Chapter 1
Section 2 Matter and Its Properties
Opener #2 - WED - August 22, 2012
Write in complete sentences.
•
•
•
1. What is heavier, a pound of lead or a pound of
feathers?
2. What happens to the matter of an astronaut who
is weightless?
3. What tool could you develop to get the weight of
an object on the space shuttle?
Write in complete sentences.
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Chapter 1
Section 2 Matter and Its Properties
Give me completed student information sheets.
Opener #2 - Tuesday - January 8, 2013
Write in complete sentences.
• 1. Describe in your own words what chemistry is.
• 2. Identify the branches of chemistry:
• 2a. chemistry of carbon containing compounds
• 2b. chemistry of living things
• 2c. a forensic scientists who was determines the
makeup of a substance found in a crime scene.
Write in complete sentences.
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Objectives and Assignments Tuesday, 1/8/13
*Discuss Safety rules and labs
*Identify common tools used in chemistry labs and what
they are used for.
*Flashcards for each chapter - link on podcast page
*Safety Rules QUIZ on Thursday.
*Lab (change rooms) on FRIDAY.
*Homework: (HW) - Study for QUIZ on safety lab rules
AND identifying equipment/tools.
*Start studying flashcards online and reading text from
online textbook my.hrw.com, bryanthigh, student.
My page: http://podcast.bryantschools.org/users/dvann
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Opener #3 - Wednesday - 1/9/2013
Write in complete sentences.
1. Name at least 5 physical properties.
2. Name at least 3 chemical properties.
3. Contrast physical and chemical changes.
4. Give examples of physical changes.
5. Give examples of signs that a chemical change has
taken place.
CW: Notes 1.2 finished including activities/games
CW: Notes 1.3 started
CW/HW: pg. 25 #1-12 (#10-12 must be written out & count
more points due TOMORROW.)
HW: SAFETY QUIZ TOMORROW
Lab is on Friday - switch rooms
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Opener #4 - Thursday - 1/10/2013
Opener: Watch Safety Lab and Take Safety Lab Quiz
All Notes 1.2 need to be finished including activities/games
today and started with Notes 1.3 started
Turn in HW: pg. 25 #1-12 (#10-12 must be written out &
count more points due TOMORROW.) Add #13 and turn
in box today before leaving.
CW/HW: Ch.1 Review sheet due on Monday.
Lab tomorrow - Friday - switch rooms
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Chapter 1
Section 2 Matter and Its Properties
Objectives
• Distinguish between the physical properties and
chemical properties of matter.
• Classify changes of matter as physical or chemical.
• Explain the gas, liquid, and solid states in terms of
particles.
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Chapter 1
Section 2 Matter and Its Properties
Objectives, continued
• Explain how the law of conservation of energy
applies to changes of matter.
• Distinguish between a mixture and a pure
substance.
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1.2
Properties of Matter
Bamboo has properties
that make it a good choice
for use in chopsticks. It has
no noticeable odor or
taste. It is hard, yet easy to
split, and it is heat
resistant. You will learn
how properties can be
used to classify and
identify matter.
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Chapter 1
Section 2 Matter and Its Properties
Matter
•Mass is a measure of the amount of matter.
•Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
•Volume is the amount of three dimensional space an
object occupies.
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Chapter 1
Visual Concepts
Matter
Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
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Visual Concept
t/ch01/sec02/vc01/hc601_02_v01fs.htm
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1.2
Elements and Compounds
Connecting to Your World
Take two pounds of sugar, two
cups of boiling water, and one
quarter teaspoon of cream of
tartar. Add food coloring and you
have the sticky, sweet concoction
known as cotton candy. You will
learn how substances are
classified as elements or
compounds.
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1.2
Elements and Compounds
>
Distinguishing Elements and
Compounds
Distinguishing Elements and Compounds
How are atoms, elements and
compounds different?
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Chapter 1
Section 2 Matter and Its Properties
Basic Building Blocks of Matter
• An atom is the smallest unit of an element that
maintains the chemical identity of that element.
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Chapter 1
Visual Concepts
Parts of the Atom
Visual Concepts
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Sorenson Video 3 decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
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Chapter 1
Section 2 Matter and Its Properties
Basic Building Blocks of Matter
•An element is a pure substance that cannot be
broken down into simpler, stable substances and is
made of one type of atom.
