1)I Wysłuchaj tekstu i uzupełnij luki:
Prince Charles founded the Prince’s Trust in 1) ………….. In Britain one young person out of 2) ………….. is not in work, education, or 3)
………….. The Trust teaches new 4) ………….. and builds people’s 5) self-………….. it also gives 6) ………….. to start business. It helps
three groups: the 7) ………….., people with problems at 8) ………….. and young people from 9) ………….. homes. It even helps those in
trouble with the 10) ………….. The Trust lets people have the life they 11) ………….., not the one they 12) ………….. It has helped 13)
………….. of thousands of young people.
II Przeczytaj tekst i uzupełnij luki zdaniami A – F:
A Amy Ratter, 32, grows her own vegetables, raises animals, and owns a pony called Piper.
B Often it is so windy that the birds fly backwards.
C She believes that hard work is the key to happiness.
D It’s a breathtaking experience.
E Sometimes she feels trapped and wishes she could leave.
F My heart is beating fast as we come in to land on the windy runway.
trapped – uwięziony
runway – pas startowy
latitude – szerokość geogr.
supplies - dostawy
breeder - hodowca
regret - żałować
Foula is Britain’s most remote inhabited island. It is three miles west of Shetland and on the same latitude as St Petersburg. To the west and
the north, there are five enormous hills and the highest cliffs in the country. 1) …
Twice a week, when the weather seems reasonable a ferry visits Foula, but we are arriving on a small plane that also brings essential supplies
for the island’s population. 2) … The island has got no shops, it doesn’t even have a pub, there is just a tiny post-office. Twenty or so people
live on its 23 square kilometers including a 90-year-old. There is also a classics professor.
Not everyone relies on supplies from the outside. 3) … After years away at school and living in London, she asked herself: ‘What on earth
am I doing over there, working for someone else? What am I doing living anywhere else but here?’ Now she lives in her grandfather’s old
cottage and works for the water company, and is a member of the fire brigade. She likes to spend most of her time looking after her four
farms. Right now, she is loading hay on to Piper’s cart. 4) …
Up in the north, pony breeder and bird monitor Penny Gear doesn’t regret her decision to come back to her childhood home. ‘I love the
freedom, the beauty, the nature, the life.’ Her sons go to the school and are its only two pupils! Sometimes, she goes and watches the huge
waves. 5) … She occasionally wishes for an easier life, but never thinks of living anywhere else.
III Przeczytaj tekst i wybierz właściwą odpowiedź:
In most European countries people ‘come of age’ – that is, officially become adults – when they are eighteen. In Japan coming of age is still
twenty. Each second Monday in January there is a special coming-of-age day ceremony for these shin-seijin, ‘new adults’. I am staying with
my friend Setsuko and her parents in their apartment in a small town near Tokyo. Tomorrow is Setsuko’s big day, so she’s feeling a bit
nervous. We are looking at some pictures of Japanese ceremonies from the old days. They are amazing – the women have got shaved
eyebrows and their faces are covered in thick make-up. Strangest of all, their teeth are painted black! Nowadays things are different. I am in
the town hall with Setsuko’s family. Their anxious daughter is at the front with the other young adults. All the young men are in their best
suits. They look very smart. Two are even in traditional dress – they are each wearing a hakama which is like a strong skirt or kilt. One of
them looks very embarrassed! Practically all the women are elegantly dressed in brightly-coloured silk kimonos. It costs €2,000 to hire one
and the much-needed services of a dresser to help you put it on. Recently, numbers of shin-seijin who participate are going down. There are
also stories of bad behavior from some ‘new adults’. They treat it more as a joke than as a serious occasion and chat and speak on their
mobiles. But everyone here is well-behaved. I can’t understand a word, but there are lots of speeches from important looking people and
polite and respectful applause. The shin-seijin go on to the stage to receive a small gift to mark the occasion. The family clap enthusiastically
when it is Setsuko’s turn. They are very proud of her. The ceremony ends and Setsuko disappears for twenty minutes while her dresser helps
her out of the precious kimono. She appears calm and smiling in her ordinary clothes. Now we are all going to a Japanese restaurant to
celebrate.
1.The age where you officially become an adult in Japan is …
a/ earlier than in Europe
c/ two years later than in European countries
b/ the same as the United States
d/ different for men and women
2. Before her ceremony, Setsuko …
a/ has to shave off her eyebrows
c/ needs to paint her teeth black
b/ shows Katie some old pictures
d/ isn’t worried about the ceremony
3. What does Katie notice at the ceremony?
a/ The men are all dressed the same
c/ All the women are in kimonos
b/ It’s easy to put on a kimono
d/ One young man doesn’t look very happy
4. Coming-of-age ceremonies…
a/ are always treated with great respect
c/ are compulsory
b/ are less popular than before
d/ give you the right to vote
5. What happens at Setsuko’s ceremony?
a/ The shin-seijin sit with their families
c/ The shin-seijin receive a big gift
embarrassed – zakłopotany, zawstydzony
b/ The mayor makes the speech
d/ Everybody behaves correctly
well-behaved – dobrze wychowany
6. After the ceremony…
clap - klaskać
a/ people take photographs of Setsuko in her kimono
c/ Setsuko seems more relaxed
eyebrows - brwi
b/ everybody goes home
d/ there is a banquet for all the guests
compulsory - obowiązkowy
IV Przeczytaj tekst i wybierz właściwą odpowiedź:
Journey to Mars
NASA has an exciting new vision of future spaceflight – the return of humans to the moon by 2020 in preparation for visits to Mars and
possibly beyond.
Moon missions are essential to the exploration of more distant worlds. Extended stays on the moon build the experience and expertise needed
for the long-term space missions required to visit other planets. The moon may also be used as a place where humans can learn how to use
materials found in space to make things like rocket fuel and oxygen.
NASA’a Constellation Programme is also going to research the moon itself, looking in particular at the possibility of finding water ice at the
moon’s south pole. The new rocket, called ‘Orion’, is more like the ‘Apollo 11’ rocket used in the 1960s than the more recent space shuttles,
but it is larger and can take a crew of four people. Like the space shuttles, though, it will be used more than once – up to ten times in fact. It
will take astronauts to the International Space Station, and it will orbit the moon, sending astronauts down to the surface. When the ‘Orion’
returns to the Earth, it will drop by parachute onto land,, instead of falling in the sea. Its later missions, after 2020, will probably include
building rockets in orbit that can be sent on to discover the secrets of Mars, taking people there for the first time.
Just as the space race and the moon landings were the focus of everyone’s attention in the 1960s, it’s likely that this generation will grow up
with the excitement of manned space exploration bringing discoveries about Mars and maybe other planets.
1.What is NASA’s plan?
a/ To send a rocket containing people past the moon and on to Mars.
c/ To send more people to the moon.
b/ To send a rocket past Mars before 2020.
d/ To send space shuttles from Mars to other planets.
2. Why is the moon important to space exploration?
a/ It’s easier to see other planets from the moon.
b/ The International Space Station is getting too old to be useful.
c/ There are essential mineral and oil deposits on the moon.
d/ We need to practice spending a long time in space before going any further
3. What do scientists hope to be able to learn how to do on the moon?
a/ Dispose safely of waste rocket fuel.
c/ Move quickly across the surface of a new planet.
b/ Exploit the materials that are available there.
d/ Operate industrial factories in zero gravity.
4. Which is true according to the text?
a/ One scientist claims that there is water ice at the moon’s south pole.
c/ There is definitely water ice at the moon’s south pole.
b/ Some scientists think there may be water ice at the moon’s south pole.
d/ Scientists know there is a lot of water on the moon.
5. What is the difference between the new rocket and the ‘Apollo’?
a/ It carries more people.
b/ It is shorter.
c/ It takes off faster.
d/ The new rocket is more like a space shuttle.
6. Which of these things is ‘Orion’ not expected to do?
a/ Go back into space many times.
c/ Replace the International Space Station.
b/ Land back on Earth using a parachute.
d/ Take astronauts to the moon.
7. What is expected to happen after 2020?
a/ A permanent city will be built on the moon.
c/ Spacecraft will be manufactured in space.
b/ There will be no more space flights.
d/ ‘Orion’ will continue to orbit the Earth, acting as a communications satellite.
8. What does the writer hope might happen in the same way as in the 1960s?
a/ The mission will capture the public imagination.
c/The rockets will be launched from the same place.
b/ The moon landing will be broadcast live on TV.
d/ The same safety checks will be carried out on the spacecraft.
beyond – poza
fuel – paliwo
pole – biegun
space shuttles – promy kosmiczne
parachute – spadochron
race – wyścig
dispose of – pozbyć się
exploit – eksploatować
V Wysłuchaj tekstu i uzupełnij tabelę:
Teenage ‘tribe’ Music
Henry
Melody
Seth
Angelina
industrial - przemysłowy
permanent – stały, na stałe
spacecraft – pojazd kosmiczny
manufactured - produkowany
capture – przyciągnąć, schwytać
broadcast - transmitowany
launched - wypuszczony
safety checks – procedury bezpieczeństwa
Ambitions
2) I Wybierz właściwą odpowiedź:
1.Karen thinks George is going to
2. Spencer Silver was looking for
3. The problem with the glue was
4. Spencer Silver thought his discovery
5. Spencer’s colleague … the glue.
6. The company started to sell the notes in
a/ damage the book
b/ borrow the book
c/ stop her from using the book
a/ a strong glue
b/ a glue you could use more than once
c/ a glue remover
a/ it didn’t stick at all
b/ it wasn’t strong enough
c/ it left a mark
a/ was useless
b/ had an immediate use
c/ could be useful
a/ didn’t know about
b/ was surprised by
c/ found a good use for
a/ 1961 b/ 1971 c/ 1981
II Przeczytaj tekst i wybierz właściwą odpowiedź:
Quite a few scientific discoveries are the result of chance combined with a good eye. We all know that penicillin, the wonder drug was
discovered as the result of a messy laboratory and some dirty slides. But it took a dedicated scientist to recognize the importance of what he
saw before his eyes. I wonder how many marvellous discoveries were not made because people quite simply didn’t recognize the importance
of what was going on in front of them.
One area where chance discoveries occur is with food. Most of us have heard of that wonderful creamy blue cheese from France called
Roquefort, but how many of us know how it was invented? A lovely legend I came across in an old book gives an explanation; whether it has
any foundation in truth is another matter. Once upon a time a lonely shepherd was eating his midday meal of bread and sheep’s cheese when
he saw a beautiful shepherdess on the horizon. He was immediately struck by her beauty, and pausing only to hide his lunch in a nearby cave
ran off in search of her. He chased her up hill and down valley but was unable to catch her or even get any closer. Exhausted and
disappointed he made his way back to the cave and his lunch. Imagine his surprise when he noticed an incredible transformation had taken
place in his absence. By the light of the setting sun he saw that his plain white cheese was now streaked with a blue mould – a bit like
penicillin!
Instead of throwing the cheese away he was so hungry that he bit into it and discovered cheese heaven. The fungus in the cave and the grain
used to make the bread worked together to turn plain sheep’s cheese into the fabulous blue cheese we know today as Roquefort.
1.The writer thinks that scientific discoveries…
a/ are by chance
b/ usually happen by accident
c/ are sometimes missed
d/ are never just a question of luck
2. The writer … the legend.
a/ would like to believe
b/ doesn’t believe
c/ heard about
d/ is unsure about the truth of
3. The shepherd…
a/ almost caught the girl
b/ imagined the girl
c/ saw the girl in the distance
d/ managed to catch the girl
4. The shepherd…
a/ wanted to throw the cheese away
c/ immediately realized how wonderful the cheese was
b/ was too hungry to care
d/ thought the cheese looked disgusting
5. What made the cheese turn into Roquefort
a/ a combination of elements
b/ the fungus in the cave
c/ the shepherd’s hunger
d/ the sun’s rays
glue – klej
remover – usuwacz
slide – szkiełko, preparat
shepherd – pasterz
in search of – w poszukiwaniu
plain – zwykły
mould – pleśń
heaven - niebo
fungus – grzyby, pleśnie
colleahue - kolega
III Przeczytaj tekst i wstaw odpowiednie zdanie (A – G) w lukę (1 – 6):
A They are 800 kilometres west of the coast of Ecuador and are home to some unique wildlife.
B He was so busy working that he never had the time to marry.
C For many people the book attacked their basic beliefs about how the world was created.
D These inherited characteristics allow species to reproduce and gradually evolve.
E The ship, HMS Beagle, started its voyage at the end of 1831.
F Nevertheless, the species from each separate island on the Galapagos was different in a significant way.
G In Patagonia he came across the fossilized remains of giant mammals in the cliffs.
Charles Darwin was born in 1809 into a well-known family. He started to study medicine but gave up his studies to concentrate on his other
interests. Darwin was an enthusiastic geologist and naturalist and joined a scientific expedition to South America. 1) … While it charted the
coast of South America, Darwin was on land, taking geological samples and looking for interesting specimens. Darwin read a book about
geology, which suggested that fossils showed that animals existed millions of years ago. 2) … These creatures were now extinct. This
appeared to confirm the theory he had read about. Eventually they reached the remote Galapagos Islands. 3) …There Darwin continued his
observations. When he returned to England in 1836, Darwin discovered he was famous. Now he wanted to make sense of his findings and
solve the riddle of how species evolve over time. This was to be his major work for the next part of his life. Darwin found out that the eggs
and bird samples weren’t from completely different species but were related. 4) … Darwin came up with the idea that this occurred through
what he called ‘natural selection’. One species doesn’t turn into another overnight – it is a slow and gradual process. Essentially, species
survive by adapting to their surroundings and developing characteristics that they pass on to their next offspring and future generations. 5) …
Those that fail to adapt become extinct. He finally published this thoughts in his book On the Origin of Species. His work is controversial. 6)
… The idea that man might be descended from apes outraged many people then, and still has that power today.
species – gatunek, gatunki
evolve – ewoluować
fossilized remains – skamieniałe szczątki
samples – próbki
specimens – okazy
extinct – wymarły
riddle - zagadka
offspring - potomstwo
descended from apes – pochodzący od małp
IV Przeczytaj tekst i wybierz właściwą odpowiedź:
Nanotechnology
The main thing to know about nanotechnology is that it’s small. Really small. Nano, a prefix that means ‘dwarf’ in Greek, is shorthand for
nanometer, one-billionth of a metre, a distance so minute that comparing it to anything in the regular world is impossible. This comma, for
instance, spans about half a million nanometers. To put it another way, a nanometer is the amount of a man’s beard grows in the time it takes
him to lift a razor to his face.
