Spanish 3 Final Exam 2016, Semester 1
Format: Multiple Choice
Materials: Bring erasers and number 2 pencils.
Percentage: 15%
Concepts: All the concepts from the semester.
1) Vocab
a) Health/medical vocab.
b) Childhood vocab.
Reprint Notes/Vocab if you don’t have them:
http://blogs.wvhs.wlwv.k12.or.us/staff/StillinJ/?page_id=43
Flashcards: http://blogs.wvhs.wlwv.k12.or.us/staff/StillinJ/?page_id=2420
2) Grammar
a) Verb endings practice link. Specifically: Regular preterite( past events, #8), Irregular
preterite(past events, #10), Imperfecto( past events, #12), Reflexives(present tense, #5),
Present Progressive(am, are is ing, #21)
http://conjuguemos.com/list.php?type=verbs&division=verbs&language=spanish
b) Online practice of semester grammar concepts:
http://blogs.wvhs.wlwv.k12.or.us/staff/StillinJ/?page_id=2000
®Reflexive verbs
®Reflexives to mean “each other”
®Reflexives to mean “myself, yourself, himself, herself, ourselves, themselves, yourselves)
®Present Progressive “am/are/is ing”
®Future with “am/are/is going to”
®Possessives “my, your, his/her, our, their, your plural”
®Question formation. Yes/No questions with “do/does/did”. Tag questions ending in “verdad,
no es cierto, no”. Questions with question words.
®Direct Objects(me, you, him/it, her/it, us, them). Positioning with a) 1 verb b) 2 verbs back to
back c) following a preposition
®Direct Objects after prepositions
®When to conjugate/not conjugate
®What to do with “y” and “o” and commas with verbs
®The 2 “its”, subject “it” vs direct object “it”
®Adjective Agreement
®Past tense “preterite”
®Past tense “imperfecto”
3) Reading. Topics: Health, family, childhood
4) Writing. Topics to prepare: a) how you stay in shape/your daily routine b) your childhood
routine, personality and feeling
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Grammar Notes
1)When to NOT conjugate verbs
1) If two verbs are back to back, the 2nd is not conjugated(this is true 99%) of the time.
2) Verbs following prepositions. “it’s a sin de or night to conjugate after por para en con sobre
hacia contra). If a verb follows one of the bolded, don’t conjugate the verb.
Ex: Yo voy a comer. Antes de ir, yo…, Yo lo hice sin saber por que.
2) Using “y” “o” and conjugation
1) Think of “y” and “o” as equal signs. Whatever you did to the verb on the immediate left side of
“y” “o”, you must do the same thing to it on the right in terms of whether to conjugate verbs or
not.
Ex: Yo como y bebo. Yo tengo que comer y beber.
3) Direct Objects
me=me
you=te
him/it=lo
her/it=la
you(usted)=lo/la
us=nos
them=los/las
you all/guys=los
1) They go to the left of the verb. Ex: Yo te veo.=I see you.
2) If there are two verbs back-to-back, you can put it/them before the 1st or attached to the 2nd. Ex:
Yo te necisto ver. OR Yo necesito verte.
3) Conjugate verbs for the doer of the action, not the receiver!!!
Examples:
Yo tengo el dinero. ¿Lo quieres?—I picked “lo” to mean “it”. I picked “lo” because “it” refers to “el
dinero” which is masculine.
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Yo tengo los libros. ¿Los quieres?---I picked “los” for “them” because “it” refers to “los libros” which are
masculine and plural.
Yo tengo la bolsa. ¿La quieres?—I picked “la” for “it” because “it” refers to “la bolsa” which is feminine.
To use “it/them”, you often have to pay attention to the gender(masculine/feminine) of what it refers to
in the previous sentence. “It/Them” replaces something that was previously mentioned.
4) Direct Objects after prepositions(a sin de por para en
con sobre hacia contra)
There is another set of direct objects that you must learn to use if a direct object follows a
preposition(a, sin, de, por, para, en, con, sobre, contra, hacia).
mi=me
ti=you
él=him/it
ella=her/it
nosotros=us
ellos/ellas=them
Ex: Yo no puedo vivir sin ti=I can’t live without you. You cannot use “sin te”.
Yo no tengo nada para ella=I don’t have anything for her. You cannot use “para la”
Yo recibo dinero de ella=I get money from her. You cannot use “de la”
Yo hablos sobre ellos=I talk about them. You cannot use “sobre los”
Yo hablo a ti.=I talk to you. You cannot use “a te”
The other set of direct objects “me, te, lo/la, nos, los/las” cannot be used following “a sin de por para en
con sobre”. You have to use “mi, ti, él/ella/usted, nosotros, ellos/ustedes” instead.