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Chapter 1
Visual Concepts
Element
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1.2
Elements and Compounds
>
Distinguishing Elements and
Compounds
• A compound is a substance that contains two
or more elements chemically combined in a
fixed proportion.
Compounds can be broken down into
simpler substances by chemical means,
but elements cannot.
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Chapter 1
Visual Concepts
Compounds
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Visual Concept
4fs.htm
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1.2
Elements and Compounds
>
Distinguishing Elements and
Compounds
Properties of Compounds
In general, the properties of compounds
are quite different from those of their
component elements.
When the elements sodium and chlorine
combine chemically to form sodium
chloride, there is a change in composition
and a change in properties.
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1.2
Elements and Compounds
>
Distinguishing Elements and
Compounds
Chlorine is used to kill
harmful organisms in
swimming pools.
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1.2
Elements and Compounds
>
Distinguishing Elements and
Compounds
Sodium is stored
under oil to keep it
from reacting with
oxygen or water
vapor in the air.
Sodium vapor
produces the light
in some street
lamps.
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1.2
Elements and Compounds
>
Distinguishing Elements and
Compounds
Sodium Chloride
(commonly known
as table salt) is
used to season or
preserve food.
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Chapter 1
Visual Concepts
Molecule is the smallest unit of an element or compound
that retains all of the properties of that element or
compound.
Examples:
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Chapter 1
Visual Concepts
Molecules
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Visual Concept
x/student/ch01/sec02/vc05/hc601_02_
v05fs.htm
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Chapter 1
Section 2 Matter and Its Properties
Basic Building Blocks of Matter, continued
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1.2
Elements and Compounds
>
Symbols and Formulas
Symbols and Formulas
What do chemists use to represent
elements and compounds?
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1.2
Elements and Compounds
>
Symbols and Formulas
Chemists use chemical symbols to
represent elements, and chemical
formulas to represent compounds.
These chemical symbols were used in
earlier centuries.
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1.2
Elements and Compounds
>
Symbols and Formulas
Each element is represented by a one or twoletter chemical symbol.
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1.2 A Section Quiz.
Assess students’ understanding of
the concepts in Section PH2.3
Continue to:
-or-
Launch:
Section Quiz
Text
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1.2 A Section Quiz
1. Passing an electric current through a certain
substance produces oxygen and sulfur. This
substance cannot be a(n)
a. compound.
b. mixture.
c. element.
d. solution.
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1.2 A Section Quiz
2. Which of the following is a mixture?
a. sodium chloride
b. carbon dioxide
c. sucrose
d. air
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1.2 A Section Quiz.
3. The symbol for the element potassium is
a. K.
b. Po.
c. P.
d. Pt.
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FLASHCARDS ONLINE for Section 1.1, 1.2A
Go to the following webpage and study the flashcards for the branches of
chemistry, pure and applied science, and basic terms so far.
Click here for Flashcards Chemistry 1.1 - Study these at home or with my
computers outside of class time. We are doing this one in class to learn
how it works this time.
Study & read notes at home; study flashcards. Spell is a way of learning to spell
terms and hearing and just getting familiar with terms with audio and
typing.
click on LEARN to start practicing term with definition, clue, or application of
term. Type in the answer. Note you can override if you were correct but
missed due to typing error, small spelling issue, leaving out ending such as
analytical when answer was type of chemistry and was put in as analytical
chemistry where “chemistry” might have been assumed from question.
See me if not sure. This is to help you learn.
TEST is a generated test that will give you a chance to see how well you would Slide
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1.2
Properties of Matter
>
Identifying Substances
Section 1.2 B Properties of Matter Notes
A physical property is a quality or condition of
a substance that can be observed or measured
without changing the substance’s composition.
Hardness, color, conductivity, and malleability
are examples of physical properties.
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1.2
Properties of Matter
>
Identifying Substances
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Chapter 1
Section 2 Matter and Its Properties
Physical Properties and Physical Changes
• A physical property is a characteristic that can be
observed or measured without changing the identity
of the substance.
