DNA Review
• What are the monomers of DNA?
• Nucleotides made of:
•
Deoxyribose
•
Phosphate
•
A nitrogenous bases(A,T,C,G)
• Describe what the DNA looks like.
• It is a double stranded helix. It looks like a
twisted ladder. The genes are the “rungs” and
the sides of the ladder are alternating sugar
and phosphate.
• What makes an RNA different from a DNA?
• It is single stranded and has Ribose for its
sugar. The Thymine base is substituted for
Uracil.
How was Griffith’s experiment important to the
discovery of DNA?
• He used heat killed virulent and harmless
bacteria in mice to prove transformation of
DNA from one cell to another.
• How was the bacteriophage used in the
discovery of DNA?
• Hershey and Chase labeled the DNA with
radioactive sulfur and phosphorus. The DNA
transformed with phosphorus.
• If a DNA molecule is:
• CGG AGT CAG
• What is the mRNA?
• GCC UCA GUC
• What is the making of a mRNA called?
• transcription
• If a mRNA is:
• UGC UAA CAC
• What is the tRNA?
• ACG AUU GUG
• Every group of three bases on a mRNA is
called a ___________________.
• Every group of three bases on the tRNA is
called a ______________.
• Anticodon
• What does the tRNA drop off at the ribosome
when it complimentarily matches with the
codon?
• A specific amino acid.
• If one base on the mRNA is missing what is
that called?
• A deletion.
• This will cause a ______________.
• frameshift
• The mRNA codon for stop is UGA. How could
that be a problem if it is in the middle of the
mRNA code?
• The protein will not be made correctly. It is
called a nonsense mutation.
• If a base gets substituted will it matter?
• It will matter only if a different amino acid is
brought to the ribosome. It will not matter if
the substitution is silent.
•
•
•
•
•
If the mRNA:
CGA UUG
Becomes
CGA GUU
What is this called?
• An inversion.
•
•
•
•
•
If the mRNA:
UGU CGC
Becomes:
UGU UGU CGU
What is this called?
• A duplication mutation
• Name a disease that is caused by mutation
•
•
•
•
•
Sickle celled anemia
Cytstic fibrosis
Huntington’s Disease
Tay Sachs
Down’s Syndrome
• Which disease is also known as
Nondisjunction?
• Down’s Syndrome
• The process of making a protein at the
ribosome is called____________.
• translation
• What is the role of mRNA?
• To take a code from the “boss” known as DNA
out to the ribosome to eventually make a
protein.
• What is the role of the tRNA?
• To match up the code from the mRNA and to
bring the corresponding matching amino acid.
• What is the role of the ribosome?
• It is the site at which the rRNA will help
assemble the amino acids into a protein.
• What is the promoter and the terminator
• They start and stop the message.
• What is a point mutation?
• Either a deletion, insertion or a substitution at
one spot in the message.
• What are mutagens?
• Anything that can damage DNA, UV and x-ray
radiation, chemicals.
• Where does translation take place?
• The ribosomes