Materials begin to develop odd properties when they are nanosize. Aluminium, for example, if you divide it down far enough, explodes: it
can be used in rocket fuel. This means scientists can develop a whole new range of very useful materials. ‘Nano’s going to be the invention
of plastic,’ says Paul Alivisatos, associate director of physical sciences at Lawrence Berkeley National Laborator’s new nanofabrication
centre. ‘It’ll be everywhere: in the scalpels doctors use for surgery and in the fabrics we wear.’ Alivisatos already owns a pair of stainresistant trousers, made from nano-treated fibres. I spilled coffee on them this morning, and it rolled right off.’
Nanotechnology might even offer a solution to the world’s impending energy crisis. We could replace old copper and aluminium power lines
with wires made from carbon nanotubes. Nonaotubes can carry far more current than traditional metal wires – over a million amps of current
per square centimeter – and unlike metal wires, they lose very little of that energy as heat. In theory, the nanotube power lines would carry
electricity over thousands of miles. Rather than relying on local coat-fired power plants, cities could use energy generated by giant solar
farms in deserts or by wind farms off coast. The only problem is that we don’t yet know how to make the right kind of carbon nanotube
reliably – but scientists are working on it.
1.What is nanotechnology?
a/ Technology for small items like razor blades.
b/ Industrial manufacturing in very small quantities, or to customers’ orders.
c/ Technology so small it cannot be seen even with a normal microscope.
d/ Miniature versions of familiar machines and gadgets.
2. How big is a nanometer?
a/ a tenth of a milimetre b/ a billionth of a centimeter c/ a millionth of a metre d/ a billionth of a metre
3. What happens to nanosize aluminium?
a/ It can be used as an additive in fuel.
b/ It can blow up.
c/ It isn’t silver.
d/ It reflects light differently.
4. Why is it possible to develop new materials with nanotechnology?
a/ Because elements have different properties in very small quantities. c/ Because new technology develop in order to work on a small scale.
b/ Because nonosize threads create finer materials.
d/ Because the threads in materials are always very small.
5. What is special about Paul Alivisatos’ trousers?
a/ They can walk by themselves. b/ They do not shrink in the wash. c/ They drink coffee. d/ They resist substances that could stain them.
6. How can nanotechnology help with the energy crisis?
a/ More efficient electrical wires can be created.
c/ Nanoproperties of carbon will produce a new form of clean energy.
b/ Nanoparticles can be used to clean the emissions from cars.
d/ Nanotubes offer a new way of trapping sunlight in solar panels.
7. What advantage would this improvement bring?
a/ Coal could be broken down more efficiently.
c/ Power stations could be further away from cities.
b/ It would become unnecessary to transport electricity in high voltage wires.
d/ Public transport could be cleaner and more efficient.
8. Why is the change not already being made?
a/ No reliable method has been developed for producing the nanotubes.
c/ The nanotubes are unstable and change into coal.
b/ Scientists do not yet understand the necessary nanostructures.
d/ The nanotubes only exist in theory.
comma – przecinek
razor – maszynak do golenia
odd properties – dziwne własności
surgery – operacja
fabrics – płótna, materiały
stain-resistant – odporny na plamy
fibres – włókna
impending – nadciągający
copper – miedziany
wires – druty, kable
carbon – węgiel, węglowy
current - prąd
power plants – elektrownie atomowe
additive - dodatek
threads - nitki
efficient - wydajny
advantage – korzyść, dobra strona
V Wysłuchaj tekstu i zdecyduj, czy zdania są prawdziwe czy fałszywe:
1.Carter went to Egypt for health reasons.
6. Tutankhamen wasn’t a very important Pharaoh.
2. Photography didn’t exist at the time.
7. Lord Carnarvon paid for one last chance to find the tomb.
3. Carter knew success at an early age.
8. Robbers had tried to get into the tomb.
4. Carnarvon was a professional archaeologist.
9. Lord Carnarvon’s death was mysterious.
5. The Egyptians stopped putting Pharaohs in pyramids.
10. Carter died of Tutankhamen’s curse.
curse - klątwa
3) I Wysłuchaj dwóch wiadomości i odpowiedz na pytania:
1.How much was the security van carrying?
2. How many people were involved in the robbery?
3. What did the police find at the driver’s flat?
4. Which organization has been contacted?
5. How many passengers were in the coach?
6. Where were the passengers going?
7. What was the charge against the coach driver?
8. What sentence did he receive?
9. He crashed the coach as he was crossing the …………..
10. Was anybody killed?
II Przeczytaj tekst i zdecyduj, czy zdania są prawdziwe czy fałszywe:
The London branch of the Sherlock Holmes Society is for fans of Arthur Conan Doyle’s legendary detective. Members are from many
European countries and the United States too. Some of the society’s members are travelling around Switzerland with some crimes of their
own to solve. They are a day away from the big event of their eight-day trip. The members are wearing the latest Victorian fashions in
bathing costumes. They are eating their breakfast floating on trays in the hot springs. Suddenly a woman’s terrible scream interrupts their
meal. Dr Watson is there but is unable to help her. He can’t explain her mysterious death. Our hero arrives at the scene, he is immediately
recognizable: he is wearing his famous hat , has got a magnifying glass in one hand, and a pipe in his mouth. After a quick examination he
declares that the woman is the victim of a jelly-fish. Its victim’s body leaves covered by the British Union Jack.
The society’s members put on their costumes, copies of fashions from the Victorian era, and in spite of the heat set off on a two and a halfhour walk. After a journey by steam-train, they arrive at the town of Meiringen. The town is proud of Holmes, there is even a statue and a
museum dedicated to him. On Wednesday the mayor presents him with honorary citizenship. Yet less than 24 hours later Holmes disappears
with his arch-enemy Moriarty after a struggle at the nearby Reichenbach Falls.
The question is whether these people are mad or just a little eccentric. Dr Watson (alias Charles Milner from London) gives his opinion. ‘I
don’t think we are eccentric at all. This is quite normal behavior for anyone who enjoys a good time. All the members of the Sherlock
Holmes Society say that they enjoy playing the game. Their visits receive a lot of attention and show that the world is still interested in
Sherlock Holmes. In an exclusive interview Professor Moriarty, the villain of the trip confesses it is satisfying to be the ‘Napoleon of crime’.
‘There are no boundaries for me. I can do what I like. I can plot my plans and nobody can stop me.’
1.The Sherlock Holmes Society is exclusively British.
2. They are re-enacting some of the mysteries from his stories.
3. Members wear clothes from the Victorian period.
4. Watson rescues the woman at the hot springs.
5. The hot weather means they have to stop their walk.
floating – unoszący się
interrupt – przerywać
III Dopasuj nagłówki do akapitów:
A The day-to-day reality
B A profession, a passion
C Now everyone’s an expert
6. Meiringen is embarrassed by its connection with Holmes.
7. Holmes fights to the death with Moriarty.
8. Charles Milner admits that everyone is a little bit crazy.
9. The society’s visits receive a lot of attention.
10.Moriarty enjoys his role.
magnifying glass – szkło powiększające
jelly-fish – meduza
citizenship - obywatelstwo
struggle - walka
boundaries - granice
D Not like TV
E The new Sherlock Holmes
F An unimportant tool
1… A crime scene investigator was looking for fingerprints at the scene of a burglary. The victim of the crime was not impressed: ‘That’s
not the way they do it on television,’ she told the investigator. This is an example of the ‘CSI effect’ in action.
2… Shows like CSI: Crime Scene Investigation are transforming millions of viewers into armchair detectives. The phenomenon is entering
both classrooms and courtrooms. Universities are seeing a dramatic increase in applications to forensic science programs. In court,
prosecutors are facing greater pressure from juries to present sophisticated scientific evidence. People believe that they can solve every crime
the way they do on CSI.
3… The programmes focus on the use of science in solving crimes, and much of the action takes place in a laboratory. The equipment used
on the shows is real, but the big difference is how they see it. On CSI a computer automatically matches fingerprints to those in its database.
But in real life, scientists must perform such detailed work. And while DNA testing on the show is instant, in real life it takes at least a
week. Real-life forensic scientists have to do a lot of paperwork but viewers don’t want to see someone behind a desk. Scientists are also too
busy to focus on a single case, and they may work on more than twenty at the same time.
4… In a rare error, scientists made an impression of a wound that was the shape of a knife. That was totally unrealistic. But improved
technology, such as DNA testing and advanced databases, help scientists in their crime-solving quest. Forensic experts from the L.A. County
Sheriff’s Office recently solved a 20-year-old murder by identifying the DNA in a piece of hair.
5… So what makes a great forensic scientist? ‘Strong technical competency, first of all,’ said Harley Sagara, an assistant director of the L.A.
County crime lab. Forensic scientists must also be able to explain their science. Sagara, with more than 30 years of field experience and 300
to 400 testimonies, regularly appears in court. Devine, the CSI producer, says she would recommend the forensic science field to anyone. ‘I
loved the crime scenes, I loved the challenge, and I loved the puzzle,’ she said. ‘It’s a fantastic job.’
tool – narzędzie
applications – zastosowania
prosecutors – prokuratorzy
wound – rana
quest - poszukiwanie
testimonies - zeznania
IV Przeczytaj tekst i wybierz właściwą odpowiedź:
Fossil bandits
Fossils are big business. For example in 1997, a Chicago museum paid 8.36 million dollars for a tyrannosaurus rex skeleton. Scientists
believe that only experts should dig up fossils because otherwise they may be damaged, and science may never understand them properly.
However, although most countries have laws to protect fossils, many fossil dealers search for fossils and dig them up for profit.
Some dealers are careful collectors and honest business people, others are disreputable and careless, ripping bones from national parks and
other protected areas and selling them quickly. Still others, particularly in developing countries, are very poor; finding profits on their land
can bring in a lot of money and transform their lives completely.
The people who own or who live on land that contains fossils generally realize that they are worth a lot of money. In the past, they would
often let scientists come to dig for free and give the bones to museums, but that hardly ever happens now. For most people, the possibility of
making a lot of money greatly reduces any interest they may have in allowing careful scientific research. Many fossil dealers are interested
only in money, but that is not true of all of them. Some use all the scientific techniques of modern paleontology and document their findings
in full detail. These dealers are not just selling to rich private collectors who want a dinosaur skeleton at home, but sometimes they sell to
scientific institutions and museums. Even the less honest collectors often bring great benefits to communities that have few other sources of
income. What the fossil dealers do is not always legal, but unfortunately it is unlikely that such a valuable market could work differently.
1.Why do dealers search for skeletons?
a/Because they are fascinated by dinosaurs.
c/ Because they want them for their museums.
b/ Because they can make a lot of money.
d/ Because they want to become expert scientists.
2. What is the danger in looking for fossils?
a/ The cliffs which contain them may collapse.
c/ Unless they are excavated carefully, they cannot be studied.
b/ The dealers may become richer than the scientists.
d/ Valuable mineral deposits may be wasted.
3. Why are laws to protect fossils not always effective?
a/ Dealers can make so much money that they sometimes break the law.
c/ They do not say how careful excavators need to be.
b/ Different countries have different laws, which is confusing.
d/ They don’t apply to national parks.
4. What has changed in recent years?
a/ Dealers have become more interested in serious science.
b/ Fossils now always make a big difference to people’s lives.
c/ Most of the fossils in developed countries have already been found.
d/ People who find fossils on their land are now aware they might be valuable.
5. What could scientists sometimes do in the past?
a/ Agree with dealers to study fossils carefully before selling them.
c/ Study fossils without digging them up.
b/ Dig up fossils without paying for them.
d/ Study the fossils already on display in museums.
6. Why are some dealers much more honest and careful?
a/ Because a well-documented find can be sold to a museum.
c/ Because of the publicity surrounding false dinosaur skeletons.
b/ Because it is difficult to put together a large dinosaur skeleton. d/ Because private collectors always want carefully researched skeletons
7. What is good about the actions of dishonest fossil collectors?
a/ They make governments improve the laws.
c/ They can bring a lot of money into very poor areas of the world.
b/ Publicity about their work make fossil dealers more careful.
d/ They make more skeletons available for scientific research.
8. What is likely to happen in the future?
a/ Dealers will become more interested in science, and so be more careful.
b/ Fossils will probably continue to be sold as they are now.
c/ Scientists will lose interest in fossils and only private collectors will buy them
d/ The laws will probably get stricter and dealers will be more honest.
fossil dealers – handlarze skamieniałości
disreputable – mający złą opinię
collapse – odpaść
excavated – prowadzone wykopaliska
wasted - zmarnowany
on display – na wystawie
publicity - rozgłos
V Wybierz właściwą odpowiedź:
1.Speaker 1 thinks that…
a/ prison is the best place for young criminals.
b/ people grow out of crime
c/ prison gives people the shock they need
2. Speaker two believes…
a/ locking doors and windows works well
b/ the police need to do their job
c/ burglaries are increasing
3. Speaker 3 says…
a/ the thief’s friend had left him
b/ the thief was unlucky
c/ he didn’t arrest the thief
4. Speaker 4…
a/ thinks people exaggerate the problems b/ blames the children’s parents
c/ thinks residents will respect the law
exaggerate – przesadzać
blame - obwiniać
4) I Odpowiedz na pytania po wysłuchaniu tekstu:
1.How long did their adventure last?
2. What distance did the current take them?
3. What did they see?
4. How did they feel when they got to the island?
5. How big can a Komodo dragon be?
6. It can kill the animal ………….. its size.
7. What did the divers do to keep away the dragons?
8. What does Frank Winkler do?
9. How did he know where to look for the divers?
10. Who saw the people on the island?
II Przeczytaj tekst i odpowiedz na pytania, wstawiając literę A (Arab countries), T (Thailand) lub C (China):
Where:
6. do you cover your face if you’re ill?