• melting point and boiling point
• A physical change is a change in a substance that
does not involve a change in the identity of the
substance.
• grinding, cutting, melting, and boiling
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1.2
Properties of Matter
>
Physical Changes
During a physical
change, some properties
of a material change, but
the composition of the
material does not change.
As gallium melts in a
person’s hand, the shape
of the sample changes, but
the composition of the
material does not change.
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1.2
Properties of Matter
>
Physical Changes
Physical changes can be classified as
reversible or irreversible.
• All physical changes that involve a
change from one state to another are
reversible example solid (ice) to water
can be reversed from liquid back to solid
by freezing.
• Cutting hair, filing nails, and cracking an
egg are examples of irreversible physical
changes.
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Chapter 1
Section 2 Matter and Its Properties
Properties and Changes in Matter
• Extensive properties depend on the amount of
matter that is present.
• volume
• mass
• the amount of energy in a substance.
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1.2
Properties of Matter
>
Describing Matter
Intensive Properties
An intensive property is a
property that depends on the
type of matter in a sample, not
the amount of matter. The
hardness of a bowling ball is
an example of an intensive
property.
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Chapter 1
Section 2 Matter and Its Properties
Properties and Changes in Matter
• Intensive properties do not depend on the amount of
matter present.
•
•
•
•
•
melting point
boiling point
density
ability to conduct electricity
ability to transfer energy as heat
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1.2
Properties of Matter
>
Identifying Substances
Identifying Substances
Why do all samples of a substance
have the same intensive properties?
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1.2
Properties of Matter
>
Identifying Substances
Matter that has a uniform and definite
composition is called a pure substance. These
kettles are mainly copper. Copper is an example
of a pure substance.
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1.2
Properties of Matter
>
Identifying Substances
This sculpture of a
falcon is made of
gold. Gold is an
example of a pure
substance.
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1.2
Properties of Matter
>
Identifying Substances
Every sample of a given pure substance
has identical intensive properties
because every sample has the same
composition.
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Chapter 1
Section 2 Matter and Its Properties
Properties of Matter
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Chapter 1
Visual Concepts
Comparing Extensive and Intensive
Properties
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Visual Concept
tudent/ch01/sec02/vc06/hc601_02_v06fs
.htm
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COMPUTER
ACTIVITY
The following activity is to understand concepts of
intensive vs. extensive properties. The following will
be a SORT activity. Classify each item as either
extensive or intensive property examples. Record your
score in your notes. You should play again at home for
practice.
CLICK BELOW & PLAY: 44 questions - challenging level
INTENSIVE VS. EXTENSIVE ONLINE ACTIVITY
RECORD YOUR SCORES. THE FASTER THE BETTER
- LOW SCORE IS BEST.
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Chapter 1
Section 2 Matter and Its Properties
Physical Properties and Physical Changes,
continued
• A change of state is a physical change of a
substance from one state to another.
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1.2
Properties of Matter
>
States of Matter
QUICK REFRESHER FROM PHYSICAL SCIENCE
Four states of matter are solid, liquid,
gas, and plasma. A 5th state is BoseEinstein Condensate (BSE) which we
will not study at this time.
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1.2
Properties of Matter
>
States of Matter
Solids
A solid is a form of
matter that has a definite
shape and volume.
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1.2
Properties of Matter
>
States of Matter
Liquid
A liquid is a form of matter
that has an indefinite
shape, flows, yet has a
fixed volume.
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1.2
Properties of Matter
>
States of Matter
Gases
A gas is a form of matter
that takes both the shape
and volume of its container.
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Chapter 1
Visual Concepts
Liquid
QuickTime™ and a
Sorenson Video 3 decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
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Chapter 1
Visual Concepts
Gas
QuickTime™ and a
Sorenson Video 3 decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
REMEMBER A GAS IS ALSO A FLUID BECAUSE IT TAKES
THE SHAPE OF ITS CONTAINER.
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Chapter 1
Visual Concepts
Plasma
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Chapter 1
Visual Concepts
Plasma
CLICK HERE TO LEARN MORE ABOUT
PLASMA
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Chapter 1
Water in Three States
(s)
(l)
(aq) - mixed with liquid water
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(g)
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Section 2 Matter and Its Properties
Chapter 1
STATES OF MATTER - RECAP
states of matter—solid state, liquid state, gas state, plasma
•In the solid state, matter has definite volume and definite
shape.
