The New World
These words throughout Europe greatly
stimulated the European monarchs for
overseas exploration and colonization.
Where they explored and colonized
depended on the ocean currents,
weather patterns, and where rival
powers had claimed their land. England
started colonizing along the Atlantic
Ocean.
English Colonies
The 13 colonies are broken up into
regions.
Regions: an area grouped all together
by a common characteristics
The Thirteen colonies were divided into
three regions based on the type of people
that lived there, the climate, and the
physical geography of the area.
New England
Colonies
New England Colonies
New England Colonies
Who
Reasons
English people To practice
their religion
Puritans
without fear of
persecution
Pilgrims
Geography
Economy $$$
Long winters
lumbering
Lots of trees
and rocky soil
Not good for
farming
Ship building
Fishing
Colonies
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
Rhode Island
Connecticut
1620
*
1635
1636
1638
Reason Settled:
RELIGIOUS FREEDOM!
MAJOR PRODUCTS:
How did they make money?
industry
shipbuilding
fishing
Climate and Farming:
CLIMATE:
• Extremely cold
winter
• Short growing
season
FARMING:
• NOT GOOD  
• Hard / rocky soil
PEOPLE OF
NEW ENGLAND
Pilgrims
• Arrived on the Mayflower
• Wanted religious freedom
• Led by William Bradford and landed at
Plymouth
• Signed the Mayflower Compact
(remember…it was the 1st
self-government
Puritans
Better Church of England
Puritan Beliefs:
•They were the “chosen
people”
•Very smart
•Church & state should
work together
Puritans Leave Massachusetts
• 1st group to Connecticut
• Wrote the Fundamental Orders of
Connecticut, which was the 1st Written
Constitution in America
• Author was Thomas Hooker
–Gave a detailed
description of
representative government
Middle
Colonies
Middle Colonies
Middle Colonies (Bread Basket)
Who
Dutch
Germans
Swedes
Reasons
Religious
freedom
trade
Geography
Economy $$$
Cold winters
Small farms
Better climate than
New England
New York
Wheat and
grains
Delaware
trade
New Jersey
Lots of hills
and trees
Iron ore
Colonies
mining
Pennsylvania
1620
*
1638
1638
1682
REASONS SETTLED:
•Business profit and trade
•Religious freedom
MAJOR PRODUCTS
&
Harvesting
grain
Cattle
CLIMATE AND FARMING
Climate
• Cold winters
• Average growing season
Farming
• OK 
• Coastline rocky but
some rolling green hills
PEOPLE OF THE
MIDDLE
COLONIES
Quakers
• Leader was William Penn
• Sought religious freedom
and trade for money
• Led a simplistic lifestyle
• Religious toleration—
church services
unnecessary
• Believed in no violence to
anyone and that slavery
was bad
Pennsylvania & the Quakers
HOW DID THEY END
UP HERE?
• King Charles II owed
the Penn family money
• Repaid them with land
in America
• So…William Penn
brought the Quakers to
the New World (against
his father’s wishes)
• Was called the “Holy
Experiment”
• Established Philadelphia,
which became known as
the “City of Brotherly
Love”
• “any government is free to
the people under it…where
the laws rule”
• Called the “melting pot
city” because all
foreigners were welcome
New York
• The English took New Netherlands
away from the Dutch and renamed it
New York
• Had lots of ethnic diversity (Italians,
Dutch, French, Irish)
• Trade was great because of
the large harbor area
• Fastest growing of all
the colonies
New Jersey
• Was a proprietary colony
• Known for ethnic diversity
• Allowed religious freedom
• 1st to have trial by jury
• Representative government
Delaware
• Formed for
Pennsylvania’s access
to the Atlantic Ocean
• Why was this
important?
FOR TRADE!
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Southern Colonies
Southern Colonies (farms and plantations)
Who
English –
looking for profit
Reasons
profit
Geography
Mild winters
Economy $$$
farms
Plantations
New opportunities
Fertile soil
Colonies
Virginia
Maryland
Cash Crops
North Carolina
Lots of flat land
tobacco
rice
South Carolina
Georgia
1607
(Jamestown)
1634
1660-1670
1660-1670
1733
REASONS SETTLED:
• Mercantilism (a
state’s power
depends on its
wealth)
• Profit from
trade
MAJOR PRODUCTS:
• Agriculture
• Tobacco – 1st cash
crop
• Lumber
• Rice
CLIMATE AND FARMING
CLIMATE
• Warm, humid
• Long growing
season
FARMING
• GREAT!   
• Moist, rich soil
MARYLAND
• Established by Lord Baltimore
• Settled by Roman Catholics fleeing
persecution in England
• Passed the Toleration Act— provided
religious freedom
• Farmed tobacco
Carolina
• Was swampy & humid
• Poor administration
• Used Natives as slave labor
• Caused many battles
• Proprietors were no help so the king
took over
• Separated into North and South
GEORGIA
• Settled by General
James Oglethorpe
• Purpose was to give
debtors a new start
• Slavery was not
allowed
• Allowed religious
freedom
Jamestown, Virginia
• Tobacco & women were
the reason for the survival
of Jamestown
• Swamp brought disease
• House of Burgesses
was the 1st representative
government
SLAVERY
Slavery becomes a
worldwide mistake
Start of Slavery
• Africans were not the 1st
• 1st – Indentured Servants
(poor white English
people who borrowed
money to get to America)
nd
•2
– Native
Americans
(began to die
of disease or
escaped)
rd
•3 —Africans
(slaves were
critical for
the tobacco
harvest)
• Brought here through Triangle Trade
• This was the triangle of shipping of goods
from America to Europe and slaves from
Africa to America