1.should you avoid pointing at someone with the foot?
7. shouldn’t you expect to meet the female members of the family?
2. don’t you wash in the bath?
8. should you be careful not to seem greedy?
3. don’t you show the soles of your feet?
9. do you have to eat with a particular hand?
4. should you never say anything against the king or queen?
10. should you never touch someone on the head?
5. should you avoid giving something in ‘fours’?
11. should you avoid sitting on tables?
Japan
In Japan people bow or shake hands. They never kiss. When you go into someone’s flat make sure that you take off your shoes. There are
special slippers by the door for guests. When you take a bath, you wash yourself outside the bath – the bath is simply there for relaxing.
Never blow your nose in public, even if you have a cold. When people have colds they cover their noses and mouth with masks. In the home,
never sit on tables. It’s common to drink food, especially soup noisily.
Arab countries
Make sure that you dress modestly. Away from tourist areas never wear shorts, women should keep their arms and heads covered. When you
enter someone’s home remove your shoes, but be careful never to show the bottom of your feet to other people as his is considered rude.
Always eat with your right hand, it is taboo to eat with the left one. If you are invited to someone’s home you may not meet the women of the
family.
Thailand
It is important to show respect in Thailand. Never raise your voice or speak angrily. Thai people are very proud of their monarchy and you
should never criticize them whatever your feelings. Never touch people on the head as this is considered a sacred area. Feet, as in many
cultures are considered dirty so never point to someone with your foot.
China
It is customary to give small gifts, if you can give sth from your country. Wrap it in red paper as red is a lucky colour. Four is an unlucky
number in China as it sounds like ‘death’. So never give four cups, or four flowers. It is polite to refuse food a couple of times so as not to
appear greedy. Do not wave our chopsticks around or leave them in your food. Leave a little to show that you are no longer hungry.
soles – podeszwy
greedy – chciwy
slippers – kapcie
modestly – skromnie
remove – zdjąć
sacred - święty
chopsticks - pałeczki
III Przeczytaj tekst, a następnie dokończ drugie zdanie tak, by było prawdziwe:
Where do you really come from? And how did you get to where you live today? DNA studies suggest that all humans today descend from a
group of African ancestors who began a remarkable journey about 60,000 years ago.
The Genographic Project is seeking to map new knowledge about the migratory history of the human species by using sophisticated
laboratory and computer analyses of DNA contributed by hundreds of thousands of people from around the world. The Genographic Project
is closing the gaps of what science knows today about humankind’s ancient migration stories. The project is a five-year research partnership
led by National Geographic explorer-in-residence Dr Spencer Wells. Dr Wells and a team of renowned international scientists and IBM
researchers are using the most advanced genetic and computer technologies to analyse historical patterns in DNA from participants from
around the world. This will help us arrive at a better understanding of our genetic roots. There are three parts to this project. They are: to
collect field research data in collaboration with indigenous people from around the world; to invite the general public to join the project by
buying a kit; and to use the money from kit sales to pay for further research and support indigenous projects. The project is anonymous, nonmedical and non-profit, and all results will eventually be available to the public.
1.Our original ancestors came from China. Actually, they …………..
2. The story all began 600,000 years ago. I don’t think so. It …………..
3. The Genographic Project is going to use people’s fingerprints. Really! I thought it was based on …………..
4. We don’t know anything about ancient migration. Well, actually, the project wants to close …………..
5. The project is going to focus on recent migrations. Are you sure about that? Isn’t it looking at …………..?
6. The US government and the FBI are in charge of the project. That’s not what I’ve read. …………..
7. Why can’t people like you and me be involved?
I think we can – we can …………..
8. They are going to publish the names of people who took part. I don’t think that’s right – it is …………..
9. Someone’s going to make a lot of money out of this.
Really? According to an article I read, …………..
10. They are going to keep the results secret.
The results …………..
descend from – pochodzić
ancestor – przodek
renowned – znany, uznany
indigenous people - tubylcy
in charge of - kierować
IV Napisz, kto mówi co: Milton, Sonia lub Gareth:
Who:
1.is a coach-surfer? …
2.doesn’t understand why their friend goes coach-surfing? …
3. thinks couch-surfing is a great way of experiencing a new place? …
4. is worried about the risks of coach surfing? …
5. prefers hotel holidays? …
6. has house-swapped? …
7. thinks house-swapping would work with families? …
8. is worried that their home isn’t good enough to swap? …
9. wants to find out more? …
10. hates the idea of tidying up? …
V Przeczytaj tekst i wybierz właściwą odpowiedź:
Saving the dolphin
The cove outside the town of Taigi, on Japan’s Honshu Island, must be one of the most guarded locations in the world. For years, 24-hour
patrols, razor wire-fences and steep cliffs all conspired to keep a dark secret: every autumn, Japanese fishermen gathered and killed hundreds
of dolphins for meat. No foreign activist had ever witnessed the killings up close. Which is exactly why Louie Psihoyos went there.
In 2005, Psihoyos, a photographer and filmmaker, decided to try secretly film the dolphin killing. To do this, he assembled one of the most
unique film crews in history. This team includes a former US Air Force technician, freedivers capable of swimming 88 metres underwater on
a single breath and a sailor whose official title was Director of Clandestine Operations. At the heart of the team was Roc O’Barry, the animal
trainer behind the TV series ‘Flipper’. For the past 30 years, O’Barry has worked to free captive dolphins by any means necessary. As soon
as the group arrived in Taiji, they were followed by the local police. To evade them, Psihoyos used decoy vans and booked phony hotel
rooms.
The team used infrared cameras to examine the cove’s surroundings. At night, they tracked. The patrols and set up fake rocks with cameras
and microphones hidden inside. The aviation group piloted flying cameras; divers caught the action from beneath the surface. They result is a
film that is as exciting as a crime thriller and hits like a heavyweight boxer.
After premiering the Sundance Film Festival in the United States in 2009, Psihoyos’ documentary ‘The Cove’ has gone on to win awards in
more than a dozen festivals. What’s more, the exposure has ended the killings in Taiji and put the Japanese government in the uncomfortable
position of having to admit its wrondoings. For Psihoyos, though, the awards are less important than achieving his main goal: saving the
dolphins in Taiji.
1.Why is the Taiji cove unusual?
a/ People take a lot of care to protect its ecosystem.
c/ There are always a lot of guards there to keep people away.
b/ There are a lot of sea animals there.
d/ There is a large meat packing factory on the beach.
2. What happens in the cove every year?
a/ A gathering of dolphin fishermen, which often involved violent arguments.
b/ A religious ritual involving the sacrifice of dolphins.
c/ Fishermen trapped dolphins there and slaughtered them.
d/ Japanese farmers threw meat they couldn’t sell into the sea.
3. What was unusual about Psihoyos’s film crew?
a/ Their pictures were broadcast live in an American TV series. c/ There were hiding and filming in secret.
b/ They were all Olympic swimmers.
d/ They worked for the American army.
4. What happened when the film crew arrived?
a/ They followed a police car in order to find the cove.
c/ They noticed that there were policemen watching them.
b/ They met the policemen who looked after them at their hotel.
d/ They were told to leave the country.
5. Which of these tricks did the film crew not use?
a/ They cut the barbed wire around the cove with laser tools.
c/ They made a reservation in a hotel they didn’t use.
b/ They used infrared cameras to study the cove.
d/ They made the cameras they were using look like rocks.
6. Why is the finished film so exciting?
a/ Because the film crew had to run away.
c/ Because there are pictures from the air and from under the water.
b/ Because the fishermen got very angry.
d/ Because there is a car chase with the police.
7. Did people like the film?
a/ Yes, it has been very popular and taken a lot of money at the box office. c/ No, it was not shown much after the Sundance Film Festival.
b/ Yes, it has won a lot of prizes at film festivals.
d/ No, it was only well-received in Japan.
8. Why is the director pleased with the film?
a/ Because it changed the way people think about film festivals.
b/ Because it was very popular in Japan and opened new markets for him.
c/ Because it won more awards than any other documentary.
d/ Because the Japanese government has stopped the dolphin killings.
cove – zatoczka
fences – ogrodzenie
steep – stromy
capable – zdolny (do czegoś)
captive – schwytany, uwięziony
decoy – przynęta
phony – fikcyjny, fałszywy
infrared – na podczerwień
goal - cel
slaughtered - zmasakrowany
barbed wire – drut kolczasty
well-received – dobrze przyjęty
5) I Wysłuchaj tekstu i dopasuj osoby (1-5) do zawodów (a-f):
a/ car mechanic
Speaker 1…
b/ teacher
Speaker 2…
c/ police-officer
Speaker 3…
d/ nurse
Speaker 4…
e/ hotel receptionist
Speaker 5…
f/ hospital chef
II Przeczytaj tekst i dopasuj nagłówki do akapitów:
A A servant’s life
D New cities, new dangers
B A change for the better
E Danger at work
C Improved standard of living
F No childhood for the poor
1…
Britain was the workshop of the world for over a century but the new working class carried the cost. The poor from the countryside went to
new cities like Manchester in search of a better life. In fact, conditions in the factories and new towns were often much worse. Entire families
lived in tiny houses or single rooms. Disease spread through bad weather and killed large numbers of people.
2…
People of all ages had to work – there was no real difference between adults and children. Children as young as seven worked up to 18 hours
a day 6 days a week. Children and pregnant women worked in the mines pulling loads of coal. Nor was there any limit on the hours that
people had to work. Slaves probably led better lives.
3…
Mines and factories were extremely dangerous places and there were often accidents caused by unsafe machinery. In textile factories children
were expected to clean under the machines while they were in operation. The materials they worked with were often extremely dangerous
too – girls who worked in match factories developed illnesses from working with phosphorus.
4…
Despite the large numbers in factories and the mines, domestic service was the biggest employer for young women. Life was still incredibly
hard for girls who were as young as eleven or twelve. Their days usually began at 6 when they had to clean and make up the fires throughout
their master and mistress’s house.
5…
Even though not all employers exploited their workers it wasn’t until 1833 and 1844 that new regulations concerning the employment of
children became law. Children under nine were no longer allowed to work at night, and the working day of children under 18 was limited to
12 hours. The labour and trade union movements gradually improved conditions for all workers, including children.
entire – cały
spread – rozprzestrzeniać się
loads – ładunek
phosphorus – fosfor
III Wysłuchaj tekstu i dopasuj zawody do mówiących osób:
A working in a fast food restaurant
Speaker 1…
B delivering newspapers
Speaker 2…
C babysitting
Speaker 3…
D fruit picking
Speaker 4…
E delivering milk
domestic service – służba domowa
exploit – wykorzystywać
trade union – związek zawodowy
IV Przeczytaj tekst i wybierz właściwą odpowiedź:
A Jungle Zoologist
How does a city girl and former cheerleader who had never been camping find herself sleeping in a rainforest amid poisonous snakes, being
charged by gorillas, chased by elephants, pawed by leopards, climbing rocky cliffs and diving with great white sharks?
It all started when Mireya Mayor’s anthropology class began studying primates. ‘It’s then that I was a cheerleader who had grown up taking
ballet and piano lessons,’ Mayor says. ‘But I was seized by the fact that some of these incredible animals on the verge of extinction had never
been studied, and that in some cases not even a photograph existed to show their existence. The more questions I asked, the more it became
clear to me that much about our natural world still remained a mystery.’
Mayor has since dedicated her life to solving that mystery, studying rare primates in the wild throughout the world and working closely with
local populations. Despite her lack of experience and city upbringing, she soon found herself on her first expedition in the remote wilderness
with nothing more than a couple of notebooks, a pair of hiking boots, a backpack and a hammock.
Earning her the nickname of ‘female Indiana Jones’, Mayor’s TV expedition have taken her to Central Africa’s gorillas, underwater with the
1.8-metre Humboldt squid, and to a veterinarian for leopards in Namibia. ‘When science and the media collide, extraordinary things can
happen! This is why I consider my television work just as important as my conservation fieldwork,’ she notes. ‘The TV series sheds light on
the plight of endangered places and animals around the world. Television has the power to help people know about habitats that are
disappearing. We may be facing the largest mass extinction of our time, so awareness is crucial. If we don’t act now, it will be too late.’
1.Which of these things has not happened to Mireya Mayor:
a/A poisonous snake bit her
b/ Elephants have chased her
c/ Gorillas have charged at her d/ She has climbed cliffs
2. Why did Mireya Mayor do while she was at school?
a/ She ran a science club b/ She took guitar lessons
c/ She was a cheerleader for a football team
d/ She went camping regularly
3. What fact made Mireya want to leave her city life?
a/ Life in the jungle is more exciting
b/ Many endangered animals had never been studied
c/ Many species are in danger of becoming extinct
d/ Some animals have never been photographed
4. What kind of animals does Mireya mostly study? a/ Big cats
b/ Cetaceans
c/ Insects
d/ Primates
5. Which of these things did Mireya not take on her first expedition?
a/ A good pair of books
b/ A hammock to sleep in
c/ Her mobile phone
d/ Notebooks to write in
6. With which of these animals has Mireya appeared on TV?
a/ A bird of paradise b/ A Humboldt squid
c/ A Sumatran tiger
d/ A white rhinoceros
7. How does Mireya feel about her TV work?
a/ She considers it as important as the field work
b/ She had always wanted to appear on TV
c/ She says that it useful because it pays for her field research
d/ She worries that it takes time from her real work
8. Why is people’s awareness of endangered animals important?
a/ Because it might still be possible to save some of the species
b/ Because most people don’t really care about extinctions
c/ Because scientists need more money for their research
d/ Because some of the best TV programmed are about animals
charge – atakować
paw – złapać łapą
primates – naczelne
on the verge of extinction –na granicy wymarcia
despite – mimo
hammock – hamak
squid – kałamarnica
shed light on – rzucić światło na
plight - los
endangered - zagrożony
awareness - świadomość
crucial – istotny, b. ważny
V Przeczytaj tekst, wstaw w luki zdania A-F, a następnie napisz czy zdania 1-10 są prawdziwe czy fałszywe:
A What about teenagers between 15 and 16?