•In the liquid state, matter has a definite volume but an
indefinite shape.
• In the gas state, matter has neither definite volume
nor definite shape.
• Plasma is a high-temperature physical state of matter
in which atoms lose most of their electrons, particles
that make up atoms.
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3.3 Phase Changes
COMPUTER ACTIVITY LINK
Click on the following link and complete the activity. Record your results in your notes i
the area provided.
CLICK THIS LINK... Be sure you are in “PLAY” mode.
http://www.neok12.com/diagram/States-of-Matter-01.htm
Record your answers
on the diagram in
your notes.
You may choose
to assign numbers
to each word and
place in your
diagram in your
notes.
Video for Fun with States of Matter concepts
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
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1.2 B Section Quiz.
4. Which of the following would be described as
an extensive property of matter?
a. temperature
b. color
c. mass
d. hardness
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1.2 B Section Quiz.
5. Which properties can be observed without
changing the composition of a substance?
a. all properties of a substance
b. intensive properties
c. chemical properties
d. physical properties
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1.2 B Section Quiz.
6. Match the states of matter with the following
descriptions:
(1) takes the volume and shape of its container
(2) has a definite shape and volume
(3) has a definite volume but an indefinite shape
a. (1) liquid, (2) solid and (3) gas
b. (1) gas, (2) solid, and (3) liquid
c. (1) gas, (2) liquid, and (3) solid
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Chapter 1
Section 2 Matter and Its Properties
Notes 1.2 C
Chemical Properties and Chemical Changes
• A chemical property relates to a substance’s ability
to undergo changes that transform it into different
substances. Examples: reactivity, flammability,
corrosive or non-corrosive, nonreactive, ability to
burn.
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1.2
Chemical Reactions
>
Chemical Changes
The ability of a substance to undergo a specific
chemical change is called a chemical property.
Chemical properties can be used to identify a
substance. But chemical properties can be
observed only when a substance undergoes a
chemical change.
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1.2
Elements and Compounds
>
Distinguishing Elements and
Compounds
Breaking Down Compounds
A chemical change is a
change that produces matter
with a different composition
than the original matter.
When table sugar is heated,
it goes through a series of
chemical changes.
• A change in which one or more substances are
converted into different substances is called a
chemical change or chemical reaction.
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1.2
Elements and Compounds
>
Distinguishing Elements and
Compounds
The final products of these chemical changes
are solid carbon and water vapor. The following
diagram summarizes the process.
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1.2
Chemical Reactions
Iron is abundant, easy to shape
when heated, and relatively
strong, especially when mixed
with carbon in steel. Over time,
objects made of iron will rust if
they are left exposed to air. You
will should be able to recognize
chemical changes and to
distinguish them from physical
changes from your physical
science class in 9th grade.
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1.2
Chemical Reactions
>
Chemical Changes
Chemical Changes
What always happens during a chemical
change?
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1.2
Chemical Reactions
>
Chemical Changes
During a chemical change, the
composition of matter always changes.
Recall that during a physical change, the
composition of matter never changes.
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1.2
Chemical Reactions
>
Chemical Changes
A magnet separates iron from sulfur. This is an
example of a physical change.
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1.2
Chemical Reactions
>
Chemical Changes
A mixture of iron and sulfur is heated. The iron
and sulfur react and form iron sulfide. This is an
example of a chemical change.
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1.2
Chemical Reactions
>
Chemical Changes
• A chemical change is also called a chemical
reaction.
• One or more substances change into one or
more new substances during a chemical
reaction.
• A substance present at the start of the
reaction is a reactant.
• A substance produced in the reaction is a
product.
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1.2
Chemical Reactions
>
Recognizing Chemical Changes
Recognizing Chemical Changes
What are possible clues that a chemical change
has taken place?
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1.2
Chemical Reactions
>
Recognizing Chemical Changes
Possible clues to chemical change
include:
• a transfer of energy
• a change in color
• the production of a gas
• the formation of a precipitate.
