April 9, 2014
Review for informational text unit test
Homework:
Informational
text unit test tomorrow!
Objective:
I can demonstrate mastery of informational text patterns of organization, text features, author’s
purpose and examples of informational text in preparation for tomorrow’s unit test.
Warm Up (in your composition book)
Copy your objective into you comp book.
Today we will be reviewing for the informational text unit test tomorrow. In your Lit book, look up the
definition for informational text. Copy it down into your notes.
Author's purpose
A writer usually writes for one or more of these purposes:
to express opinions and thoughts
to inform or explain
to persuade
to entertain
to express opinions or thoughts
to inform
the author wants to enlighten the reader with topics that are usually real or
contain facts.
textbooks
cookbooks
newspapers
encyclopedias
to persuade
the author wants to persuade the reader to agree with his opinion, and may
provide facts and examples to convince the reader.
advertisements
commercials
newspaper editorials
campaign speeches
to entertain
the author wants to amuse the reader
poems
stories
plays
comic strips
Informational text are often arranged in one of 5 common
organizational patterns.
Firstly, what do we mean by pattern of organization?
Pattern of Organization
the way ideas and information are arranged and organized.
Examples of patterns of organization include:
main idea / supporting details
chronological order
cause and effect
compare and contrast
problem / solution
Main idea / supporting detail
the main idea is the most important idea about a topic that the
writer or speaker conveys. The supporting details support the
main idea.
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--YvaoUePWJA/UIDGRxSm24I/AAAAAAAAA0A/sP0alN9TAYA/s320/Slide2.jpg
A Legendary Book and Movie
1) L. Frank Baum first published The Wizard of Oz in 1900. 2)The next year he wrote a musical
based on the book, and it was an instant success. 3) People have enjoyed the story ofThe Wizard
of Oz for over 100 years, and in many different forms. 4) Several years after the book's
publication and success, a movie was made starring Judy Garland as Dorothy. 5) In 2007, Sony
Playstation launched a video game based on the popular story. 6)Baum published many other
books as well and had many other interests.
Write the sentence that is the main idea of the selection.
Are there any sentences that do not support the main idea? Which one(s)?
Samuel L. Clemens
1) Writer Samuel Langhorne Clemens spent his childhood on the banks of the Mississippi River in Hannibal,
Missouri. 2) It was here that he set his most famous novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. 3)Later, he
also published a nonfiction book called Life on the Mississippi. 4)Clemens even used a pseudonym, a fictional
name used by an author, Mark Twain, which is a term for a water depth of two fathoms on rivers like the
Mississippi. 5)As an adult, Clemens made his way west to San Francisco. 6)Eventually, he settled down in
Hartford, Connecticut where people still visit the house he lived in. 7)Clemens' writing was greatly influenced
by his early life on the Mississippi River.
Which sentence number captures the main idea of the paragraph?
How can you tell?
Which sentence(s) do not support this idea?
Chronological order: Definition
the arrangement of events in the order in which they happen.
http://www.wrike.com/blog_images/100832/1,2,3.jpg
Chronological order:
strategies for reading
look for sub / headings that may indicate c.o. such as Early Life or Later Years
look for words that identify times - in a year, 3 weeks later
look for words that signal order - first, then, during
a paragraph with c.o. will have several time order words
ask yourself: Are the events in time order?
http://courseweb.hopkinsschools.org/pluginfile.php/139621/course/section/20404/Reading-writing.png
Cause and effect: Definition
a pattern of organization that shows the relationships between
events, ideas and trends.
http://scottmccloud.com/3-home/news/2010-07/singlepanel.jpg
Cause and effect: Examples
historical and scientific writings
Cause and effect relationships may have many forms
One cause one effect
One cause multiple effects
Multiple causes single effect
A chain of causes and effects
Cause and effect:
strategies for reading
look for sub / headings that may indicate c and e such as Effects of Food Allergies
to find the effect(s), read to answer the question "What happened?"
to find the cause(s), read to answer the question "Why did it happen?"
look for words that help you identify relationships between events such as because, since, as a result
do not assume that an earlier event automatically caused a later one
use graphic organizers, such as diagrams
Compare and contrast: Definition
a pattern of organization that provides a way to look at
similarities and differences in two or more subjects.
Compare and contrast: Examples
Points of comparison - important points or characteristics of
two or more subjects.