B How much do teenagers get paid?
C Do children need any special kind of permission?
D How old do children have to be before they can work in England?
E What times can children work?
F How many hours can teenagers between the ages of 13 and 14 work?
1)…………..
Children are not legally allowed to work until they are 13. They are not considered unemployed until after the school leaving age of 16.
2) …………..
They can only work after 7 am and before 7 pm.
3) …………..
The rules are quite complicated for 13- and 14-year-old children. Children are only employable from the age of 13.
School days: Not more than two hours between 7 am to the start of school, or from close of school to 7 pm.
Saturdays: Up to 5 hours between 7am and 7 pm.
Sundays: Up to two hours between 7 am and 11 am.
Term time: Up to a maximum of 12 hours a week (including weekends).
School holidays: Up to a maximum of 25 hours a week. Up to 5 hours a day between 7 am and 7 pm on any day except Sunday. On Sundays,
two hours between 7 am and 7 pm. on any day except Sunday. On Sundays, 2 hours between 7am and 7 pm.
4) …………..
15- and 16-year-olds work up to eight hours on Saturdays and up to a maximum of 35 hours a week during school holidays.
5) …………..
Yes. Employers have to get a ‘work permit’ for children under 16 from the local education authority.
6) …………..
Before the age of 16 employers can pay what they like. The national minimum wage does not apply to workers under the age of 16.
Minimum wage rates:
Age 13-16the birthday – no official wage
Age 16-18th birthday - £3.57
Age 18-22nd birthday - £4.83
Age 22+ - £5.80 Employees are guaranteed the full minimum wage
1.Children can work between 7 pm and 7 am in the morning.
2. On school days children can only work two hours or less a day.
3. Children are allowed to work directly after school.
4. Children can work up to 15 hours a week during term time.
5. During the holidays the rules are different.
6. Kids aren’t allowed to work on Sundays.
7. During the holidays children can work up to 35 hours a week.
8. Children need to get their parents’ permission before they find a job.
9. Below the age of 16 an employer can pay you what they like.
10. People have to wait until they are 22 for the full minimum wage.
work permit – pozwolenie na pracę
6) I Uzupełnij notatkę po wysłuchaniu tekstu:
The Eden Project in 1) ………….. is in the 2) ………….. /………….. of England. It was created in a deep hole that was left after 3)
………….. activity. There are two 4) ………….. called ‘biomes’. One biome is 5) ………….. and has vines and olive trees. The other biome
creates the environment of the 6) ………….. It is 7) ………….. hectares large and 8) ………….. metres high. There is a walkway that takes
you through the 9) ………….. There are no 10) ………….. or spiders! You can find bananas, 11) ………….. plants and bamboo.
II Wstaw zdania (A-F) w luki:
A Global warming is melting the ice caps.
B Dr Fay and his team have walked more than 2000 kilometres through some of the wildest land in Africa.
C Their next challenge is to climb some strange-looking stone hills.
D He and his team will travel 2000 miles through the rainforests of Congo and Gabon.
E Saving these areas of natural land will allow certain animals to live and increase in numbers.
F It is under threat.
ice caps –czapy lodowe
under threat - zagrożony
increasingly – coraz bardziej
cross the rapids – pokonać
wodospady
It’s September in the Congo. Dr Michael Fay from the Wildlife Conservation Society is leading a group across the Congo basin.1) ... The
basin contains almost a quarter of the world’s rainforest. It has almost half of all the wild plants and animals in Africa
The aim of the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) is to protect a wide range of animals. Some of the world’s animals are endangered, or
currently disappearing. The WCS is also involved in the protection of animal environments. 2) … This work is becoming increasingly
difficult. Humans are taking over more and more of the places where animals used to live.
Dr Fay thinks that this may be the last chance to document the wildlife here. He and his team are planning to document the trees, plants and
animals they see there. It is going to take a long time!
After months of travelling the group arrives in Gabon. 3) … Once they get to the top they have a 360 ̊view. There isn’t a single human roads
or village. It’s unusual to be in a place where there are no people.
The next step of the journey is the Kongou Chutes, another part of the landscape the team wants to protect. 4) … More and more trees are
being cut down. This will be catastrophic for the animals and plants in the area, and bad for the land. Will they manage to cross the rapids? In
fact it takes all day for Fay and his team to cross the rapids safely.
After 15 months they reach the Atlantic ocean – it is the end of their journey. 5) … Along the way they documented as many of the things
they found as possible.
III Przeczytaj tekst i wybierz właściwą odpowiedź:
Nature-watching is not difficult if you come to Poland – all you need are the right clothes, good footwear (wellingtons or rubber-soled boots)
and binoculars. In some of the national parks, you will also need a guide.
Poland is a stopping-off for many species of migratory birds. You can see different types including cranes on the wetlands and eagles over
the meadows. The national park at the mouth of the Warta river is a paradise for bird-watchers, as are the Biebrza wetlands, lake Oświn in
Mazuria, and the small lakes of Stawy Milickie in the Barycz Valley.
The best time to track wild animals is winter and autumn, when you can observe red deer and elk rut. But even in July or August, in the
meadows around the Biebrza, you can ‘stalk’ an elk, or in the forest clearings around Hajnówka, a bison. These most powerful of Polish
mammals live wild in the Puszcza Białowieska forest and on a special reserve on the island of Wolin.
Poland is famous for its successful experiments in reintroduction. As well as the bison, some of the other species which have been
reintroduced to their natural habitat are the Polish wild horse, the beaver and the lynx. There are now ten of these predatory cats living in the
Puszcza Kampinoska forest – descendants of Ajax, who came from Poznań zoo.
It can also be interesting to encounter members of the lesser species. The Pieniny Mountains is the habitat for the most beautiful Polish
butterfly (Parnassius Apollo). In the San Valley in the Bieszczady Mountains you may come across the dark-olive Aesculapian snake, and
different coloured frogs in the Puszcza Kampinoska forests.
There are also places where wild animals can be seen from one’s own window. Wild boars frequently dig up lawns in nearby Gdańsk, while
falcons nest in Warsaw’s Palace of Culture and Science.
1.If you want to nature watch in Poland you’ll need…
a/ a guide wherever you go.
b/ camping equipment.
c/ something to look through.
d/ a good pair of sandals.
2. Many birds…
a/ are in danger from hunters. b/ seem to consider Poland a paradise. c/ stay in Poland all year round. d/ prefer areas where there’s water.
3. The summer is a good time of year to …
a/ see red deer and elk ‘ruting’.
b/ hunt bison.
c/ follow elk around.
d/ go tracking
4. Where can’t you find bison?
a/ The Puszcza Białowieska forest.
b/ Hajnówka.
c/ Biebrza.
d/ The Island of Wolin.
5. What has Poland managed to do?
a/ Bring back species to their original habitats.
c/ Successfully breed different species in zoos.
b/ Eliminate species that damage the environment.
d/ Establish entirely new species from other countries.
6. Where should you avoid if you’re scared of finding a snake?
a/ Poznań zoo.
b/ The Puszcza Kampinoska forest.
c/ The San Valley.
d/ The Pieniny Mountains.
wellingtons – kalosze
rubber-soled – o gumowej podeszwie
binoculars – lornetka
crane – żuraw
elk – łoś
beaver – bóbr
lynx – ryś
predatory - drapieżny
falcon - sokół
nest - gniazdować
IV Przeczytaj tekst i wybierz właściwą odpowiedź:
Last of the Amazon
In the time it takes to read this article, an enormous area of Brazil’s rainforest will be destroyed. The market forces of globalization are
invading the Amazon and killing the rainforest. Industrial-scale soybean producers are now joining loggers and cattle ranchers, speeding up
the destruction of the great Brazilian wilderness.
During the past 40 years, close to 20 per cent of the Amazon rainforest has been cut down. Scientists fear that an additional 20 per cent of the
trees will be lost in the next two decades. If that happens, the forest’s ecology will begin to unravel. In fact, the Amazon produces half its
own rainfall through the moisture it releases into the atmosphere. Eliminate enough of that rain through deforestation, and the remaining
trees dry out and die.
Parks, reserves and conservation units, together with indigenous territories, form the main defence against the expansion of logging in the
central Amazon. These measures may be paying off. Deforestation has fallen significantly. In the Indian lands in the Xingu area, militant
Kayapo and Panara warriors armed with clubs and shotguns patrol their borders using satellite images to spot illegal clearing of the
rainforest.
As indigenous people already know, the benefits of the Amazon are invaluable: water cycling (the forest produces not only half its own
rainfall but much of the rain south of the Amazon and east of the Andes), carbon isolation (by holding and absorbing carbon dioxide, the
forest reduces global warming and cleans the atmosphere), and maintenance of an enormous variety of plants and animals. But it’s still more
profitable to cut down the forest for grazing and farming than to protect it. Environmentalists say it’s urgent to find ways to compensate
forest people and their governments, for the ecosystem services their forests provide.
1.What new danger is accelerating the destruction of the rainforest?
a/ cattle farming
b/ cutting down trees for their wood
c/ housing projects
d/ soybean farming
2. How much of the rainforest has been destroyed in the last 40 years?
a/ 20,000 square kilometres
b/ 20,000,000 square kilometres
c/ 20% of the total area d/ 20 times more than in the preceding 40 years
3. How long do scientists estimate it will take to destroy a further 20 per cent? a/ 2 years
b/ 10 years
c/ 20 years
d/ 40 years
4. Why might the rainforest dry out?
a/ Because of global warming
b/ Because the water is being exploited for agriculture
c/ Because fewer trees release less water into the atmosphere
d/ Because weather systems are changing
5. Why has the speed of deforestation been reduced?
a/ Laws about national parks and nature reserves seem to be working
b/ Loggers are afraid to to enter the middle of the rainforest
c/ Soybeans farming requires less land than cattle farming
d/ The market for beef is slowing down as hamburger sales are dropping
6. Which of these things do the indigenous warriors not have?
a/ armoured cars
b/ clubs c/ guns
d/ satellite images
7. How does the forest reduce global warming and clean the atmosphere?
a/ By absorbing sunlight
b/ By producing energy
c/ By producing oxygen
d/ By retaining carbon dioxide
8. Why do people continue to destroy the forest?
a/ They can make more money from farming than from saving the forest
b/ They do not understand how important the rainforest is
c/ They think they can replace the forest with artificial solutions
d/ They want to find all the animals in it
soybean – soja
unravel – rozplątać się, rozwikłać
moisture – wilgoć
release – uwolnić
indigenous – tubylczy
logging – wyrąb
invaluable – nieoceniony
militant – wojowniczy
carbon dioxide – CO2
armoured - opancerzony
grazing – wypas
retain - zatrzymać
urgent – pilny
artificial - sztuczny
compensate - zrekompensować
V Wysłuchaj tekstu i wybierz właściwą odpowiedź:
1.What do humans use the most water for?
a/ for growing things and raising animals
b/ for drinking, washing and the home
c/ for industry and making consumer products
2. What is the best way of reducing the water humans use?
a/ eating less
b/ recycling water
c/ changing our diet
3. How much water does Sandi say is necessary to produce a hamburger?
a/ 20 litres
b/ 200 litres
c/ 2,000 litres
4. According to Sandi, it requires 500 litres of water to produce… a/ a litre of orange juice
b/ an egg
c/ a litre of milk
5. What consumes the most water in the production of a bottle of cola?
a/ sweetening the cola
b/ creating the liquid in the bottle
c/ cleaning the equipment
VI Wysłuchaj tekstu i napisz, czy zdania są prawdziwe czy fałszywe:
1.The restaurant is looking for full-time staff.
2. Melinda has worked in a restaurant before.
3. She has experience of serving the public.
4. It’s the first time she has been to the restaurant.
5. Staff have to be ready to work all weekend.
6. Melinda doesn’t want to be a cook.
7. Melinda needs to work to pay her school fees.
8. Melinda wants to work less than twenty-five hours.
9. Staff are paid the minimum wage.
10. There are no extra benefits.
11. Staff wear something that shows they work there.
VII Przeczytaj tekst i uzupełnij luki zdaniami (A-F):
A Even if it means losing his bet, Fogg decides to rescue him.
B By the time they realize Fogg is innocent it is too late for him to get to his club on time.
C With his manservant Passepartout he leaves London by train and get to Suez in Egypt just in time to catch the steamship to Bombay.
D My favourite scene is a balloon chase over the Alps.
E There have been several films made of the story.
F However, the railway isn’t finished so they have to do part of their journey by elephant.
One of Jules Verne’s most famous books is Around the World in 80 Days. It begins in London on October 2nd 1872 when Phileas Fogg, a
rich English gentleman, accepts a £20,000 bet that he can travel around the world in 80 days. 1) … They are followed by a Scotland Yard
detective called Fix who thinks Fogg is a notorious bank robber.
Fogg pays the ship’s engineer a reward for getting to Bombay early and on they go to Calcutta by train. 2) … On the way they rescue a
young Indian woman called Aouda, from Calcutta they travel to Hong Kong where Fix arrests Fogg. Despite Fix’s efforts to stop them Fogg
and Passepartout sail to Yokohama in Japan and then on to San Francisco. During the train journey to New York Indians attack them and
Passepartout becomes their prisoner. 3) … They have to gain time by hiring a sledge to Omaha in Nebraska from where they travel to
Chicago and New York . The resourceful Fogg finds a shop going to France and bribes the crew to take them to Ireland. From Ireland, they
take a ferry to Liverpool where Fix finally arrests Fogg. 4) … Aouda and Fogg confess their love to each other, even though Fogg tells her
that he will now be poor after losing his bet. However, when the clergyman comes to marry them, they realize that they have gained a day
because of the time change. So Fogg gets to the Reform club just in time to win his bet. 5) … Recent versions include a balloon flight, which
in fact never figured in the original.
bet – zakład
manservant – służący
sledge – sanie
bribe – dać łapówkę
clergyman - duchowny
7) I Wysłuchaj tekstu i napisz, czy zdania są prawdziwe czy fałszywe:
1.Gina has been to Barcelona once.
