电子教案
Part 1 Listening and Speaking Activities
Agenda
Part 2 Reading Passage
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Part 1 Listening and Speaking Activities
• Lead-in
• Listening Practice: Listen and fill in the
blanks
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Which city have you ever been to?
Brainstorming
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Listen and fill in the blanks.
part of the city of Shanghai. It is
Pudong New Area is ___________
______
located on the ______
eastern side of Huangpu River, which
cuts through the city. Pudong has a land area of
____
533.44 square kilometers and a ________
permanent population
_______
of ____
1.63 million. In the past, due to the lack of ______
bridges
and tunnels across the river, Pudong lagged far behind
downtown of Shanghsi in terms of economic
the old ________
growth though it lies just ________
opposite the latter.
______,
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Part 2 Reading Passage
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1. Beijing
Beijing is the capital city and political, commercial and cultural center
of China. Beijing covers an area of 16,808 square kilometers. Hilly
regions occupy 62 percent of its total area.
Beijing has a history of over 3,000 years and has been the capital of
five dynasties. It is one of China's six ancient capitals (the others are
Xi'an, Nanjing, Luoyang, Kaifeng and Hangzhou).
Today Beijing is under direct administration of the Chinese Central
Government. It is divided into 18 districts and counties. In 1998, the
population was 10.77 million.
The Chinese scholar tree and the oriental arborvitae, the Chinese
rose and chrysanthemum became the city's representative trees and
flowers on March 12, 1987.
The four seasons are distinctive in Beijing. The capital has dry and
windy springs, hot and humid summers, mild and clear autumns and
cold and long winters.
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Temple of Heaven (Tiantan)
The unique architectural features of the Temple of Heaven delight
numerologists, necromancers and the superstitious-not to mention
acoustic engineers and carpenters. Shape, color and sound take on
symbolic significance. The temples, seen in aerial perspective, are round,
and the bases are square, deriving from the ancient Chinese belief that
Heaven is round, and the earth is square. Thus the north end of the park
is semicircular and the south end is square.
The Summer Palace (Yiheyuan- Garden of Harmonious Unity)
The largest and best-preserved imperial Chinese gardens situated in
the northwest of Beijing. The grounds are demarcated by Longevity Hill to
the north and Kunming Lake to the south. The lake occupies threequarters of the entire park. Longevity Hill is the focal point of the Summer
Palace. The panoramic view from the Hill is well worth the climb. You can
see the 17-Arch Bridge, the Jade Belt Bridge, and a lovely stone pagoda
on a distant hill. The glazed golden tiles of the palace roofs have inspired
many traditional Chinese landscape paintings.
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Tiananmen
There are two parts for sightseeing: one is Tian’anmen Square,
including architectures in the square and around the square; the other is
Tian’anmen Gate and Tian’anmen Rostrum.
The Great Wall
Snaking acrobatically across the precipitous and undulating
mountains of north China, the Great Wall is a colossal defensive
construction bequeathed through ages. Its fame reaches world-wide and
tops all famous tourist attractions in China. Almost all visitors would be
tremendously amazed by its awe-inspiring majesty. It goes without
saying, however, that a trek up of the wall is a most exhilarating and
challenging experience. Its beauty is caught in glimpses through the
mountains and clouds, and its human cost is experienced through
climbing it step by step. Due to its long-standing history and arduous
working conditions, the Great Wall is regarded as one of the Seven
World Wonders. It was officially listed as a world cultural heritage site by
UNESCO in January, 1988.
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The Forbidden City
Forbidden City , The Gugong, or Imperial Palace, is much better
known by its unofficial title, the Forbidden City, a reference to its
exclusivity. Indeed, for the five centuries of its operation, through the
reigns of 24 emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties, ordinary
Chinese were forbidden from even approaching the walls of the palace.
Located in the center of Beijing, the former Imperial Palace, also
known as the Purple Forbidden City, was the royal palace for the Ming
and Qing dynasties. It is the largest and most well-preserved complex
of palaces in China, as well as the largest group of palaces in the world.