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1.2
Chemical Reactions
>
Chemical Changes
A precipitate is a solid that forms and settles
out of a liquid mixture.
Clues to chemical changes have practical
applications.
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Chapter 1
Visual Concepts
Chemical Reaction
QuickTime™ and a
Sorenson Video 3 decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
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Section 2 Matter and Its Properties
Chapter 1
Chemical Properties and Chemical Changes,
continued
• The reactants are the substances that react in a
chemical change.
• The products are the substances that are formed by
the chemical change.
Carbon plus oxygen yields (or forms) carbon dioxide.
reactants
carbon
+ oxygen
product
carbon dioxide
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Chapter 1
Section 2 Matter and Its Properties
Evidence of a Chemical Change
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Chapter 1
Section 2 Matter and Its Properties
Electrolysis of Water
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Chapter 1
Section 2 Matter and Its Properties
Comparison of Physical and Chemical
Properties
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Chapter 1
Visual Concepts
Comparing Physical and Chemical Properties
Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
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Visual Concept
ent/ch01/sec02/vc07/hc601_02_v07fs.htm
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Chapter 1
Visual Concepts
Comparing Chemical and Physical Changes
Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
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Visual Concept
udent/ch01/sec02/vc08/hc601_02_v08fs.h
tm
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Chapter 1
Section 2 Matter and Its Properties
Energy and Changes in Matter
• Energy is always involved when physical or chemical
changes occur.
• Energy can be in various forms.
• heat
• light
• Energy can be absorbed or released in a change, it is
not destroyed or created.
• Law of conservation of energy
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Chapter 1
Visual Concepts
Energy and Chemical Reactions
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Visual Concept
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Chemical Reactions
GAME ACTIVITY
>
physical & chemical properties &
changes
To be sure you remember the differences
between physical and chemical
properties and physical and chemical
changes, play the following sorting
game.
See me if you still are having trouble
distinguishing between these 4 terms.
Also, be sure to understand the
differences between intensive &
extensive physical properties as well.
CLICK BELOW on either of the 2 game
87
End Show
activities. (You must be in “play mode”
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Elements and Compounds
>
Distinguishing Substances and
Mixtures
Distinguishing Substances and Mixtures
How can substances and mixtures be
distinguished?
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1.2
Elements and Compounds
>
Distinguishing Substances and
Mixtures
If the composition of a material is fixed,
the material is a pure substance: an
element or compound. If the
composition of a material may vary, the
material is a mixture either
homogenous or heterogenous.
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Chapter 1
Visual Concepts
Classification Scheme for Matter
Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
http://my.hrw.com/sh/hc6_0030368
Visual Concept
09x/student/ch01/sec02/vc16/hc60
1_02_v16fs.htm
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Chapter 1
Section 2 Matter and Its Properties
Classification of Matter - Videoclip summary
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Chapter 1
Section 2 Matter and Its Properties
Classifying Matter
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1.2
Elements and Compounds
>
Distinguishing Substances
and Mixtures
This flowchart
summarizes the
process for
classifying
matter.
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CONCEPTUAL
PROBLEM 2.2
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Practice Problems for Conceptual Problem 2.2
YOU CAN CHECK YOUR
WORK BY CLICKING
Problem Solving 2.19 Solve
ON LINK.
Problem 19 with the help of an
Click here
interactive guided tutorial
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1.2
Mixtures
Panning is one way to separate
gold from a mixture of gold and
materials such as sand or
gravel. A pan containing the
mixture is place underwater and
shaken vigorously from left to
right. You will learn how to
classify and separate mixtures.
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1.2
Mixtures
>
Classifying Mixtures
Classifying Mixtures
How can mixtures be classified?
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1.2
Mixtures
>
Classifying Mixtures
• A mixture is a blend of two or more
kinds of matter, each of which retains
its own identity and properties.
• mixed together physically
• can usually be separated
• A salad bar provides a range of items.
Customers choose how much of each
item to use in their salads. Each salad
100
has a different composition.
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1.2
Mixtures
>
Classifying Mixtures
Based on the distribution of their
components, mixtures can be
classified as heterogeneous
mixtures or as homogeneous
mixtures.