6. They hope to finish the Sagrada Familia by 2030.
2. Gaudi was Catalan.
7. Gaudi has a unique style.
3. Gaudi was a very religious man.
8. Gaudi built a number of houses for his clients.
4. Gaudi planned 8 towers for the Sagrada Familia.
9. You can visit the Casa Batllo.
5. The Sagrada Familia was damaged during the war.
10. Gaudi was killed by a tramp.
II Przeczytaj tekst i odpowiedz na pytania:
Which artist:
1.went abroad a lot? …
2. left the countryside for London? …
3. combined portraits with landscapes? …
4. is considered the greatest landscape artist? …
5. was a little bit mad? …
6. illustrated and published his own books of poetry? …
7. had an effect on later artists? …
8. made his name as an anatomist? …
9. also tried painting on porcelain? …
10. painted the same building several times? …
J.M. William Turner (1775 – 1851)
He was born in London, the son of a barber but showed great promise as a young artist. He joined the Royal Academy school when he was in
his early teens and became a full member of the academy when he was just 27. He travelled widely and found inspiration in Venice and the
Swiss mountains. A landscape and seascape painter, he worked in oil and water-colours. Often the sea, the air and the sky seemed to become
one. His work greatly influenced the Impressionist painters later in the century.
Thomas Gainsborough (1727 – 1788)
He was born in Suffolk but as he became better known moved his studio to Bath which was much more fashionable. Although he enjoyed
painting landscapes, he is best known for his portraits of rich and prominent people. His most famous painting is probably the Blue Boy that
shows a young man dressed in a suit of blue silk. Some of his full length portraits show his subjects against a background of woods and
countryside. Few painters could rival his ability to capture the texture and light on fabrics.
George Stubbs (1724 – 1806)
Stubbs is best known as a painter of animals, in particular horses. He established his reputation with his series of prints called The Anatomy
of the Horse. He made fortune from painting the horses and carriage his rich patrons. His most painted subject, however, is one of a horse
being frightened by a lion. Later in his career he experimented with painting on ceramic panels for the Wedgewood family, famous for
producing high quality porcelain.
William Blake (1757 – 1827)
He was an extraordinary artist who was also a poet and philosopher who developed his own mythology. He was a mystical artist who
experienced visions and lived on the edge of sanity. He was a student at the Royal Academy but hated any kind of authority. He produced
unusual engravings that appeared in his books of poetry. His paintings were used to illustrate scenes from the Bible and Dante. He was a
supporter of revolutionary causes and spent his life in London.
John Constable (1776 – 1837)
The son of a rich miller, Constable is undoubtedly Britain’s most famous landscape artist. He was brought up and worked in Suffolk. He
made hundreds of oil paintings that showed how changes in the weather and clouds affected light. At the time, he was more popular in
France than in England. He concentrated on large landscapes and paintings of Salisbury Cathedral, which he painted in different types of
weather. In 1821 he moved to Hampstead village then north of London where he continued to paint views of the famous wild area called the
Heath.
on the edge of sanity – na skraju szaleństwa
engraving – sztych
III Wysłuchaj tekstu i uzupełnij tekst:
Amber jewellery has a 1) ………….. year history in Gdańsk. Every year in March there is a 2) ………….. Amber isn’t a stone. . in fact it is
made from 3) ………….. Millions of years ago the Baltic region 4) ………….. These trees are 5) ………….. Amber isn’t cold and heavy
like a stone, in fact it is 6) ………….. and 7) ………….. Amber has some special qualities too. It helps babies with 8) ………….. and people
who have problems with their 9) …………..
Amber - bursztyn
IV Przeczytaj tekst i wybierz właściwą odpowiedź:
A Vision of Peace
Few paintings are as enchanting as one that was painted 1,500 years ago on a cave wall in India. To see it, the eyes must first adjust to
darkness. Soon it becomes impossible to turn away. The figure is of a man, he wears a tall crown and holds a delicate lotus flower in one
hand. His face is tranquility itself. His eyes are half-closed and there is a faint smile. His whole being is absorbed in the sweetest dream
possible.
This face has radiated serenity since the 5th century, when Buddhist monks inhabited a set of remarkable cave temples in central India. ‘The
painting is a mirror,’ whispered my guide, Indian photographer and filmmaker Benoy Behl. ‘It shows us a divine part of ourselves.’
To see the painting, Behl and I drove to a gorge of the Washington River, east of Mumbai. There are more than 24 man-made caves in the
dark rock face of the gorge. The painted figures inside tell stories from the many past lives of the Buddha or incidents from the life of the
Buddha.
Few visitors have been affected more powerfully than Benoy Behl. When he first visited the caves in 1991, he gave himself a challenge. Was
it possible to photograph the cave murals using only available light? For 2 years Behl photographed every human, animal, plant and god on
the walls and ceilings, in close-up or as part of larger compositions. He would leave his shutter open for minutes at a time. The results were
incredible.
Behl published a book of his photographs and exhibited then around the world. He also made a series of films on Indian paintings and
sculptures, taking high-quality photographs of other pre-modern paintings. Behl’s work has helped scholars see early India art in a fresh
light, as part of a more extensive traditions.
1.Why is it difficult to see the paintings in a cave?
a/ It is badly damaged
b/It is possible to get close to the picture c/ This picture is very small d/ There is very little light in the cave
2. How does the man in the picture look?
a/ Peaceful and happy
b/ Real and authoritative
c/ Tired and sleepy d/ Worried and anxious
3. Who painted the picture?
a/ An unknown 15th century artist
b/ A pre-modern ‘dream artist’ c/ Benoy Behl
d/ 5th century Buddhist monks
4. According to Behl, what do you see when you look at the painting?
a/ How to be happy b/ It looks like a scene from a film
c/ The part of yourself that is like a god
d/ Your own face
5. Where is the cave with the paintings and how was it made?
a/ It is one of the 24 caves dug by ancient monks in a gorge
b/ It’s one of the 24 natural caves along the Waghora River
c/ It was dug to the east of Mumbai by 24 men
d/ The caves is in the grounds of a monastery 24 kilometres from Mumbai
6. What do the other paintings there show?
a/ Stories about the Buddha’s previous lives
b/ Stories about the heroic acts of faithful Buddhist
c/ Stories about the Waghara River people
d/ the monks who lived in the caves
7. What did Behl decide not to use in photographing the picture?
a/ A digital camera b/ Artificial lighting c/ A zoom lens
d/ Slow shutters speeds
8. What impact has Behl’s work had on the study of Indian art?
a/ More is known about the paints and techniques used in the 5th century
b/ People now see connections between these paintings and others elsewhere in India
c/ People understand the stories in the paintings better
d/ The light he uses has shown people the red colours of the paints
enchanting – czarujący, uroczy
adjust – przystosować się
tranquility – spokój
radiate – promieniować
serenity - spokój
divine - boski
gorge - wąwóz
impact – wpływ
V Przeczytaj tekst i uzupełnij tabelkę:
Vincent van Gogh
when and where born
Salvador Dali
family life
relationships – love life
artist and influences
subject and style of paintings
artistic movement
mental health
fame and riches in their lifetime
Vincent Van Gogh is one of the world’s most famous and most popular painters, yet in his lifetime he was unknown. He was born in Holland
in 1853. He worked as a teacher and missionary before becoming an artist. His earliest work was in watercolour. His early paintings show
the lives of poor people and use lots of dark colours. After seeing works by Impressionist painters and brightly-coloured prints by Japanese
artists he changed his style. He produced the brighter, more colourful paintings he is best known for. He is considered a Post- impressionist
painter. In 1888 he went to Arles in the south of France. Fellow artist Paul Gauguin joined him for a period, but they argued and Gauguin
left. In a notorious incident Van Gogh cut off part of his own ear. Suffering from mental illness he went into an asylum, but still produced a
further 200 paintings. Throughout his short life he received the support of his brother Theo, but he was always unlucky in love. His style is
immediately recognizable with its bright colours, and swirls of thick paint express his inner emotions. He painted landscapes, portraits of
people he knew and scenes that showed his room and everyday life. He is especially famous for his paintings of sunflowers. In the summer
of 1890 Van Gogh’s state of mind became worse and he killed himself. He died in obscurity and sold just one painting in his lifetime, but
nowadays museums and collectors pay a fortune for his work. His painting of 15 sunflowers in a vase was sold for almost $40m, a record at
that time, while his portrait of Dr Gachet later fetched over $80m. The ‘nobody’ is now a household name.
Salvador Dali was born on 11 May 1904, in Figueras, Spain. He is one of the world’s most distinctive painters, and an important figures
within the surrealist movement. As a young artist he was influenced by the great classical painters. Later on he met and admired Picasso. He
became well-known in Spain and then joined the surrealist movement. Another member was the Belgian artist Rene Magritte. The surrealists
were influenced by the ideas of psychoanalysis and the power of the unconscious mind. Dali’s paintings were often based around his strange
and disturbing dreams. In his later paintings he used a lot of complicated symbols and techniques to trick the eye. He was an extremely
skilful artist whose work is almost photographic in its nature. His painting Persistence of Memory was based on one of his dreams. His
unusual pictures and eccentric behavior meant he was always in the public eye. In 1936 he appeared at a surrealist exhibition in London
wearing a diving helmet on his head. Dali said of himself, ‘There is only one difference between a madman and me. I am not mad.’ In 1929
he met his wife, Gala, who was his inspiration in their long life together. He became very rich and successful and sold hundreds of paintings.
Andre Breton, considered by many to be the leader of the movement, nicknamed him ‘Avida Dollars’ (an anagram of his name) because of
his love of money. He shocked and upset many people with his infamous behavior and the things he said. The highest price for one of his
paintings was $4m in 1987. Dali died of old age in 1989.
notorious – mający złą sławę
mental illness – choroba umysłowa
asylum – szpital psychiatryczny
in obscurity – w nędzy
household name – znane nazwisko
8) I Wysłuchaj tekstu i uzupełnij zdania:
1.Trudy’s skin always feels worse in ………….. weather.
2. Jacky read an article in a …………..
3. The fish ………….. dry and dead skin.
4. Trudy thinks they sound like being …………..
5. Jacky says the results are …………..
6. Trudy thinks that the idea of doing this is …………..
7. Afterwards your skin is soft and …………..
8. The fish are known as ‘………….. fish’.
9. The fish originally came from …………..
10. There is even a spa in …………..
11. Trudy is going to continue putting ………….. on her body.
II Wybierz właściwą odpowiedź:
It is extraordinary that people are able to invent so many different kinds of game. I was travelling in Bangladesh when I came across people
playing a game called Kabaddi. It is like a sophisticated form of playground ‘tag’, you know where you run after someone and catch and
wrestle them. The goal is to eliminate the opponents of the opposite team. Apparently a form of the game has been played for around 4000
years. It is still used in some countries as part of the training programme for soldiers. It is based on the observation of animal behaviour
where the hunter selects the weakest member of another group as its prey.
I couldn’t understand how it was played until somebody explained the rules to me. Basically it is played on a pitch which is about half the
size of a basketball court. There are different versions of the game but in the international one there are two teams of seven players. Each
team has some members who are raiders, that is, who mainly attack. Raiders go into enemy territory and catch and defeat an opponent who
is then ‘out’. They do this by wrestling their opponent to the ground the defenders link hands and try to prevent the attacker returning to his
territory. It sounds simple, I know, but all the time the attacker does this he has to hold his breath and say the word Kabbadi continuously
without taking a breath! If you breathe in when you’re in enemy territory then you’re out! Defenders form a chain to prevent the attacker
returning to home. It’s a pity that the game is more or less unknown in the west, as it is quite exciting to watch. There was an attempt a few
years ago to show it regularly on British TV, but even with a large Asian community the audience numbers were so poor that it was quickly
dropped from the TV schedule.
1.Kabbadi …
a/ is played with a ball
b/ is like a game schoolchildren play
c/ uses a special kind of racquet
d/ has a large goal
2. Kabbadi has its origins…
a/ in military training
b/ in the last century
c/ in religious tradition
d/ in the way animals act
3. Kabbadi…
a/ can be played on a full basketball court
c/ has no boundaries
b/ has more than 9 different varieties
d/ has an agreed version for international matches
4. If you are a defender…
a/ you are ‘out’ if you breathe
c/ you can also be a raider
b/ you have no defence against an attacker
d/ you can block the return of the raider.
wrestle – ćwiczyć zapasy
5. Kabbadi…
prey - ofiara
a/ didn’t become popular with TV viewers
c/ has never been shown on western TV
raider - napastnik
b/ only appeals to the Asian community
d/ is mostly popular with rich people
attempt - próba
III Przeczytaj tekst i wstaw zdania A-G w luki:
A I’m normally not very keen on this kind of programme, but sometimes you see an act that is astonishing.
B It has taken them all this time to become an overnight sensation in their home country.
C But back in Poland they live with their families in cities over 300 km apart.
D Their lives are a constant battle against injury.
E They were particularly big on New York’s Broadway.
F She informed me that the two-man team was called Melkart Ball, after the ancient Sun God.
G Their performance seemed to break the laws of physics.
genuinely - autentycznie
I was zapping through the TV channels in my hotel room, when I landed on a talent show. I quickly realized I had tuned into the final of the
Polish version of Britain’s Got Talent. 1)… That evening I wasn’t disappointed.
There was some haunting music and then two men appeared. They looked like Greek statues that had come to life. What happened then
hypnotized me for the next few minutes. They performed a balancing an acrobatic routine that I had never seen before. 2) … At the end of
their act the studio audience erupted in applause and stood up in their seats. The jury seemed genuinely moved as well. They richly deserved
the €100,000 first prize. And it made me want to find out more about them. Were they a pair of unknown acrobats who had perfected their
performance in a garage, or was there something more?