5) Preterite is used for:
a) One time events in the past, specific to a specific event, day. Ex: I went to the store
yesterday.
b) Actions that are considered finished.
c) When you mention how long you did something. Ex: yo estudié por 3 horas.
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Preterite Verb Endings
AR
ER
IR
Yo
é
í
í
Tú
aste
iste
iste
Él/Ella/Usted
ó
ió
ió
Nosotros/as
amos
imos
imos
Ellos/Ustedes
aron
ieron
ieron
Irregular Preterites
poner(put)
tener(had)
estar(was)
Yo
Puse
Pude
Fui
Tuve
estuve
Tú
Pusiste
Pudiste
Fuiste
Tuviste
estuviste
Él/Ella/Usted
Puso
Pudo
Fue
Tuvo
estuvo
Nosotros
Pusimos
Pudimos
Fuimos
Tuvimos
estuvimos
Ellos
Pusieron
Pudieron
Fueron
Tuvieron
estuvieron
traer(brought)
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poder(could) ser(was)/ir(went)
dar(gave)
ver(saw)
hacer(made/did) venir(came)
Yo
Traje
Di
Vi
Hice
vine
Tú
Trajiste
Diste
Viste
Hiciste
viniste
Él/Ella/Usted
Trajo
Dio
Vio
Hizo
vino
Nosotros
Trajimos
Dimos
Vimos
Hicimos
vinimos
Ellos
Trajeron
Dieron
Vieron
Hicieron
vinieron
Saber(found out) querer(wanted) andar(walked)
Said/Told
Yo
supe
quise
anduve
dije
Tú
supiste
quisiste
anduviste
dijiste
Él/Ella/Usted
supo
quiso
anduvo
dijo
Nosotros
supimos
quisimos
anduvimos
dijimos
Ellos
supieron
quisieron
anduvieron
dijeron
6) Imperfecto
Dumb, Dog, Howard, Always, Eats, Old, Weiner, Treats
ar
er/ir
ser
ir
ver
Yo
aba
ía
era
iba
veía
Tú
abas
ías
eras
ibas
veías
Ella
aba
ía
era
iba
veía
Nosotros
ábamos
íamos
éramos
ibamos
veíamos
Ellos
aban
ían
eran
iban
veían
****Imperfecto rules always trump preterite rule of 1 time event in past=preterite***
**Imperfecto==sets a scene. Flowery part/visual part of a story. Preterite=Main actions that
move the story along.
D----Descriptions(personality, physical)
D-Dias. Era el miercoles cuando ellos llegaron.
H---Habitual actions “used to /would”
A---Age. Ellos tenían 30 años el año pasado.
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E---Emotions/mental/physical states
O---Ongoing past actions. “was/were ing”. For was/were ing you have 2 options: a) aba/ia
the verb and the “was/were ing” is already inside. b) use the formula “estar +ando/iendo”
with the imperfecto. Ejemplo: I was talking=yo hablaba or yo estaba hablando
W—weather. ¿Qué tiempo hacía ayer? Hacia buen tiempo. Estaba nublado.
T---time. ¿Qué hora era cuando ellos llegaron? Eran las cinco.
7) Notes on Questions
1) Word order for questions is "question word +
conjugated verb + everything else"
Ejemplo:
a) ¿Quién es ella?
b) ¿A qué hora comen ellos?
Exceptions: cuánto, qué clase de, qué, qué tan
2) "Yes/No questions" that start with
"do/does/did" you start with a conjugated verb
first.
Ejemplo: Did you eat?=¿Comiste?..there is no
word for "do/does/did" in questions.
3) Tag questions end in “no es cierto, no, verdad”
Ex: Comes mucho, ¿verdad?=You eat a lot don’t
you.
Ex: Ellos no comen mucho, ¿no es cierto?=They
don’t each much, do they?
Questions
who=quién(1 person) quiénes(2 or more)
what=qué
what time= a qué hora
when=cuándo
how often=cada cuánto/con qué frecuencia
how=cómo
how + adjective=qué tan + adjective + verb
where=adónde(used with the verb "ir"..direction
where=de dónde(used with verb "ser" ..country
of origin
where=dónde(used with
"estar"...location..position)
why=por qué
how much/many=cuánto/a/os/as..ending
matches word next to it
what kind of=qué clase de
which=cuál(1 item) cuáles(2 or more)
whose=de quién(1 item) de quiénes(2 or more)
8) Reflexive . Verbs that end in “se”
Step 1----take off the “se” piece and change it to match the doer.