Peking Duck
Peking duck is very delicious, so it attracts both domestic and
foreign visitors.
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Shanghai
The Bund has long been considered the symbol of
Shanghai .It has taken on a new look after renovation in the
1990s. The Bund gathers the architectural styles of the world.
Facing the Bund across the Huangpu River stands the Oriental
Pearl TV Tower, one of the landmarks of Shanghai.
Yuyuan garden, an ancient garden dating back to 440 years.
Built in 1559, or the 38th year of the Ming Emperor Jiajing’s reign,
Yuyuan is the most celebrated classical Chinese garden in
Shanghai. It is characterized by an exquisite layout, beautiful
scenery and artistic architecture. There are more than 40 scenic
spots scattered throughout this garden. The wandering FiveDragon-Wall subdivides the garden into six regions.
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3. Wuhan
Wuhan, the capital of Hubei Province, is the largest city in Central
China, with a population of over 7 million and an area of 8,467 square
kilometers. It lies at the confluence of the Yangtze and Han rivers and is
comprised of three towns--Wuchang, Hankou, and Hanyang--that face
each other across the rivers and are linked by two bridges. A major
junction of traffic and communication, it is the center of economy, culture
and politics in Central China and is proud of metallurgy, automobiles,
machinery and high-tech industries. A core of national air, water and
land transportation it offers great potential for further development and
foreign investment.
Wuhan is rich in culture and history. Its civilization began about 3,500
years ago, and is of great importance in Chinese culture, military,
economy and politics. It shares the same culture of Chu, formed since
the ancient Kingdom of Chu more than 2,000 years ago.
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Numerous natural and artificial attractions and scenic spots
are scattered around. Famous scenic spots in Wuhan
include Yellow Crane Tower, Guiyuan Temple, East Lake,
and Hubei Provincial Museum with the famous chimes
playing the music of different styles.
Someone says: “To see scenes is not better than to
hear them.” For them the excuse is that your imagination is
more beautiful than the scene actually when you see it;
otherwise, another one may say: “To hear is not better than
to see on earth.” The beauty of the scenes can be felt only
after you have seen it actually. If you have arrived in
Wuhan , It's not a bad idea that you both see and hear the
Scenes of Wuhan, feel the beauty of them carefully.
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The Yellow Crane Tower and the White Cloud Tower
High up on Snake Hill at the south bank of the Changjiang River
stands the Yellow Crane Tower, Known as one of the “Three Famous
Towers South of the Changjiang River” (the other two: Yueyang Tower
in Hunan and Tengwang Tower in Jiangxi). The Yellow Crane Tower
was first built in 223 A .D . and was destroyed and rebuilt time and
again throughout history. The whole compound consists of the main
tower, side pavilions, corridors, memorial archways, corridors of tablets
with poem inscriptions and business streets of ancient style. The main
tower, 51.4 meters in height, is of five stores, each with extended
upturned eaves. At its back is the four-storied White Cloud Tower, 29.7
meters in height.
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Guiyuan Temple
The temple is one of the four bigest temples for Buddhist
meditation in Hubei , also an important Budhist temple for the
country. It was first built in the 15th year of Shun Zhi in the Qing
Dynasty(the year 1658). The name Guiyuan Buddhist chants:
“With purity kept in mind, one has the thoroughfare everywhere.”
All buildings were built over a period of more than 100 years.
Guiyuan Temple takes up an area of 46900sqm with a floor
apace of 20000 sqm. There are more than 200 rooms within the
temple compound and all round are luxuriant with green trees
and bushes, harmonizing well with the majestic towers and
temples. In the Arhat Hall are 500 arhat statues, full length
constituting one of the main features of the temple.
