The Plant
Kingdom
Important Words to Know
Bryophytes, Angiosperms, Gymnosperms

Vascular
 Seed
pollen
rhizoid
 Spore
stamen
 Gametophyte pistil
 Sporophyte
cotyledon
 Cone
haploid
 Ovary
diploid
 embryo
Learning Goals
 To
understand how terrestrial plants are
classified
 To learn the characteristics of the four
major types of terrestrial plants
 To understand the concept of sexual
reproduction by alternating generations
that occurs in plants
Classifying Plants
 Bryophytes

Non-vascular
plants
 Seedless
Plants
Vascular
Classifying Seed Producing
Plants
 Gymnosperms
 Angiosperms
Bryophytes
•
•
•
•
•
Have no vascular tissue so they have to
rely on diffusion and osmosis to get their
nutrients
Cannot grow tall but can absorb large
amounts of water like a sponge
They do not have roots but have small
structures called rhizoids instead
They are the original organisms that were
able to leave the water and live on land
Example: moss
Bryophyte Reproduction
All plants alternate their generations
One generation is haploid (male or female)
The next is diploid (sperm and egg combine)
Bryophytes spend most time in the gametophyte
(haploid) stage (see diagram)
Seedless Vascular Plants
 Can
grow taller than bryophytes
 Some have roots, some do not
 Sporophyte (diploid) stage is the longest
and most prominent
 Example: ferns
Comparing Bryophytes and
Seedless Vascular Plants
Bryophytes
 Very short
 Don’t have roots
 No vascular tissue
 Alternates
generations from
sporophyte to
gametophyte
Seedless Vascular




Taller
May have roots
Have vascular tissue
Alternates
generations from
sporophyte to
gametophyte
Seed Producing Vascular
Plants
Gymnosperms





Produce seeds that allow it
to survive without water
Seeds are exposed on
cones
Do not produce flowers
Pollen grains land on
female cones releasing
sperm for fertilization
Example : pine tree
Angiosperms






Produce seeds that allow it to
survive without water
Seeds are contained in fruit
Produce flowers which contain
male and female gametes
Flowers contain pollen that
contain sperm nuclei that
fertilize the egg which is also in
the flower
Classified as having one or two
cotyledons (p. 103)
Example: apple tree
Assignment
 Read
Section 3.2 in text book
 Answer questions 1,2,4-7,9 on page 104