Yo
Tú
Ella/Él/Usted
Nosotros
Ellos/Ustedes
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me
te
se
nos
se
Step 2---conjugate the verb that is left once you remove the “se”
Ex: me levanto, te levantas, se levanta, nos levantamos, se levantan
Verbs are not reflexive when one person is doing the action to another. So, remove the “se” and just use
the verb. Ex: Yo levanto a John.
Verbs are reflexive when a person is referring to themselves and it affects only themselves. One person
is doing the action to themselves, not to another.
Ex: yo me levanto.
9) Reflexives with 2 verbs back-to-back.
You can put the “me, te, se, nos, se” either before the 1st or attached to the 2nd at the end. Ex: yo me
necesito duchar or yo necesito ducharme.
Yo me estoy duchando or yo estoy duchandome
10) Reflexives to mean “myself, yourself, himself,
herself, ourselves, themselves/your selves”
Reflexives can also be used to have the meaning “myself, yourself, himself/herself, ourselves,
themselves”. Ex I talk to myself.=me hablo.
You hit yourself=Te golpeas
She looks at herself=se mira
We talk to ourselves=nos hablamos
They hurt themselves=ellos se lastiman
11) Reflexives to mean “each other”
Reflexives can be used to mean “each other”. “Each other” is only used for “we, they, you all”.
You use the reflexive piece “nos, se”. This is REQUIRED. YOU CAN ALSO ADD “el uno al otro” to
mean “each other WITH THE “nos, se” part for clarification.
Ex: We love each other. Nos queremos el uno al otro
They talk to each other. Ellos se hablan el uno al otro.
Common verbs used with “each other”
Saludar=greet/say “hi”
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Escribir=write
Hablar=talk
Ver=see
Querer=love
Ayudar=help
Entender=understand
Besar=kiss
12) Going to(future)
Be going to(future)
Yo
voy(am going)
Tú
vas(are going)
Ella/Él/Usted
va(is going)
Nosotros
vamos(are going)
Ellos/Ustedes
van(are going)
+ a(to)
+ verb(don’t conjugate after “a”)
Ex: I am going to eat=Yo voy a comer.
She is going to walk=Ella va a caminar.
They are going to work.=Ellos van a trabajar.
13) Be ing(present)
Be-ing(now)=estar +ando/iendo
Yo
estoy(am)
Tú
estás(are)
Ella/Él/Usted……está(is)
+ ando/iendo(ing)
Nosotros……… .estamos(are)
Ellos/Ustedes están(are)
If there is an “ing” in a sentence, you look to the left of the “ing” and look for “am/are/is”. If these are
there, you use the formula “estar + ando(for ar verbs) and +iendo(for er/ir verbs)”.
If you encounter “ing” and look to the left and there isn’t “am/are/is”, you do not use this formula. It is
probably a case of where we would use “ing” in English, but they don’t because you don’t conjugate the
2nd verb when 2 verbs are back to back.
Ex: I like eating=me gusta comer
I am eating=Yo estoy comiendo
They are walking=Ellos están caminando
He hates working=a él le disgusta trabajar.
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13) Possessives
My
Mi
Mis
Your
Tu
Tus
His/Her
Su
Sus
Our
Nuestro/a
Nuestros/nuestras
Their/Your(plural
for ustedes)
Su
Sus
a) When using possessives, you have to pay attention to how many items/people you are showing
possession for. If you say "my dad", you say "mi padre". "Mi" is singular. If you say "my sisters", you
say "mis hermanas". The "mi" becomes "mis". You have to pluralize the possessive because what you
own is more than 1.
b) For the word "our", you have to make the word "nuestro" match the noun it is next to. Ex: Our
book=Nuestro libro. Our sisters=Nuestras hermanas
14) Adjective Agreement
a) Adjectives are describing words like "fat, rich, poor, happy, sad, tall, energetic". These are words that
describe.
b) Ex: He is a tall man. She is a short woman. They are fun kids.
In Spanish the adjectives don't go/stay where they are in English. You have to move them to after the
noun. Ex: El es un hombre alto. Ella es una mujer baja. Ellos son ninos divertidos.
c) Also, you have to make the ending of the adjective match the noun is describing. The endings change
from "o/a/os/as" to match the word to its left.
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