The following morning I asked a colleague to tell me more. 3) … The performers’ actual names were Bartek and Jacek. They had both
become involved in Acro Sports at the ages of seven and eight. And even though they had been medal-winning acrobats in Poland, they had
to go abroad to pursue their careers. They first met up when they were on tour with a circus. Now, as part of the Canadian circus group Le
Cirque Eloise, they have performed all round the world. 4) … The current show is called Rain. They perform only in theatres – and the
group’s aim is to move their audiences, not just make them laugh. Once they received a letter from one of the spectators which said, ‘Those
two hours I spent in the theatre were the most beautiful two hours of my life.’
They spend nine months of the year travelling with their act and are like brothers. 5) … They are ordinary guys who enoy fishing and
basketball. They train together as much as they think is necessary to stay fit and healthy. Their act is the result of years of hard work and
dedication and proves that there is no such thing as effortless talent or excellence. 6) … Now, their ambition is to present their work in
Poland.
IV Przeczytaj tekst i wybierz właściwą odpowiedź:
Reservoir Hosts
As we all know, animals prey on one another, generally choosing smaller species than themselves to kill and eat. The pathogens which cause
infectious disease, however, choose bigger species to inhabit. Predators regularly prey on the same few species, but sometimes they choose
other species when they are available. In the same manner, pathogens regularly infect certain species but then sometimes they infect different
ones.
Viruses ate the simplest kind of pathogen, and also the most problematic. They evolve quickly, they are unaffected by antibiotics, and they
can kill in large numbers. Diseases carried by viruses include influenza, rabies and yellow fever. Sometimes a species can carry a virus but
not be affected by it. These species are called ‘reservoir hosts’. Reservoir hosts can then transmit the virus to other species which are then
infected.
It has recently been found that in many cases the reservoir hosts species is some kind of bat. Nobody knows the reason for this, but perhaps it
is because there are so many different kinds of bat and they travel so widely. They are mammals and they come into contact with many other
kinds on the ground and in the trees because they fly. That makes them a perfect choice from the point of view of a virus.
In recent years, there have been several outbreaks of new viruses transmitted from bats to other animals and to humans: two especially
worrying viruses were Nipalu in Malaysia in 1998 and Sars in China in 2003. One theory links these new outbreaks to human activity. Why
have these reservoir bats come into contact with the human population only now? Perhaps it is because their habitats have been reduced or
destroyed by deforestation. That drives bats nearer to the farms and cities, where pigs, chicken and humans can pick up their viruses.
1.What creatures generally prey on species larger than themselves?
a/ bats
b/ humans
c/ pigs
d/ pathogens (like bacteria or viruses)
2. Do pathogens always infect the same species?
a/ Generally they always infect a small group of related species
b/ Generally yes, but they can sometimes jump to different ones
c/ No, they can generally infect any species
d/ Yes, always
3. Which of these is not given as a reason why viruses are a problem?
a/ Because they are not killed by antibiotics
b/ Because they are so complex
c/ Because they can change fast
d/ Because they can kill a lot of people at one time
4. What is a ‘reservoir host’?
a/ An animal that allows other animals to live with it and so passes on diseases
b/ An animal that carries a virus but does not become ill
c/ An animal that can be infected by many different pathogens at one time
d/ An animal that lives near water and can carry a virus
5. Which of these is not given as a reason why the hosts are often bats?
a/ Bats are mammals
b/ Bats can fly
c/ Bats travel a lot
d/ Vampire bats drink other mammals’ blood
6. What do Nipalu and SARS have in common?
a/ Both outbreaks started in the same year
b/ Both started in China
c/ They were both carried by reservoir bats
d/ They were mutations of influenza
7. Why human activity might explain the outbreaks?
a/ Carbon emissions
b/ Cutting down forests
c/ Fossil hunting
d/ Genetically modified crops
8. How does this activity explain the outbreak?
a/ It forces bats to go where other people and their animals live
b/ It reduces animals’ resistance to viruses
c/ It releases ancient forms of viruses
d/ It spreads new man-made viruses
reservoir host – nosiciel
influenza – grypa
rabies – wścieklizna
yellow fever – żółta febra
bat – nietoperz
outbreaks – epidemia
related - spokrewniony
complex - skomplikowany
resistance – odporność
spread – rozprzestrzeniać się
V Dopasuj osobę do pytania, a następnie wybierz właściwą odpowiedź:
A someone returning to work?
Speaker 1…
B a visit to the doctor?
Speaker 2…
C a way of staying well?
Speaker 3…
D feeling ill on public transport?
Speaker 4…
1.Carlos…
a/ is already ill
b/ thinks he’s going to be sick
c/ doesn’t believe Emily’s advice
2. Melanie…
a/ helped a boy on the underground
b/ wants to see the boy again
c/ is a medical student
3. Mr Granger…
a/ had a skiing accident
b/ is going to speak to Mrs Willioughby
c/ isn’t the only person who as been ill
4. The doctor…
a/ gives some strict instructions to Alan
b/ says Alan can go swimming
c/ didn’t know what was wrong with Alan
9) I Wysłuchaj tekst i napisz, czy zdania są prawdziwe czy fałszywe:
Frank:
1.has never bought anything online.
7. agrees that it is more inconvenient than going to a shop.
2. enjoys normal shopping.
8. never takes risks when buying things online.
3. buys books and music online.
9. admits that shops sometimes give you a better choice.
4. doesn’t even like going into bookshops.
10. has never bought anything from e-Bay.
5. enjoys supermarket shopping.
11. has sold things through e-Bay.
6. had to send back some shirts.
II Przeczytaj tekst i dopasuj tytuł do akapitów:
a/Trying to escape
d/ Hey! Look at me!
b/ Set yourself a limit
e/ How big is e-Bay?
c/ So weird
f/ A simple vision
1…
If e-Bay were a country it would be as rich as Kuwait in terms of the money it generates. If the people who make their living
selling goods on e-Bay were joined together, they would be bigger than Wal-Mart, the USA’s biggest supermarket chain. To give you an idea
of Wal-Mart’s size, it has more people in uniform than the US army.
2…
Who is the person behind this success story? Believe it or not e-Bay’s founder Pierre Omidyar wrote the basic programme for it
over a holiday weekend back in 1995. The very best thing that was sold was a broken laser printer. It is hard to imagine why anyone wanted
to buy it.
3…
The site that has attracted the most people was of a man wearing his ex-wife’s wedding dress. He was trying to sell it, you see,
and he believed that this was an ideal way of getting people’s attention. He certainly succeeded.
4…
Sometimes people seem to use auction sites as a way of showing their desperation. A man who had emigrated to Australia and
who wanted to leave as quickly as possible put his life on e-Bay. He had all his personal possessions including his house and even his job as
the manager of a carpet store.
5…
This is probably a piece of Britney Spears’ used chewing gum. In fact, there are quite a lot of objects like this for sale, although it
is difficult to verify if they really do belong to a star. As for the most valuable thing, that was a jet that fetched almost five million dollars.
jet – odrzutowiec
III Wysłuchaj tekstu i odpowiedz na pytania: Steve, Helen czy Karl?
Who:
1.admires Steve’s new shirt?
2. thinks designer clothes are poor value for money?
3. introduces the topic of German cars?
4. thinks Japanese are the most reliable?
5. says that cars from other countries are the same as German-made models?
6. admits that his/her arguments aren’t logical?
IV Przeczytaj tekst i napisz, czego dotyczą podane liczby, a następnie odpowiedz na pytania:
Shopping for groceries is one thing, but if you want a real experience then it is impossible to beat a trip to Harrods, one of the world’s most
famous department stores. It’s nice to buy something just to get one of its green and gold bags, but you can just go to breathe in the
atmosphere of luxury. You don’t have to dress up, but there is a dress code. They won’t let you in if you are too badly dressed or are showing
too much bare stomach. The store covers 18,000 square metres and has 30 departments including its food hall, all of which sell top-quality
merchandise. Separate shops sell top designer brands. Harrods employs over 5,000 people from 50 different countries.
Harrods has come a long way since 1834 when Charles Henry Harrod set up a grocery store specializing in tea. In 1849 he moved to a small
shop on the site of today’s store. His son, Charles, expanded the range of goods sold to include perfume, medicine stationery and fruit and
vegetables. The store burned down in 1883, but the business continued to expand. The store has always been ready to try out new things. In
1898 it had the world’s first ‘moving staircase’. In 1985 it was purchased by the Egyptian Al Fayed brothers who spent £400 million
modernizing it. Two memorials to Princess Diana and Dodi Fayed, Mohamed Al Fayed’s son, are in the store.
It lives up to its motto of omnia omnibus ubique – ‘all things for all people everywhere’. They used to say that you could get anything from a
pin to an elephant. You may not be able to buy an elephant, but you can find designer clothes for your pet. And if you had £250,000 to spare,
you could treat yourself to a Madame Tussauds waxwork of yourself! In 2007 the firm used a live Egyptian cobra to protect a pair of jewelcovered shoes. On busy days, it welcomes up 300,000 customers and its vans make a quarter of a million deliveries each year. Many of these
carry one of its luxury food hampers – a most welcome present. For children, the highlight of the year is a visit to Father Christmas’ grotto,
but you need to book early to avoid disappointment. Another big event is the winter sale, which starts between Christmas and the New Year.
A celebrity, like singer Lily Allen or Desperate Housewives star Eva Longoria, opens the event. Some bargain hunters camp out overnight to
be the first to get into the store. On the day of the sales the store can take £1 m in an hour.
1.18,000 m² - ………..
2. 30 - ………..
3. 5,000 - ………..
4. 1834 - ………..
5. 1883 - ………..
6. 1898 - ………..
7. 1985 - ………..
8. £400 million - ………..
9. £250,000- ………..
10. 300,000 - ………..
11. £1 m - ………..
12. 2007 - ………..
bare stomach – goły brzuch
merchandise – towary
designer marks – markowe rzeczy
13. Why can Harrods sometimes refuse entry to the store?
14. How did Charles Harrod develop his father’s business?
15. What great innovation did the store introduce?
16. How do the Al Fayeds keep the memory of Dodi and Princess Diana alive?
17. What item can you often find in a Harrods delivery van?
18. What do parents need to do if they want to take a child to see Father Christmas at Harrods?
19. What begins between Christmas and New Year?
20. How does Harrods mark the beginning of this event?
expand - rozszerzyć
hamper - kosz
entry - wstęp
V Przeczytaj tekst i wybierz właściwą odpowiedź:
Beverly Hills 90210
‘You are way too blond,’ says hair guru José Eber, running his hands through the hair of a distraught customer. ‘You need to go red.’
It’s a Saturday afternoon inside Eber’s Beverly Hills beauty salon. The salon is a series of mirrors, lights and whirring blow-dryers that
resembles a futuristic spaceship. Eber charges $175 for this 15-minute opinion. If he actually cuts your hair, it costs another $300.
‘But I’m tired of orange and red,’ the woman replies. Eber doesn’t budge. ‘I see you red. And your lipstick is all wrong. Are you ready for a
major change?’ Eber is wearing a tennis diamond bracelet, a cowboy hat and a long ponytail. His first move after arriving in Beverly Hills, in
Southern California, was to borrow the money for a new Rolls-Royce. ‘It was the best thing I ever did,’ explained Eber. ‘In Beverly Hills if
people believe you are doing well, then you are doing well. In Beverly Hills, perception truly is reality.
A colourful cocktail of entertainment stars, new money and year-round sunshine, Beverly Hills proudly celebrates ostentation. It may not be
the richest place in the world, but here wealth is enthusiastically displayed. The local Gucci boutique is completely sold out of $750 dog
bowls. Beverly Hills is the mecca of materialism: 300 luxury boutiques, 23 plastic surgeons, two salons specializing in eyebrows.
‘Everything revolves around shopping,’ explains a resident, ‘whether it is for new shoes or a new face.’ The number of stars who live here
has become such an attraction that some of the wealthier residents have grown uncomfortable. Fourteen million tourists come every year, as
a result of which many of the largest and the most expensive villas are now secluded within private gated communities.
1.How does the hair guru treat his customer?
a/ He gives her a haircut without asking her opinion at all.
c/ He insists that he knows better and disregards her opinion.
b/ He gives her exactly the hairstyle she wants.
d/ He listens to her and then develops her opinion creatively.
2. What is the price of a consultation and haircut?
a/ $175
b/ $200
c/ $300
d/ $475
3. What does the guru’s clothing suggest?
a/That he is rich and informal.
c/ That his family work with cattle
b/ That he likes to be modest about his success.
d/ That he is serious sports player.
4. Why did he buy an expensive car?
a/ Because he had a lot of money.
c/ Because he wanted to talk to him about cars.
b/ Because he loves Rolls-Royce cars.
d/ Because he wanted people to think he had a lot of money.
5. Which of these does the text say about Beverly Hills?
a/ That criminals there make fake money.
c/ That people there love to show how rich they are.
b/ That criminals there love drinking cocktails.
d/ That residents have paid for scientists to change the weather
6. Why might a customer be disappointed in the Beverly Hills Gucci store?
a/ All of the special plates for dogs to eat from have already been sold.
b/ One of her dresses looks as though it was designed for a dog.
c/ They do not stock products for pets.
d/ The window display is designed to appeal to customers’ dogs.
7. What does the Beverly Hills resident say?
a/ That she has recently had plastic surgery on her face.
c/ That shopping is the most important thing people do in Beverly Hills.
b/ That the shops in Beverly Hills keep changing.
d/ That you can find many different kinds of shops in Beverly Hills.