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Hubei Provincial Museum
Located on the west bank of the East Lake in Wuchang, the
museum has a space of 2400 sqm for display. It has a collection of
200,000 pieces of historic relics, among which are such rare treasures
as Zeng Holuyi Chime Bells, the Sword of Gou Jian (the King of the
Yue Kingdom), and the Spear of Fu Chai (the King of the Wu Kingdom).
The Chime Bell Music Hall under construction, and exhibition hall
for ancient musical instruments, is designed to be the biggest in scale
and the most complete in variety and function in China.
The East Lake
Located in the east suburb of Wuchang, it is a major tourist
attraction in China. Covering an area of 87 sqkm, including 33 sqkm of
the lake surface, it is 6 times larger than West Lake in Hangzhou . With
its bending lake banks and crisscrossing ponds and brooks, it is called
a lake with 99 bends.
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The East Lake is vast and meandering. It's surrounded by green
mountains. The whole park is divided into six scenic areas: the Tingtao
Scenic Area, the Moshan Scenic Area, the Luoyan Scenic Area, the
Baima Scenic Area, the Luohong Scenic Area and the Chuidi Scenic
Area. Main scenic spots are the Yuyan Garden, musical fountain, the
Xingyin Pavilion, the Changtian Tower, the Jiunv Frusta, the Huguang
Pavilion, Tian Shui Yi Se, Qu Ti Ling Bo and so on. People can take
boats at any dock on the lakeside and get to the Moshan Zoo located at
the other bank of the East Lake.
The East Lake possesses rich botanical resources. There is a large
stretch of metasequoia forest. Many people come here to enjoy orchid
in spring, water lily in summer, sweet osmanthus in autumn and plum
blossom in winter
Traditional Food
They are many kinds of fast food in Wuhan, such as Chinese
doughnuts, steamed meat buns, hot-and-dry noodles, steamed
dumplings, wonton, soybean juice, spring rolls, and fried dough sticks.
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Kunming
Kunming is the capital city of Yunnan province and it is often called the City
of Spring in China, simply because the four seasons are as pleasant as spring
there.
Kunming is the political, economic, communications and cultural center of
Yunnan, and is the seat of the provincial government. It is also home to
several universities, museums, galleries and other important economic,
cultural, and educational institutions. The headquarters of many of Yunnan's
large businesses are in Kunming as well. It was important during World War II
as a Chinese military center, American air base, and transport terminus for the
Burma Road. Located in the middle of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Kunming
is located at an altitude of 1,900 m above sea level and at a latitude just north
of the Tropic of Cancer. It covers an area of 21,501 km2 and its urban area
covers 6,200 km2. Kunming has an estimated population of 5,740,000
including 3,055,000 in the urban area and is located at the northern edge of
the large Lake Dian, surrounded by temples and lake-and-limestone hill
landscapes.
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Kunming consists of an old, previously walled city, a modern
commercial district, residential and university areas. The city has
an astronomical observatory, and its institutions of higher
learning include Yunnan University, Yunnan Normal University
and a medical college. On the outskirts is a famed bronze temple,
dating from the Ming dynasty. Kunming was formerly called
Yunnanfu (云南府; literally meaning "Yunnan Capital") until the
1920s.
It is the leading transportation hub (air, road, rail) in SW
China, with a rail connection to Vietnam and road links to Burma
and Laos. Kunming currently has a new international airport
under development, which is slated to be the fourth largest
international airport in China.
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Situated in a fertile plain 640 km southwest of Chongqing,
Kunming is an important trading center between the far west and
central and south China. It is one of China's largest producers of
copper. Copper is smelted with nearby hydroelectric power. Coal
is mined, and the city has a few iron and steel complexes. Other
manufactures include phosphorus, chemicals, machinery, textiles,
paper, and cement. Although it was often the seat of kings in
ancient times, Kunming's modern prosperity dates only from 1910,
when the railroad from Hanoi was built. The city has continued to
develop rapidly under China's modernization efforts. Kunming's
streets have widened while office buildings and housing projects
develop at a fast pace. Kunming has been designated a special
tourism center and as such sports a proliferation of high-rises and
luxury hotels.