A compare and contrast pattern of organization can be developed in either of these
two ways:
point by point organization -
the writer discusses one point of
comparison for both subjects, then goes
on to the next point
subject by subject organization the writer covers all points of comparison for one
subject then all points of comparison for the next
subject
Compare and contrast:
strategies for reading
look for sub / headings that may indicate c and c such as Plants Share Many Characteristics
to find similarities, look for words such as like, similarly, both, all
to find differences, look for words such as unlike, but, on the other hand
use a Venn Diagram or another kind of graphic organizer
Subject 1
Subject 1
Both
Subject 2
http://www.millvalleylibrary.net/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/reading1.jpg
Point 1
Point 2
Point 3
Subject 2
Problem-Solution: Definition
a pattern of organization in which a problem is stated and
analyzed and then one or more solutions are proposed and
examined.
http://www.arnauddisberg.nl/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/problem-solution-620x285.gif
Problem-Solution Order: Examples
persuasive writing such as editorials and proposals
Problem-solution:
strategies for reading
look for an explanation of the problem in the first or second paragraph
look for words such as problem and reason
to find the solution, ask: What suggestion does the writer offer to the problem?
look for words such as propose, conclude and answer that may signal a solution
http://www.sacredheartva.org/images/read.jpg
Let's review types of graphic organizers best used for each type...
Main idea / supporting details What kind of graphic organizer do you use for this?
Chronological / sequential order What kind of graphic organizer do you use for this?
Compare / contrast What kind of graphic organizer do you use for this?
Cause / effect What kind of graphic organizer do you use for this?
Now I will give you a sheet asking you to read four different
selections. Choose the pattern of organization used in each
one.
#1.
#2.
#3.
#5.
Informational texts often contain text features.
What are text feature?
Text features
design elements of a text that indicate its pattern of
organization or otherwise make its central ideas and information
understandable.
titles
sub / headings
boldfaced type
bulleted and numbered lists
graphic aids - charts, graphs, illustrations, photographs, diagrams, maps and timelines.
Graphic aids
visual representations of verbal statements that make complex information easy to
understand. They are often used to organize, simplify and summarize information for easy
reference.
http://img.docstoccdn.com/thumb/orig/43981699.png
Graph
a drawing that shows the relative values of numerical
quantities.
circle (pie) graph
shows the relationship of parts to a whole. The entire circle
equals 100% and the parts of the circle represent percentages of
the whole
https://www.schoology.com/system/files/attachments/page_embeds/m/2013-05/pie.gif
line graph
shows changes in numerical quantities over time and can be
used to present trends such as global temperature change.
http://www.mathgoodies.com/lessons/graphs/images/line_example3.jpg
bar graph
vertical or horizontal bars are used to show or compare
categories of information. The lengths of the bars indicate
quantities.
http://getwordwall.com/Attachments/Screenshots/Play/bar-graph.png
http://studyzone.org/testprep/math4/d/bargra1.gif
diagram
a drawing that shows how something works or how its parts
relate to one another.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Diagram_of_the_human_heart_(cropped).svg
schematic diagram
lines, symbols and words are used to help readers visualize
processes or objects they wouldn't normally be able to see .
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/32/Schematic_diagram_standing_wave_systems.jpg
chart
presents information, shows a process or makes comparisons,
usually in rows or columns.
http://media-cache-ec0.pinimg.com/236x/9a/b6/49/9ab6497fa8ef1aef42557ee520df8aab.jpg
table
a specific type of chart that present a collection of facts in rows
and columns and shows how the facts relate to one another.
http://www.databison.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/chart-table-with-chart.png
map
visually represents a geographic region, such as a state or country. It provides
information about areas through lines, colors, shapes and symbols.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/World-map-2004-cia-factbook-large-1.7m-whitespace-removed.jpg
political map
shows political features, such as
national borders.
http://www.vidiani.com/maps/maps_of_europe/detailed_political_map_of_europe.jpg
physical map
shows the landforms in an area.
road or travel map
shows roads and highways.
http://geology.com/cities-map/map-of-north-carolina-cities.gif
thematic map
shows information on a specific topic, such as climate, weather
or natural resources.
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-RDWM01wSb4Y/T3o63Qi8N3I/AAAAAAAAAGs/Uh-jg1I0Cig/s1600/choro.jpg
timelines
shows events in the order in which they occurred. Event are listed along a
horizontal or vertical line and are usually labeled with the year in which they
happened.
http://www.wiinintendo.net/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/video-game-timeline.jpg
Let's review primary / secondary sources...
What is a primary source? Examples?
What is a secondary source? Examples?
Make the following chart in your notes
Subject
Art
History
Medicine
Sports
English
Primary source
Secondary source
Homework:
TEST on informational text tomorrow!
STUDY! This is a formal grade!