8. What do the residents think about tourists?
a/ Many of them hide by building their homes in private areas with high security.
b/ Most of them welcome tourists into their homes.
c/ They are not worried because the tourists only want to see one or two villas.
d/ They have built villas for the tourists to visit.
distraught – zrozpaczony
budge – poruszyć, zmienić stanowisko
plastic surgeon – chirurg plastyczny
gated communities – odgrodzone społeczności
10) I Wysłuchaj tekst i wybierz właściwą odpowiedź:
1.Marina was on holiday in… a/ Burma
b/ Thailand
c/ Singapore
2. The restaurant she went to serves … food.
a/Chinese
b/ Indian
c/ vegetarian
3. Annalakshimi is the God of …
a/ food
b/ love
c/ laughter
4. The people who work there are…
a/ monks
b/ nearly all volunteers
c/ professional cooks
5. People pay…
a/ what they think the meal is worth
b/ a fixed price
c/ what they can afford
6. The diners are mostly…
a/ expatriates
b/ Singaporeans
c/ tourists
II Przeczytaj tekst i zdecyduj, czy zdanie jest prawdziwe czy fałszywe:
Unfortunately for viewers, reality programmes have taken over our TV screens. Even so there is a programme I always enjoy watching. It is
a competition where five people take it in turns to cook dinner in their own homes for the others. Each evening the diners go to someone
else’s house for something to eat and then they secretly give each other a mark out of ten for how they think the evening went. They are
supposed to take into account the way the table is decorated, how good the food was, of course – and what kind of atmosphere there was
during the evening. The one who gets the best mark walks away with a £1000 cash prize at the end of the final evening.
For me, the least interesting part of the programme is the food. The two things I find interesting are the relationship between the guests and
how they score each other. The programme makers seem to choose people they know won’t get on. In fact, by the end of the five evenings
together, at least two of the contestants hate each other! The other thing is how to mark each other. Let’s be honest about this, each one of
them would like to be the winner of the final prize. Even so, most people play fair and give their host an honest mark. However, sometimes
the mark they give can be ungenerous and destroy someone else’s chances. On one occasion, three of the four guests had given the final meal
of the competition eight or nine out of ten, which it appeared to deserve. Unfortunately, the final voter, until that point the most successful
hostess, gave the evening just five. She had wanted to win at all costs and walked away with the 1000-pound prize. Essentially, she cheated –
there is no other word for it. I was surprised that the programme makers allowed her to do it.
The writer:
1.thinks there are too many reality shows on TV.
2. says there are six different meals.
3. says nobody knows the marks the other people give him.
4. tells us contestants aren’t just marked on the food.
5. isn’t that interested in the food.
6. thinks the programme makers want to create conflict.
7. says there are people who don’t care if they lose.
8. thinks most people have a sense of fair play.
9. suggests that the last meal deserved a high mark.
10. believes the woman knew she was behaving unfairly.
11. is shocked the programme makers did nothing.
take into account – wziąć pod uwagę
contestant – zawodnik
ungenerous – nieszczery
III Wysłuchaj tekstu, a następnie uzupełnij tekst:
In pre-Christian times people used to sacrifice 9) ………….. or as a substitute ox’s 10) ………….. to thank the gods. In 11) 18………….. a
priest in the parish of 12) ………….. told everyone that. He wanted to do something to 13) ………….. the saint, and to help the 14)
………….. A pastry 15) ………….. had the idea of changing the shape to make it look like a 16) ………….. lost by the saint’s horse! Richer
people paid more for it so that the 17) ………….. paid nothing.
ox - wół
IV Przeczytaj blog Kirsten i wybierz właściwą odpowiedź:
18th October
Mrs Merchant Has told me that they are going to have a fireworks party on 5th November. She says that is an
important festival for English people.
20th October
Apparently it celebrates the Gunpowder plot. In 1605 some people wanted to blow up the King while he was in
Parliament. The plot was discovered and the King and Parliament were saved. This was good luck for them but bad luck for Guy Fawkes (the
leader) and his friends. They were all executed.
25th October
Me and the children have spent all day making a ‘Guy’. We used some old clothes that we filled up with newspaper.
The most difficult thing was the head – we used a balloon that we covered in glue and paper. Then we painted a face with a moustache on it.
Mr Merchant is going to find an old hat for Guy to wear on his big day.
27thOctober
I saw something strange today. Near the tube there were some kids with their ‘Guys’ asking for money. Traditionally
they ask for ‘A penny for the Guy’. I asked if it was for good causes, but Mrs Merchant explained that they were trying to collect money for
fireworks. They wouldn’t be pleased if you only gave them a penny. They expect 20p, or even 50 p.
3rd November
This afternoon I helped Mr Merchant build the bonfire at the end of the garden. It is made up of old furniture and tree
branches. It is quite impressive. It is two metres high. It could be dangerous. Wonder if it is legal. Afterwards we went to a supermarket to
get sausages, tins of soup and large baking potatoes. Finally, we went to a special shop where Mr Merchant bought the fireworks. £80 for a
small box – imagine! A week’s wages for me.
5th November
7 p.m. The children’s friends and parents are arriving in a few minutes, so I am going to put on some warm clothes. We
have to find the cat to put him indoors.
11 p.m. Everybody has gone home and the children are asleep the party was a great success. The children’s friends and their parents
arrived. We put on warm clothes and went outside. Mr Merchant lit the bonfire – it took a while to start. Then we had a firework display.
Benjamin (age 4) had to go inside and watch through the window because he was scared. The cat wasn’t bothered and slept on my bed
upstairs. There were rockets, Catherine wheels and sparklers. The kids wrote their names in the sky with the sparklers. Mr Merchant didn’t
want any bangers. The highlight of the evening was the burning of the Guy. Mr Merchant stuck poor Guy on a garden fork and threw him
into the flames, which is horrible if you think about it. everybody except me laughed and clapped. Guy burnt to nothing in 2 minutes – all our
work up in smoke! Afterwards we drank bowls of tomato soup and ate sausages and potatoes cooked in the bonfire. We had the potatoes with
butter and grated cheese. It wasn’t great cuisine, but it was cold and we all had huge appetites, so it tasted wonderful.
1.The Gunpowder Plot …
a/ was bad luck for the king
b/ was a mixed success
c/ was a complete failure
d./ was good luck for Guy Fawkes
2. The Guy…
a/ was made from balloons
b/ was easy to make
c/ is completely ready
d/ is meant to look like a man
3. The children by the tube…
a/ expected more than they asked for
c/ were disappointed with what they received
b/ were collecting money to help others
d/ refused to accept a penny
4. How did people feel about the evening?
a/ The whole family enjoyed the fireworks
c/ Kirsten didn’t like what happened to Guy
b/ The children had fun with bangers
d/ It was over too quickly
5. The family’s pet…
a/ stayed outside
b/ seemed unworried
c/ couldn’t be found
d/ was afraid of the noise
6. Kirsten … the food.
a/ prepared
b/ disliked
c/ appreciated
d/ admired
plot – spisek
highlight – główna atrakcja
cuisine - kuchnia
V Przeczytaj tekst i wybierz właściwą odpowiedź:
Malthus and the Malawi Miracle
Thomas Malthus was a mathematician who hoped to be proved wrong. He believed that when there is enough food human populations grow
exponentially, doubling every 25 years. Agricultural production of food, however, can only increase arithmetically – one step at a time. So
Malthus predicted that no matter what advances humans made, their population numbers would always be held back because they can’t
produce enough food.
Since Malthus published his theory in 1798, the Industrial Revolution of the 19 th century, and the so-called Green Revolution of the 20th
century have meant that the food supply has increased enormously: and this has allowed a huge increase in human population. But this much
larger population is still growing faster and faster, and agricultural science seems to be running out of ideas. Global agricultural production
has doubled since 1950. But the global population is now nearly three times its 1950 level. The Green Revolution meant growing new kinds
of crops developed by scientific principles. It transformed agriculture in places such as India, and prevented millions of people from starving.
But India now has a problem; the country depends on crops that need a lot of fertilizers and pesticides. These are expensive, pollute the
environment and can threaten people’s health.
The Green Revolution never happened in Africa: but some organisations are trying to make it start now. In 2005, a drought led to famine in
Malawi: instead of accepting food aid, people planted crops which produced a lot of food with the help of fertilizers. Malawi produced a
food surplus and many people were able to escape from poverty.
Not everyone is convinced that a new Green Revolution in Africa is a good long term solution, however. Another village in Malawi adopted
a different technique – by using traditional crops and natural fertilizers and learning about a better diet, they too have transformed their lives.
The choice between the two approaches is urgent: the global population is growing and we urgently need to increase agricultural production
and find a sustainable way of feeding the world.
1.Malthus said that with enough food
a/ it takes 25 years for everyone to have children
b/ every family will have twice as many children in each generation.
c/ every 25 years there will be twice as many people.
d/ the population will only increase significantly over periods of 25 years.
2. Food production is different because
a/ a lot of the food produced is given to animals.
c/ its rate of increase does not depend on how much food is already produced
b/ it can never increase in quantity.
d/ the amount of land available is limited.
3. Malthus predicted that as a result
a/ food production would only increase slowly.
b/ there can never be enough food and so people will always die of hunger.
c/ we should all become vegetarians.
d/ we would need a global programme of food redistribution.
4. According to the text, why has there been a large population increase in the last 200 years?
a/ Because much more food has been produced.
c/ Because people have been having more children.
b/ Because of the advances in modern medicine.
d/ Because the population grew faster once it reached a critical size.
5. Why is there a problem in India?
a/ Millions of people are dying of hunger.
c/ There is an economic crisis caused by a population explosion .
b/ The environment is polluted and it damages its agriculture.
d/ They now need to use harmful chemicals to make food.
6. Why did some charities in Malawi not give food after the drought?
a/ Because they had already given all their food to other countries.
b/ Because they gave them new kinds of seeds to plant instead.
c/ Because they were competing with one another.
d/ Because too many people were dying and they couldn’t save them.
7. What is the alternative to a new Green Revolution?
a/ Applying modern organic farming techniques and nutritional knowledge.
c/ Helping Malawi to start its own industrial revolution.
b/ Continuing with traditional African food production.
d/ Moving people to neighbouring countries when crops fail.
8. What is the danger if these solutions are not successful?
a/ Nobody will be able to make food predictions about the future.
c/ There will be another revolution.
b/ There might be a war in Africa next time there is a drought.
d/There won’t be enough food and many people will die of hunger
double – podwajać się
advances – postępy
agricultural – rolniczy
crops – zboża, plony
fertilizers – nawozy
famine – głód
surplus – nadwyżka
poverty – bieda
approach – podejście
urgent - pilny
sustainable – zrównoważony, trwały
rate of increase – stopa wzrostu
quantity - ilość
seeds - nasiona
11) I Wysłuchaj tekst i uzupełnij zdania:
1.One firm translated Schweppes Tonic Water into ………….. water!
2. Nova wasn’t a good name for a car South America because in Spanish ‘no va’ means …………..
3. When …………..-………….. was translated into Chinese it became the very strange ‘eat the wax tadpole’.
4. Pepsi’s slogan ‘………….. with the Pepsi generation’ came out as ‘if you drink Pepsi your ancestors will come back to life.’
5. Kentucky Fried Chicken’s ‘finger licking good’ came out as ‘………….. your fingers …………..’.
6. Instead of saying ‘I saw the Pope’ the T-shirt said ‘I saw the …………..’
tadpole – kijanka
II Przeczytaj tekst i uzupełnij tekst zdaniami A-F:
A In English we call this tower ‘the keep’.
B For instance, an English person overhearing the word caravan in a Polish conversation would imagine a little house on wheels you pull
behind your car to go on holiday.
C An excellent bilingual dictionary is an indispensable tool.
D I don’t know how many brochures they had printed, but it shows what can happen when a true friend turns out to be false.
E It is the kind of place where enemies of the king or the prince were sent and forgotten for years.
F Once upon a time noblemen used to go hunting with these birds.
Between many European languages words that look and sound similar are often similar in meaning. Things can go wrong when words have
an entirely different meaning in another language. These ‘false friends’ can lead to funny mistakes or confusion. 1) … in Polish a ‘karawan’
is the car that takes a dead person to the cemetery! I shall never forget going on holiday to France and finding a professional-looking
brochure for a castle that was open to the public. The castle was proud of its falconry display – a show where birds of prey like eagles and
falcons performed. 2) … The title of the English version of the brochure was the ‘Lords of the Dungeon’ – referring to these magnificent
birds. Now, in English the word ‘dungeon’ refers to the dark, damp underground jail you find in medieval castles. 3) … This seemed a
strange way of describing the show, as birds as free as the air. When I took a look at the French version I immediately understood what had
happened. Basically, the word they had wanted to translate from French was the word ‘donjon’ – which refers to the very high tower that is
at the centre of the castle. This is where an eagle would build its nest. 4) … So instead of giving the title the ‘Lords of the Keep’ to the show,
they had called it the ‘Lords of the Dungeon’ because of it sounded like ‘donjon’. 50 … You should check something out with a native
speaker, although even then, that may not always work.
III Wysłuchaj tekstu i zdecyduj, które zdanie jest prawdziwe a które fałszywe:
1.Esperanto is easy to learn for a speaker of a European language.
2. Word order is subject-object-verb.
3. Esperanto has cases and conjugations.
4. There is just one tense.
5. It takes someone who speaks a European language a third of the time to learn Esperanto than another language.
6. Petra talks about two more artificial languages.
7. Lojban isn’t based on English.
8. A language was inspired by a TV series.
indispensable – niezbędny
nobleman – szlachcic
cemetery – cmentarz
falconry - sokolnictwo
dungeon - loch
conjugation – odmiana czasownika
IV Przeczytaj tekst i wybierz właściwą odpowiedź:
Esperanto Anniversary
In December 2009, Google placed the Esperanto flag above its logo to celebrate the 150th birthday of L.L.Zamenhof, the inventor of the
international language Esperanto. Zamenhof, who wrote under the pseudonym Doktoro Esperanto (Doctor Hopeful), was a doctor and
linguist who dreamed of a universal second language that could unite people around the world. Jonathan Pool, the founder of a non-profit
organization based in Seattle, Washington is a fluent Esperanto speaker. He explains that Zamenhof thought people were segregated and
enslaved by their languages.
His aim was to create an easily learned second language that could be used to transcend barriers. According to some experiments, Esperanto
is about five times easier to learn than languages such as French or German. Based on a variety of Indo-European languages including
English, Spanish, German and French, Zamenhof created a language with a simple syntax and morphology, which he called Esperanto.