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Stone Forest
The Stone Forest lies about 80 miles to the southeast of Kunming. A
geological phenomenon, the Stone Forest was a vast expanse of sea
during the Paleozoic era--some 270 million years ago. Later, the
movement of tectonic plates altered the earth's crust, causing the sea to
recede and its limestone bottom to appear, thereby forming land. Due to
the constant seeping of rain through the cracks in the limestone, some of
the stone formation dissolved and the fissures broadened, producing a
group of great sculptures of different shapes, all molded by nature.
In the midst of the forest, there is a huge rock screen on which two
words--Stone Forest--are engraved in official script (in a calligraphic style
typical of the Han Dynasty, 206 B.C.-220 A.D.). Among the scenic sights
is the "Sword Peak Pond" with jadeite-colored water so clear that one can
see the bottom of the pond. Other astonishing sights include "Figure of
Ashima," "Shi Ba Xiang Song" (its name originating in the Chinese love
story, "Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai"), and "Lotus Peak."
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The splendor of the Stone Forest is enhanced by the local customs of
the native Sani people (who are part of the Yi minority). Sani people are
industrious and hospitable--and unconstrained. Sani women are expert at
spinning, weaving, and embroidering. They like to wear rainbow-colored
headgear and bright-colored dresses. The young people especially are very
good singers and dancers. Every day at sunset, under the moonlight, boys
and girls gather at the village platform. While the boys play the threestringed plucked instruments, the girls clap their hands and dance the
strong-rhythmed traditional "A'Xi (Ah-shi) Dance in the Moon" with great
enthusiasm. If you happen to witness the event, you will be invited to join in
the festivity.
Note that every lunar year, on June 24th, the Sani people celebrate
their national festival--the Torch Festival. On that day, the entire Stone
Forest is permeated with a celebratory atmosphere. There are traditional
performances of wrestling and bull-fighting. Finally, when the land is
enveloped in the curtain of night, the young men (holding torches in their
hands) run after the young women to propose marriage in the light of
colored lanterns.
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Xishuangbanna
Xishuangbanna is the southernmost prefecture of Yunnan Province.
The prefecture is nicknamed "Aerial Garden" for its luxuriant and multilayered primitive woods and tropical rain forests, which are teeming
with animals and plants.
Renowned as a huge natural zoo, Xishuangbanna's rain forest and
monsoon jungles provide a habitat for nearly 1000 species of animals.
Within thick and boundless forests wild elephants and wild oxen
ramble about, with peacocks in their pride, gibbons at play, and
hornbills whispering.
Thirteen species of wild life enjoy state protection, including loris,
the gibbons, the red-necked cranes, the brown-neck horn-bills, and the
green peacocks, which to the Dai people are a symbol of peace,
happiness and good fortune and whose graceful postures can put
professional dancers to shame.
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The region has 5,000 kinds of plants or about one-sixth of the total in
China. This has earned it the renown and sobriquet "The moonstone on
the Crown of the Kingdom of Plants".
Among these are such fascinating ones as the "color-changing
flower" whose colors change three times daily and the "dancing herb"
whose leaves rotate gently. Then there is "mysterious fruit" which
reverse tastes, turning sour to sweet.
Species of trees that go back a million years are still propagating
themselves. The "King of Tea Trees", which authorities say is at least
800 years old, continues to sprout, adding extraordinary splendor to the
homeland of the famous Pu'er tea. In Xishuangbanna, there is a saying:
"Even a single tree can make a forest and an old stalk can blossom and
beat fruit."
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Lake Dian
Known also as Kunming lake, Lake Dian is located at the foot of the
Western Hills south-west of Kunming city in Yunnan Province. Being a
bright and smooth highland lake, it's reputed as "A Pearl on the Yungui
Plateau".
