States of Matter
Matter
• Anything that has mass and takes up
space
–Solids, liquids, or gases
What is matter made of?
• Matter is made of molecules.
• Molecules are made of atoms.
What is Matter?
• Matter is explained by
the structure and
arrangement of its
atoms (ie. Water=H20)
• Matter is composed of
extremely small
particles, too small to
be seen with a
microscope.
• These very extremely
small particles are
called atoms
What is an Element?
• An element is a
substance made from
only one type of atom.
• There are more than
100 elements that
combine in a multitude
of ways that make up all
biotic (living) and
abiotic (nonliving)
things we encounter
• For example
Carbon is made entirely
from carbon atoms.
Sodium is made entirely
from sodium atoms.
• An element cannot be
broken down
(chemically)
into a more simple
substance.
Water= H20
• Atoms have all
•
of the properties
of matter.
–Volume
–Mass
–Shape
• All atoms have
mass and
occupy space.
Atoms are the
smallest part of
an element that
has the chemical
properties of the
element.
States of Matter
Three states of matter
At room temperature most substances exist in one of three
physical states.
solid
liquid
gas
Contents
7G Solids, Liquids and Gases
Introducing states of matter
The particle model
Properties of solids, liquids and gases
Diffusion
Summary activities
The particle model
The difference between solids, liquids and gases can be
explained by the…
 All substances are made up of particles.
 The particles are attracted to each other. Some particles
are attracted strongly to each other and others weakly.
 The particles move around. They are described as
having kinetic energy.
 The kinetic energy of the particles increases with
temperature.
Phases(Stages) of Matter
• Solids: Particles are tightly packed together
and DO NOT move past each other. They
vibrate in place.
© 2013 S. Coates
Phases of Matter
• Examples of Solids:
© 2013 S. Coates
Phases of Matter
• Solids have a definite SHAPE
• Solids have a definite VOLUME
Example—Marble
Shape = Sphere
Volume = can be found
using water displacement
© 2013 S. Coates
Particles in a solid – animation
• Solids: Particles are
tightly packed together
Solids: Particles are tightly packed together
andand
DO NOTDO
moveNOT
past each
other. They
move
past
vibrate in place.
each other. They vibrate
in place.
Phases of Matter
• Liquids: Particles are
still tightly packed
together and they
SLIDE, move past
each other.
• Has definite volume
but not shape.
© 2013 S. Coates
Phases of Matter
• Liquids DO NOT have a definite SHAPE,
they take the shape of their container.
• Liquids have a definite VOLUME
Example—Orange Juice
Shape = None, it takes the
shape of the glass.
Volume = can be found
using a beaker or graduated
cylinder.
© 2013 S. Coates
Phases of Matter
• Examples of Liquids:
© 2013 S. Coates
Particles in a liquid –
animation
Phases of Matter
• Gases: Particles are not tightly packed
together, and have so much energy they slip
past each other quickly.
© 2013 S. Coates
Phases of Matter
• Examples of Gases:
© 2013 S. Coates
Phases of Matter
• Gases DO NOT have a definite SHAPE
• Gases DO NOT have a definite VOLUME
Example—Smoke
Shape = Not definite.
Volume = Not definite.
Gases are usually always
expanding.
© 2013 S. Coates
Particles in a gas – animation
Solid, liquid or gas?
Solid, liquid or gas?
What causes matter to
change phases?
Energy!
The adding
or removing
of heat.
Phases of Matter
• Energy is what
changes a phase of
matter.
• Argon BOILS at -186°C,
so when you hold it at
room temperature you
can see ALL 3 phases
at the same time.
© 2013 S. Coates
Phases of Matter
• Is ENERGY being ADDED or TAKEN AWAY in
this phase change:
ADDED
The added energy has caused the chocolate
particles to speed up. Before they were vibrating in
place, now they are moving fast enough to slip past
one another.
Solid
Liquid
© 2013 S. Coates
Phases of Matter
• Is ENERGY being ADDED or TAKEN AWAY in
this phase change:
ADDED
The added energy has caused the water particles to
speed up. Before they were moving fast enough to
slip past one another, now they have enough energy
to break away from one another and expand.
Liquid
Gas
© 2013 S. Coates
Phases of Matter
• Is ENERGY being ADDED or TAKEN AWAY in
this phase change:
Taken Away
Taking away energy from a rain drop slows the water
molecules down so that they no longer slide past
one another.
Liquid
Solid
© 2013 S. Coates