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1.2
Mixtures
>
Classifying Mixtures
Homogeneous Mixtures
A mixture in which the composition is uniform
throughout is a homogeneous mixture.
Another name for a homogeneous mixture is a
solution.
• example: (salt-water solution)
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1.2
Mixtures
>
Classifying Mixtures
Heterogeneous Mixtures
A mixture in which the composition is not
uniform throughout is a heterogeneous
mixture.
• example (clay-water mixture)
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Chapter 1
Section 2 Matter and Its Properties
Examples of Mixtures
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1.2
Mixtures
>
Separating Mixtures
Separating Mixtures
How can mixtures be separated?
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1.2
Mixtures
>
Separating Mixtures
Differences in physical properties can
be used to separate mixtures.
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1.2
Mixtures
>
Separating Mixtures
Filtration
The process that separates a solid from the liquid
in a heterogeneous mixture is called filtration.
A colander is used to separate pasta from the
water in which it was cooked. This process is a
type of filtration.
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1.2
Mixtures
>
Separating Mixtures
Distillation
During a distillation, a liquid is boiled to
produce a vapor that is then condensed into a
liquid.
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Practice Problems
for Conceptual Problem 2.2
CLICK HERE Problem Solving 2.10 Solve
Problem 10 with the help of an
interactive guided tutorial.
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1.2 C Section Quiz.
Assess students’ understanding of
the concepts in Section
2.2.
Continue to:
-or-
Launch:
Section Quiz
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1.2 C Section Quiz.
7. Which of the following phrases describes a
mixture?
a. composition varies
b. composition may vary
c. components cannot be separated
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1.2 C Section Quiz.
8. Which of the following is a homogeneous
mixture?
a. vinegar (made up of acetic acid and water)
b. iron filings in sand
c. chicken noodle soup
d. muddy water
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1.2 C Section Quiz.
9. Which technique is used to separate
homogeneous mixtures?
a. filtration
b. distillation
c. magnetism
d. dissolving
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Chapter 1
Section 2 Matter and Its Properties
Types of Mixtures
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Chapter 1
Section 2 Matter and Its Properties
Pure Substances
• A pure substance has a fixed composition.
• Pure substances are either compounds or elements.
• A pure substance differs from a mixture in the
following ways:
•
•
•
Every
sample properties.
of a given pure substance has exactly the same
characteristic
Every
sample of a given pure substance has exactly the same
composition.
Water is always 11.2% hydrogen and 88.8% oxygen by mass.
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Chapter 1
Section 2 Matter and Its Properties
Laboratory Chemicals and Purity
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Solutes, Solvents, and Solutions
CLICK BELOW FOR VISUAL CONCEPT.
Click here for Visual Concept
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online SELF-CHECK QUIZ FOR SECT. 1.2
TAKE THE FOLLOWING QUIZ. Record your
answers. Ask questions for any answer that
you do not understand.
CLICK BELOW TO TAKE THE QUIZ. YOU MUST
BE IN THE PLAY MODE OF THE SLIDE
SHOW.
QUIZ SECTION 1.2 MODERN CHEMISTRY HOLT
RECORD YOUR 10 ANSWERS IN NOTES.
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HOMEWORK - Standardized Test Prep (STP) PG. 25 #1-12.
FOR #10-12, ANSWERS SHOULD BE WRITTEN OUT. #1-9
MAY HAVE LETTER OF ANSWER.
SAFETY LAB QUIZ on THURSDAY...
LAB FRIDAY
QUIZ on lab equipment on MONDAY.
Read ch. 1-2 and complete the textbook work above.
Homework due Friday.
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FLASHCARDS CH. 1
CLICK BELOW TO STUDY AND PRACTICE
CHEMISTRY CH. 1 TERMS SET #2. THESE
ARE IN ADDITION TO 1.1 FLASHCARDS.
CLICK HERE FOR CH. 1 FLASHCARDS
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VIDEOS FOR ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTION
Additional Videos for Section 1.2 - (6 videoclips) - Matter & Its Properties
•Physical Matter Properties - Chemical Matter Properties (2:58)
•Atomic Structure (2:16)
•Elements and Compounds (2:29)
•States of Matter (2:37)
•Changes in Matter (1:15)
•Mixtures (2:37)
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