The picturesque lake, dotted with sails, appears green and boundless
and shining with ripples. Along its 150 kilometers long winding bank, lies
numerous scenic spots and historical sites such as the Grand View
Pavilion, West Garden, the Lake Embankment.
The Grand View Pavilion ---Located at the lake's northern bank, it was
built in the 29th year of Kangxi Reign in the Qing Dynasty (1690 AD). It's
an exquisite structure with upturned roof-corners and eaves. Looking to the
south, one has a fascinating view of the spectacular Lake Dian, and the
graceful and full shape of the distant "Sleeping Beauty Mountain" shrouded
in white clouds.
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The lake is surrounded by lush growth of trees and plants, with peony in full
bloom in spring, and chrysanthemum blossoms found all over the place in
autumn. The golden calligraphy of the Grand View Pavilion in bold Chinese
characters sparkles brilliantly.
Western Hills Scenic Area --- Located at the west bank of the lake, it's a
large forest park with hills and ridges rising one upon another, and covered
with old tall trees. The park is endowed with dense natural forests, murmuring
streams, luxuriantly green bamboos, and crisscross with ancient paths. Scenic
spots and historical sites are over hill and dale. The area from Sanqing Tower
to Longmen is a place of concentration of the most spectacular scenic spots
and architecture, and therefore reputed as "No.1 Scenery in middle Yunnan".
Hill of Goddess of Mercy ---The temple of Goddess of Mercy perches on
the Hill at the lake's west bank, with a beak-shaped portion of the hill
extending into the lake water. The temple is confronted by perilous cliffs
covered with lush woods. A seven-storey brick pagoda stands on the hill top
which commands a bird's eye view of the Lake Dian, the mountain ranges
along the Lake, the vast expanse of fertile land, and the smoke belching from
the chimneys of fishermen's homes.
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Lijiang
Lijiang is an old town in Yunnan which serves as the perfect getaway
from the noisy cities to enjoy a quiet and peaceful time with the local
minorities. The old town of Lijiang is like a maze of cobbled streets, old
looking buildings, gushing canals and a bustling market scene,
because of this, it is often regarded as the "Venice of the Orient". What
makes the old town of Lijiang a beautiful one is the presence of the
Jade Dragon Snow Mountain which lies in the northern direction. This
mountain is a sacred sanctuary which has protected the ethnic
minorities and its unique cultures since the ancient times. The
architecture of the Lijiang Old Town is combination of the several
cultures which has made the town what it is today. The Old Town of
Lijiang is listed on UNESCO World Heritage Center. Other place of
interest in Lijiang includes the Tiger Leaping Gorge, the Museum of the
Naxi Dongba Culture and the Baisha village.
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5. Xinjiang
Urumqi
Urumqi, capital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, is located in an
alluvial fan-shaped basin on the northern slope of the Tianshan
Mountains. The city opens on to the Junggar Basin in the north. In the
Mongolian language, Urumqi means "Beautiful Meadow."
Hongshan
Hongshan Mountain is the highest spot in the center of the city.
Hongshan's main peak is 1391 meters above sea level. With towering
crags, the mountain was named after the cliffs, which gleam red in the
sun's rays every morning and evening. The upper part of the mountain
looks like the head of a tiger, so it is also called "Tiger Head Mountain."
It faces Yamalike Mountain, less than 1,000 meters away. At the foot of
the mountain is the Urumqi River, flowing from north to south. On the
top of Hongshan Mountain is a statue of Qing Dynasty (1644-1911)
national hero Lin Zexu. Standing at the "Yuantiao (looking far into the
distance) Tower" on the mountain, one can view the whole city.
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Heaven Lake
Tianchi (Heaven Lake) Natural Landscape Reserve is located at the
foot of 5,445-meter Bogda Peak, the highest mountain in the eastern part
of the Tianshan range. It covers an area of 158 square kilometers,
including the 71-square-kilometer Tianchi Scenic Area, within which are
20 major scenic spots.
