediately if you believe that shock may
occur!
Signs and Symptoms of Shock
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shallow, irregular, labored, rapid, or gasping breathing
dull, ashen or chalk-like-skin- As time passes, the skin will appear bluish
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cold, clammy skin
profuse sweating
general weakness
weak, rapid pulse
nausea and vomiting
closed or partially-closed eyelids
lusterless eyes, dilated pupils
extreme thirst
anxiety
dizziness or confused mental status
Treatment for Shock: Check, Call, Care
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Check the scene for safety.
Activate EMS immediately
Maintain patient Airway, Breathing, and Circulation, and stop serious bleeding.
Place victim in position of comfort.
Get the blood where it is needed: If the face is red, raise the head; If the face is pale,
raise the tail (feet).
Keep victim still and calm.
Give no fluids by mouth.
Reassure the victim.
Monitor level of consciousness and pulse.
THE LONGER SHOCK GOES UNCHECKED, THE WORSE THE VICTIM OUTCOME!
Assignment: What Would You Do?
Click Here for the What Would You Do? Assignment.
Your instructor will inform you on how to submit this assignment.
Seven Ways to Protect Yourself
1. Think before you act. Think about what could result
from or consequence of your actions; avoid doing
anything that might hurt you or another person.
2. Pay attention. Be aware of your surroundings and of
potential accidents (dangers).
3. Know your limits. Stay within your limits.
4. Practice refusal skills. Don't be afraid to say no to
something that (may cause injury) is not safe.
5. Use safety equipment. Safety equipment can keep
you from getting hurt or may save your life. Use the
right safety equipment for your activity.
6. Change risky behavior. Change a habit that puts
you or someone else at risk.
7. Change risky situations. Fix things that might cause an accident and/or tell someone
who can fix it.
Responding To An Emergency
Follow the 3 steps below when responding to an emergency:
CHECK, CALL, CARE
1. Check: Check out the situation. First, make sure it is safe for you. Whatever hurt the victim,
might hurt you. If you are in danger, leave the area. If you are safe, check the victim for injuries.
Try and find out how the victim got hurt. Check for medical alert jewelry, which lets you know
about the victim's health.
2. Call: Responding to an emergency often means making a phone call for help. It's important
to stay calm when you call an emergency number. If you panic, the emergency operator may
not be able to understand you. You will need to give the operator a lot of information. The
emergency operator uses this information to make sure you get the help you need. They will
also tell you what you can do for the victim until help arrives.
What you need to do:
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Stay Calm
Make sure you're safe
Answer all the operator's questions
as best you can
Follow the operator's instructions
Stay on the line until the operator
tells you to hang up
What you need to say:
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Your name
Where you are
The type of emergency
The condition of the victim(s) if
someone is hurt
The medical history of the victim
if known
What you have done to help the
victim
3. Care: How quickly a victim gets help may determine his or her fate. If you have training, you
should give the victim first aid right way. First aid is emergency medical care for someone who
has been hurt or who is sick. Knowing first aid and acting quickly can help you save a victim's
life. Giving first aid can be risky. You may be exposed to blood, saliva, and other body fluids.
These fluids may contain bacteria and viruses that can make you sick. You can protect yourself
by using protective equipment, such as breathing masks, sterile gloves, etc. Make sure to
protect yourself when giving care.
Safety Assignment
Click Here for the Safety Assignment.
Your instructor will inform you on how to submit this assignment.
Cyber Bullying
What is cyber bullying, exactly?
"Cyber bullying" is when a child, preteen or teen is tormented, threatened, harassed, humiliated,
embarrassed or otherwise targeted by another child, preteen or teen using the Internet,
interactive and digital technologies or mobile phones. It has to have a minor on both sides, or at
least have been instigated by a minor against another minor. Once adults become involved, it is
plain and simple cyber-harassment or cyber stalking. Adult cyber-harassment or cyber stalking
is NEVER called cyber bullying.
When adults are trying to lure children into offline meetings, that is called sexual exploitation or
luring by a sexual predator. But sometimes when a minor starts a cyber bullying campaign, it
also involves sexual predators who are intrigued by the sexual harassment or drawn by ads
posted by the cyber bullies offering up the victim for sex.
The methods used are limited only by the child's imagination and access to technology. And the
cyber bully one moment may become the victim the next. The kids often change roles, going
from victim to bully and back again.
Children have killed each other and committed suicide after having been involved in a cyber
bullying incident.
Cyber bullying is usually not a one-time communication, unless it involves a death threat or a
credible threat of serious bodily harm. Kids usually know it when they see it, while parents may
be more worried about the lewd language used by the kids than the hurtful effect of rude and
embarrassing posts.
Cyber bullying may rise to the level of a misdemeanor cyber harassment charge, or if the child
is young enough, may result in the charge of juvenile delinquency. Most of the time the cyber
bullying does not go that far, although parents often try and pursue criminal charges. It typically
can result in a child losing their ISP or IM accounts as a terms of service violation. And in some
cases, if hacking or password and identity theft are involved, it can be a serious criminal matter
under state and federal law.