Warm Up
1.Explain the Drive Reduction Theory
2.Explain the Theory of Optimal Arousal
3.What is self-actualization?
4.Do the following items make you feel full or hungry
a Lateral hypothalamus
b Ventromedial hypothalamus
c. leptin
d. Ghrelin
e. PYY
f. Orexin
5. What is Basal Metabolic Rate?
6.What is Set Point?
7. Why is Alfred Kinsey important?
8. What is the sexual response cycle?
9. What are some of the possible causes of homosexuality
10. How do task and social leadership differ
11. Has does Theory X differ from Theory Y
Friday
Test-12,13,14
 Notebook Check

– All notes complete
– Outline for chapters 12,13
– Office worksheet
– No Article

Short answers for 12,13,14
Chapter 14 pt. 1: Stress and Health
Studying the Effects of Stress
on Health
Behavioral Medicine: field that combines
knowledge of biomedical perspective and
behavioral perspective to study and treat
health and illness. Term is often used
interchangeably with Psychiatry.
 Health Psychology: subfield of psychology
that is used to contribute to behavioral
medicine. Looks at psychological causes of
illness and stress (cognitive, environment,
social, biological, etc.)

Killers of Yesterday and Today
Percentage
U.S.deaths
30
Percentage
U.S.deaths
30
20
20
10
10
0
0
Tuber- Pneu- Diarrhea/ Heart
culosis monia enteritis disease
1900
Heart Cancer Strokes Chronic
disease
lung disease
1991
What is Stress?
 Stress
is the process by which we
respond to events, that we appraise
as threatening or challenging.
 Stressors: are the events/things
that stress us out!
Stress Is Not Caused By the
Event Itself!
 Cognition
affects how we react and
appraise an external event which affects
how we respond.
Stressors
Catastrophes
Life changes
Hassles
Intervening
factors
Appraisal
Perceived control
Personality
Social support
Coping behaviors
Stress
reactions
Physiological
Emotional
Behavioral
Stress Can Be Harmful or Helpful
Depending on Your Appraisal
Appraisal
Response
Threat
(“Yikes! This is
beyond me!”)
Panic, freeze up
Challenge
(“I’ve got to apply
all I know”)
Aroused, focused
Stressful event
(tough math test)
Yerkes-Dodson Principle of Arousal
(Not In the Book)
 Yerkes-Dodson Principle of Arousal:
general tasks are performed best
with a medium amount of
stress/arousal.
Stress Conflicts (Not in the Book)
 Approach-Approach
Conflict: stressful
tension state that arises as a result of an
attraction toward two attractive
goals.

Should I
go to
Harvard
or Yale?
Stress Conflicts (Not In The Book)
 Avoidance-Avoidance
Conflict:
stressful tension state that arises as a
result of a simultaneous repulsion of
two goals.
Some voters find
themselves voting
for the “lesser of
two evils” in their
minds during
elections.
Stress Conflicts (Not in the Book)
 Approach-Avoidance
Conflict:
stressful tension state caused being
simultaneously attracted and
repulsed by the same goal.
Can I get a
Raise Boss?
Want a raise
at work but
don’t want to
get fired for
asking.
YOU’RE
FIRED!
Stress Conflicts (Not in the Book)
 Double
Approach-Avoidance Conflict:
stressful tension state that arises when
having to choose between 2 or more
goals that have both attractive and
repulsive qualities. Most common and
complex conflict in real life.

Girl choosing to
Go to prom with
Brad Pitt or her
long-term
boyfriend
Apply The Concepts: 4
Points
 Come
up with a unique example
of each conflict from you life.
Biology of Stress? What is
Activated When You Feel Stress?
 Stress-Response
Cycle Includes:
 1. Sympathetic and
parasympathetic cycles are
activated
 2. Withdraw. Pull Back. Conserve
Energy.
 3. Women- “Tend and Befriend”
Secondary Response Cycle
Animals and Humans Tend to React To
Stress
In
the
Same
Pattern.
 Hans Selye discovered the responsive cycle
for how we react to stress which he named
the:
 General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
– Phase 1: Alarm: activation of
sympathetic nervous system.
– Phase 2: Resistance: arousal remains
high as you attempt to cope with the
stressor. “Fight or Flight.”
– Phase 3: Exhaustion: body becomes run
down with constant stress which can leave
you more vulnerable to illness or even
Diagram of GAS
The body’s resistance to stress can only
Last so long before exhaustion sets in
Stress
resistance
Stressor
occurs
Phase 1
Alarm
reaction
(mobilize
resources)
Phase 2
Resistance
(cope with
stressor)
Phase 3
Exhaustion
(reserves
depleted)
Stressful Life Events Can Create
Serious Health Risks

Categories of Stressful Life
Events:
– 1. Catastrophes: unavoidable
natural disasters, etc.
– 2. Significant Life Changes:
loss of loved one, leaving home,
loss of job, etc.
– 3. Everyday Hassles:
traffic, long lines at Best Buy, etc.
Perceived Control’s Effect on
Health and Stress
 Stressful
events are
especially harmful if they
are perceived as
negative and
uncontrollable.
 Those who feel stressful
events are beyond their
control are also more
susceptible to illness
and disease.
The Rat With No Control Over
the Shocks Develops Ulcers
“Executive” rat
To shock control
“Subordinate” rat
To shock source
Control rat
No connection
to shock source
Other Influences on Health and
Stress
Poverty: poorer people
are more at risk for a
premature death.
 Inequality: areas where
there is a large
discrepancy/gap between
rich and poor have lower life
expectancies than areas
where differences are less
extreme.

Other Influences on Health and
Stress
Optimism-Pessimism:
Those with more
positive outlooks
tend to cope with
stressful events
better and have
better health than
those who dwell on the
negative.
 Outlooks often tied to
feelings of control.