Located in the north-central part of the scenic area, Tianchi Lake is
1,910 meters above sea level, 3.3 kilometers long and one kilometer
wide on average. The lake stores 160 million cubic meters of water all the
year round. Tianchi Lake freezes up in late October and thaws in early
May. In the meantime, the lake's surface is covered with ice one meter
thick. In summer, the temperature stays at around 20 ℃. It is a pleasant
and comfortable place. Tianchi is not only a summer resort, but also a
good alpine skating rink in winter. Coming from a glacier, the water of
Tianchi Lake is pure and the ice surface is smooth. With a gentle breeze
blowing most of the time, it is an ideal place for skating competitions.
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No.1 Glacier
No.1 Glacier is the source of the Urumqi River, located 120 kilometers
form Urumqi on Mount Tiangar. It is 3,800 meters to 4,000 meters above
sea level, 2.4 kilometers long, averages 500 meters wide and covers an
area of 19,500 square kilometers. Surrounding it are 76 large and small
younger glaciers.
Turpan
Turpan is located in a depression with the area of more than 1000 square
kilometers of the eastern part of Xinjiang and some 80 meters below the
sea level. And nearby the Moon Lake, or Eding Lake in local language, the
lowest water surface is 154 meters below the sea level, the second lowest
continental point in the world after the Dead Sea. Turpan is called the
Land of Fire, which was derived from the intense summer temperature,
the highest ever recorded was 47.5℃ and in summer the ground surface
temperature is about 70℃. The Depression is characterized by high
temperature and rare perspiration, so it is hot but it is not wet, during
summer, although it is extremely hot, the streets are full of people.
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The water from the surrounding mountains and underflow nourishes the
depression. And the local people developed a unique irrigation system:
"Karez", by which water is introduced to the agricultural oasis surrounded
by desert. Turpan is famous for its grapes produce. Once in Turpan
Depression, one has a feeling that as if he was in a land of grapes, The
Grape Gauge, about 8 kilometers in length, is one with grapevines grown
on the slopes of the both sides, and deep into the Gauge, there is a tourist
resort, shaded by grapevines and from late June to early October, clusters
of grapes hanging overhead and the mineral water flowing from under the
rocks make the resort a great attraction. In fact, the city proper itself is one
that is surrounded or covered by grapevines. Many streets themselves are
vineyards or trellises with grapevines, together with the fruit stands the
whole city is a mixture of the fruit orchard and market, since 1990, the
Grape festival held in the city becomes a great attraction not only to
business people, but people from all over the world.
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In history, Turpan was the capital of ancient Gaochang
Kingdom (from the sixth century) and later the administration
residence of Xizhou. It was a very important juncture on the Silk
Road through which the western cultures and Chinese culture
encountered and crashed and exchanged. A great many historical
sites and cultural relics have remained. And the city is known as a
“natural museum of man and culture.
The major tour sites of the area of the Northern Part of South
Xijiang centered by Turpan: the Flaming Mountains, the Moon
Lake, Grape Gauge, Karez System, the Ruins of ancient City of
Jiaohe, the ruins of ancient City of Gaochang, Bezeklik Thousand
Buddha Caves, Emin Minaret, Astan-Kharakhoja Tombs, Sand
Dune Park, the Sand Plant Park.
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Xi’an
Xi’an is a famous city of history and culture. It possesses a
huge amount of archeological fantasies and grand buildings of
ancient China.
Located in the north of Mount Lishan, Lintong County, xian,
Shanxi Province are the mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang, the first
emperor of Qin, and his buried terracotta soldiers. The building of
the tomb started in 246 BC and lasted 39 years until 208 BC. It is
the first imperial mausoleum of dimensions in Chinese history.
Today the mound still stands 76 meters high. The layout of its
grounds followed that of Xianyang, the capital of Qin, with inner
and outer walls. The circumference of the inner wall is 2.5
kilometers, that of the outer wall is 6.3 kilometers. The mausoleum
sits in the southwest of the inner city, facing east.
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To the east of the mausoleum lies the terracotta army buried
with Qin Shi Huang. Discovered in 1974, 8,000 life-size
terracotta warriors and horses are strong and firm in
appearance. The horses are highly realistic, the delineation
natural and exquisite. They are arranged in military formation,
demonstrating the power of Qin Shi Huang’s army.
The warriors carry real weapons. Over ten thousand
weapons are unearthed from the three vaults. The chromized
blade of one 90-cm-long bronze sword is free of rust after being
buried for two thousand years. Chariots and horses, one fourth
of the original sizes, are unearthed at the wings of the
mausoleum and known as the “crown of bronzes”. They are a
miracle in the history of metallurgy and a treasure of the
Chinese people.
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Hong Kong
Disneyland is really the happiest place on earth. The park
is divided into five different lands: Main Street, Adventure land,
Frontier land, Fantasy land and Tomorrow land. People often
call it the “Magic Kingdom”. There are so many things to see in
the park.
The most flourishing place of Hong Kong is also the location
of its government, which has Luxurious commerce edifice and
emporium everywhere. Hong Kong is called “The Heaven of
shopping.”
The Hong Kong Island is the most thriving place of the
whole of Hong Kong and is also the seat of the Hong Kong
Government bodies.
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On both sides of the streets, there are flourishing
commercial towers and shopping centers, offices of the world
famous financial bodies, shipping institutions and the
headquarters of trade companies, and consulates of various
countries and regions. The renowned Deep Water Bay and
Repulse Bay are all located here, which are Hong Kong's
mainly tourist area and residential quarters of the first class.
Hong Kong's communications are highly developed, with
subway and ground railway, highway, undersea tunnels,
motorway interchange, viaduct, ferry and airport like a piece
of huge network knitting the whole city together.
Hong Kong is a city for tourism, which is known as a fine
place for "visits, shopping and recreation".
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The Chinese scholar tree
国槐，槐树
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oriental arborvitae
侧柏
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Chinese rose
月季
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the Jade Belt Bridge
玉带桥
是颐和园里著名的建筑物之一。
玉带桥在西堤六桥中是最令人
喜爱的一座，也是西堤上唯一
的高拱石桥，桥身用汉白玉和
青白石砌成。玉带桥拱高而薄，
形若玉带，弧形的线条十分流
畅。半圆的桥洞与水中的倒影，
构成一轮透明的圆月，洁白的
桥栏望柱上，雕有各式向云中
飞翔的仙鹤，雕工精细，形象
生动，显示了雕刻工匠们的艺
术才能。
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side pavilions亭阁
Corridors 轩廊
memorial archways牌坊
corridors of tablets with poem inscriptions诗碑廊
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With purity kept in mind, one has
the thoroughfare everywhere
“归元”二字出自佛经《楞严经》：“归元无二路，方便
有多门”，意指万法归一，方便于人的门道多得很。“禅”
是“思维”、“静虑”、“弃恶”等意，禅宗是佛教大乘
教与儒学相结合的派别之一。
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water lily
睡莲，荷花
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sweet osmanthus
桂花
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fried dough sticks
油条
Fried 油炸的
Dough 生面团
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Sword Peak Pond
剑峰池
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Figure of Ashima
阿诗玛像
小石林有一个“阿诗玛”石，
风风雨雨，她都在那里翘
首以待，等待阿黑哥的到
来。
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Sani people
撒尼人
是中华民族大家庭中的一员，
是彝族的一个支系，早在公元
2世纪，滇池一带是彝族先民
活动的中心。大约在3世纪，
逐渐扩展到了滇东北、滇南、
贵州、广西一带，与其他民族
杂居融合，形成了众多的支系，
其中，居住在云南石林、丘北
一带的彝族多为撤尼人。
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The moonstone on the Crown of
the Kingdom of Plants
植物王国
西双版纳位于云南南部西双版纳傣族自治州境内，属北回归
线以南的热带湿润区，本区热量丰富,终年温暖，四季常青。
具有“常夏无冬,一雨成秋”的特点。又因距离海洋较近,受
印度洋西南季风的控制和太平洋东南季风的影响,常年湿润
多雨,所以森林繁茂密集,植物盛多.因此西双版纳被誉为“植
物王国”。
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the Museum of the
Naxi Dongba Culture
纳西东巴文化博物馆
丽江纳西东巴文化博物馆以东巴文化为特色，博物馆主
体建筑形式为仿古纳西族四合院式，根据地形地貌，充
分利用山水环境条件，形成以群体院落作为主体建筑带
的古建筑群。 博物馆按纳西族民居的发展进行布局，利
用玉泉水源和象山西麓的自然景观，由北向南开辟了古
人类洞穴居、巢居、半穴居、帐篷居、干栏居以及木楞
房、三坊一照壁、四台五天井等不同阶段的传统民居，
并在其中展出反映各时期纳西族生产力水平的民俗文物
资料。
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Hongshan
红山
位于新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市的一座褶皱断层山，通
体由二叠纪的紫红色砂砾岩构成，西端断崖出现赭红色，
故名“红山”。海拔910米，相对高度400米。因其历史
及文化背景，红山被认为是乌鲁木齐的象征。因山头状如
猛虎，峭岩色赤，故又称“虎头山”, 登临红山顶上的
“远眺楼”，边城全貌尽收眼底。红山已成为乌鲁木齐市
的象征。
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Bogda Peak
博格达峰
海拔5445米，位于东经88.3度，北纬43.8度，坐落在新疆
维吾尔自治区阜康县境内，是天山山脉东段的著名高峰。
博格达峰是由3个峰尖紧依并立而成，终年冰雪皑皑，世
称“雪海"。山峰顶部基岩裸露，岩石壁立；中部则为冰
雪覆盖，常年不化；峰顶以下则为冰川陡谷，地势险要。
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Grape Gauge
葡萄沟
吐鲁番的葡萄沟坐落于吐鲁番市东北，吐鲁番市位于天山
东部博格达山南麓,吐鲁番盆地中心,市区距乌鲁木齐市184
公里。葡萄沟系火焰山西侧的一个峡谷，沟谷狭长平缓。
沟谷西岸，悬崖对峙，崖壁陡峭，犹如屏蟑。沟内，溪流
环绕，水质纯净。
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Bezeklik Thousand Buddha
Caves
柏孜克里克千佛洞
位于吐鲁番市东45公里火焰山下，
木头沟西岸的悬崖上。凿有洞窟
83个，现存57个。其中有壁画的
40多个，总面积1200平方米，
是吐鲁番现存石窟中洞窟最多，
壁画内容最丰富的石窟群，是新
疆境内较大的佛教石窟寺遗址之
一。
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Emin Minaret
额敏塔礼拜寺
清初吐鲁番郡王为纪念他的父亲额
敏和加所建。额敏寺最引人注意的
是在全寺一角耸起的一座高大砖塔，
圆形，高达44米，下大上小，全用
米黄色砖砌筑，轮廓通体浑圆，全
体一气呵成，非常朴素。塔顶一座
小亭，穹窿顶非常圆和地结束了全
塔。在简朴的塔身表面，十分精细
地砌着凹凸砖花，呈环状分布，图
案多达十余种，简练而自然。
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Astan-Kharakhoja Tombs 阿斯塔那墓群
Sand Dune Park 沙山公园
the Sand Plant Park 吐鲁番沙漠植物园
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crown of bronzes
青铜之冠
1980年又在秦始皇陵西侧出土青铜铸大型车马2乘。这组
彩绘铜车马高车和安车，是迄今中国发现的体形最大、装
饰最华丽、结构和系驾最逼真、最完整的古代铜车马，被
誉为“青铜之冠”。
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