Esperanto, which sounds like Italian to many non-speakers, is still learned and used by people around the world, but it isn’t a widely spoken
language. ‘There is no place in the world where you can walk down the street and ask a question in Esperanto and think there is more than a
50 per cent chance that anyone is going to be able to answer you,’ said Pool.
Estimates put the number of Esperanto speakers worldwide at around half a million to a few million. Many of them are concentrated in
Japan, Korea, Brazil, Bulgaria and Poland.
The closest thing to a universal human language today is English, but English in many ways fails to live up to Zamenhof’s dream, which was
to help create a more egalitarian world. Unlike with Esperanto, with English ‘you can always tell a non-native speaker by the accent and a
little mistake that a native speaker never makes,’ Pool said. Zamenhof would say that the widespread use of English is the right result with
the wrong language, and therefore it’s not well-done!
1.Why did Google put a flag above its logo?
a/ Because it had made its content available in Esperanto.
c/ Because it was the anniversary of a linguist’s birth.
b/ Because it was protesting about Internet censorship.
d/ To show which country the search engine was running in.
2. What was Doktoro Esperanto’s real name?
a/ Doctor Hopeful
b/ Doktoro Esperanto
c/ Jonathan Pool
d/ L.L Zamenhof
3. Why did he design an artificial language?
a/ He thought it was too difficult for people to learn languages such as English and French.
b/ He thought other languages were too imprecise for accurate thinking.
c/ He wanted to be able to order food in bars all over the world.
d/ He wanted to write poetry that everybody could understand.
4. What languages did he use to build Esperanto?
a/ Japanese, Korean, Portuguese, Bulgarian and Polish
c/ Mostly English
b/ English, French, Japanese
d/ Only languages from Europe
5. Which language is Esperanto said to resemble most?
a/ English
b/ Hindi
c/ Italian
d/ Polish
6. Where do people learn Esperanto?
a/ All over the world
b/ In Esperantina
c/ In several countries in the Far East
d/ Nowhere
7. How many people speak Esperanto?
a/ Only a few
b/ About 50,000
c/ About a million
d/ About 50 million
8. Why would Zamenhof not be pleased that many people now speak English?
a/ Because it is easy to identify a non-native speaker, learners are at a disadvantage.
b/ English is not spoken by everybody in the world.
c/ It perpetuates the dominance of English culture.
d/ There are still battles between ethnic groups with different languages.
enslaved – zniewolony
transcend – przekraczać
egalitarian – równy
content - treść
at a disadvantaged – na gorszej pozycji
perpetuate – zachować, utrzymać
V Przeczytaj tekst, wstaw zdania (A – G) w luki (1 – 6), a następnie wybierz właściwą odpowiedź:
A And I completely agreed ... until I got here.
B At this point I felt like taking the next plane home.
C My first bill was addressed not to April Cook but to April Kirk.
D Yesterday, I told the bus driver ‘Gosforth’ in my best English accent.
E The one per cent that I don’t prefer is the food.
F After all, we think, we’re both speaking English, aren’t we?
G After she repeated herself several times, I hung up the phone with mixed feelings.
‘Gosforth,’ I told the bus driver.
Where?’ he asked.
‘Gosforth,’ I repeated.
‘Sorry, come again?’
‘GOSFORTH,’ I said a little louder this time.
‘G-O-S-‘ I began.
‘Oh, Gosforth. Right. That’ll be 78 pence. ‘Next time,’ the bus driver told me ‘it’s Gosforth, with an ‘o’, not an ‘a.’ Got it?’
I prefer British to American 99 per cent of the time. 1) … I adore British literature and comedies and I even enjoy Britain’s cold, cloudy
climate. I prefer a British accent to an American one. When I told people that I was planning to study in England, they exclaimed that it was
a marvelous opportunity, and usually added, ‘It will be nice that you speak the same language.’ 2) … The language differences have
frustrated me more than anything else. I force myself to listen closely and speak slowly, but often the person I’m talking to and I are
completely confused, which neither of us want to admit. 3) …
When arrived in Newcastle, I called the telephone company to set up my phone line. I listened to the recording of the British operator and
happily pressed buttons as she directed me. When I was finally connected to a person, my operator spoke with such a thick Geordie accent, a
dialect of Newcastle, that it was almost impossible for me to make out what he was saying. 4) … Did I just tell her I wanted Internet? I hope
I didn’t say ‘yes’ to any extra costs…what on earth is my phone bill going to be like? 5) … Now when my American accent is the problem, I
pretend to be English. 6) … Not a moment’s hesitation on this part.: ‘Right, love, that’ll be 78 pence.’ I smiled to myself. It was nice to be
understood.
1.April tried to tell the driver where she wanted to go.
a/ twice b/ three times
c/ four times
2. When April told people about her plans to study in England they …
a/ congratulated her
b/ predicted problems
c/ understood nothing
3. When April rang the telephone company at first she…
a/ had no problems
b/ understood nothing
c/ spoke to someone in Scotland
4. Most of the problems April has experienced in England are a result of the…
a/ language
b/ weather
c/ food
5. When April and the person she is speaking to experience problems they …
a/ laugh about them
b/ pretend they are not happening
c/ get angry with each other
6. Now, when April thinks her accent could be a problem she …
a/ slows down
b/ keeps conversation to a minimum
c/ imitates an English person
7. Come again means…
a/ ‘I don’t know’
b/ ‘Can you repeat that?’
c/ ‘Speak up’
8. Got it? means… a/ ‘Do you understand?’
b/ ‘Can you give it to me?’
c/ ‘Do you have it?’
9. When April says the operator’s accent was ‘thick’ she means it was …
a/ strong b/ friendly
c/ loud
10. When said she couldn’t make out what the person was saying she couldn’t … a/ hear it b/ understand her c/ produce the same sounds
11. When April wonders what on earth her bill will be she is… a/ tired
b/ confused
c/ happy
12. When the diver calls her ‘love’ he is …
a/ being friendly
b/ being rude
c/ telling her he loves her
hesitation – wahanie
12) I Wysłuchaj tekst i uzupełnij zdania:
Mandela spent 1) ………….. in prison. Most of his captivity was on Robben 2) ………….. . The last few months were at Groot Drakenstein
prison. The statue stands 3) ………….. the prison. It’s made of 4) ………….. marble. It is 5) ………….. tall and weighs 6) ………….. kilos.
He finally left prison in 7) ………….. and became president in 8) ………….. There are bronze statues of Mandela in Parliament Square in 9)
…………..and another in a 10) ………….. in Johannesburg. The Groot Drakenstein statue was paid for by 11) …………..
captivity – niewola
II Przeczytaj tekst i wybierz właściwą odpowiedź:
For centuries people have enjoyed Homer’s stories about the Trojan war told in the Iliad. But most people considered these stories to be no
more than ancient legends. Many doubted the existence of Troy as a place. Nevertheless, a number of people in the new science of
archaeology believed that there had really been an Ilium (Troy).
In modern times, Heinrich Schliemann is the name we most associate with the re-discovery of the lost city. He was a rich German
businessman who had made a fortune in Russia. Fascinated by the ancient world since childhood, he decided to dedicate himself to
archaeology at the age of forty one. Using the Iliad as his guide he travelled around Greece and Turkey, believing that the clues contained in
the great poem would direct him to the site of Troy. Other people shared his ideas. Indeed an Englishmen called Frank Calvert had begun
excavations on Hisarlic hill seven years before the arrival of the Schliemanns. Before Calvert, a man called Maclaren in 1822 had suggested
that the hill was the site.
In 1871 Schliemann’s workmen were digging when Schliemann noticed that gold in one of the trenches. He sent his workmen off and
together with his wife discovered the so-called treasure of King Priam: this was a large selection of gold and silver objects which he then
smuggled out of Turkey. There are photographs of his wife Sofia wearing it. the treasure disappeared from Germany at the end of the
Second World War and re-surfaced in Moscow! Schliemann discovered what he thought were four separate cities on the same site, one of
which had been destroyed by fire so he became convinced that his was the Troy of legend. Since Schliemann’s time, nine different cities
have been identified on the site of Troy. The one of Homer’s legend was probably number 7b. Schliemann’s Troy was too early.
1.The majority of people believed…
a/ that the Iliad was just a story b/ the Trojan war was a historical fact c/ that Homer was more than one person d/ there really was a Troy
2. Heinrich Schliemann…
a/ was a Russian businessman
b/ had trained as an archaeologist
c/ thought a lot in the Iliad was true
d/ became interested in Troy in the middle age.
3. Schliemann…
a/ started excavating on the wrong site
b/ was the first to identify Troy
c/ does not deserve all the credit for Troy’s discovery
d/ was quickly followed by Calvert
4. Priam’s treasure…
a/ was discovered by a workman b/ was legally exported from Turkey c/ was worn by Schliemann’s wife d/ is back in Germany
5. Schliemann…
a/ found a city that had been destroyed by warfare
b/ probably didn’t identify the right Troy
c/ realized he had been wrong
d/ discovered five cities
excavations – wykopaliska
trench – rów
credit – zasługa
III Wysłuchaj tekstu i napisz, czy zdania są prawdziwe czy fałszywe:
1.Hampton Court was built by Henry VIII.
2.Henry was married six times.
3. Henry executed three of his wives.
4. Catherine Howard was wife number five.
5. Catherine wanted her husband’s forgiveness.
6. Sybil Penn was a loyal servant to the royal family.
7. The haunting started after the tomb was disturbed.
8. The room they discovered was empty.
9. The last ghost was caught on camera.
10. People are still trying to explain the third ghost.
IV Wysłuchaj teks i napisz, czy zdania są prawdziwe czy fałszywe:
1.Jacob is still a student.
2. He saw different parts of hotel life.
3. He was bored some of the time.
4. He accepted that he had to work at weekends.
5. He expected to earn more.
6. Most of the people in Jacob’s class earned more than he did.
7. He had to share the tips with the rest of the hotel staff.
8. Jacob made more than three hundred euros.
9. He doesn’t want to work in the hotel restaurant business any more.
10. He has discovered what he wants to do.
V Przeczytaj tekst i odpowiedz na pytania:
The Tower of London, which stands on the north bank of the River Thames, was began by William the Conqueror following the Norman
Conquest in 1066. A legend says that an early conqueror, Julius Caesar, had built a fortress on the site in around 55 BC, although this is
unlikely. Today, this important monument is one of the city’s most famous landmarks and tourist attractions. When people talk about the
Tower they usually mean the square fortress that was built in 1078. Even so , the Tower complex consists of many different buildings. In its
time it was a fortress, a palace and the notorious prison. Most of the people who were imprisoned here were accused of serious crimes, or
were members of royalty or the nobility who had opposed the crown.
The Tower has a bloody history. King Henry VI was murdered here in 1471. To this day, representatives from King’s College Cambridge
and Eaton college put flowers on the place where he was killed to commemorate their founder. In 1483 Edward IV’s sons died suddenly. The
next in line to the throne, the young Princes Edward and Richard, disappeared while their uncle, later King Richard III, was ‘looking after’
them. The Tower was also a prison where people accused of treason – crimes against the monarchy – were held. Many of them arrived by
river and went into the Tower through the ‘Traitor’s Gate’. Those who passed through it rarely left alive. They included Sir Thomas More
and Henry VIII’s second wife, Ann Boleyn. In 1553 the tragic Lady Jane Grey, whose reign lasted just nine days, lost her head.
The Tower was also once a royal mint, where coins were made. It is famous for its ‘Beefeaters’ – guards who wear an unusual uniform – and
is home to the Crown Jewels, which have been housed here since 1303. In 1671 an audacious adventurer called Captain Blood tried to steal
the jewels. When he was captured he so charmed King Charles II that he pardoned him. Rudolf Hess, deputy leader of the German Nazi
Party, was the last famous ‘guest’ in 1942.
A zoo was introduced here at the beginning of the 13th century. It even had a polar bear in the mid-13th century, a present from the king of
Norway. It also had lions, lynxes and camels. The first lions were a wedding gift from Emperor Frederick II to King Henry III. In the 18th
century people could go and visit the zoo. Visitors either paid money to get in, or gave a dog or cat for the lions! When the animal collection
finally closed its doors, the ones which were left went to the newly founded London Zoo. However, one type of impressive creature still
remains – these enormous black birds called ravens. They watch over the Tower. A legend says that when the ravens leave, the monarchy
will fall!
1.What does the writer think about the Caesar legend?
2. What kind of people were prisoners in the Tower?
3. Why do representatives from Eton college and King’s College Cambridge take flowers to the Tower?
4. What happened to the two Princes, and why?
5. What happened if you entered the Tower through the Traitor’s Gate?
6. What strange name do its guards have?
7. What did Captain Blood do, and how did he escape punishment?
8. How did a polar bear find itself in the zoo?
9. How could you visit the Tower zoo if you had no money?
10. What legend surrounds the ravens?
fortress – twierdza
treason – zdrada
royal mint – mennica królewska
reign – panowanie
audacious - śmiały
charm - zauroczyć
deputy leader - zastępca
ravens - kruk
VI Przeczytaj tekst i wybierz właściwą odpowiedź:
Exploring the Pacific Ocean
The Pacific Ocean covers an area of over 160 million square kilometres and contains just a few archipelagoes of small islands yet, when the
first Europeans arrived there, between 1520 and 1800, they found people on all of the islands who, amazingly, shared a language and had a
very similar culture.
Recent archaeological discoveries on Efaté, a small island in Vanuatu about 2,000 kilometres from Australia, have revealed a little more
about the original settlers. Archaeologists have found a 3,000-year-old burial ground, and it contains pottery and stone tools that are typical
of the Lapita people. The Lapita came from Taiwan and colonized the Philippines, and New Guinea before travelling across the Pacific
Ocean. They were clearly daring adventurers who took along everything they would need to build new lives – their families and animals,
seeds and stone tools. By 1100 B.C., the Lapita reached all of the islands in Melanesia, and settled them as far as Tonga. A thousand years
later, their descendants set off again and settled all of the other islands in the Pacific, even reaching the shores of South America. The early
Polynesians found nearly everything there was to find, although it took them centuries to do so. So how difficult would it have been to find
dry land in all of that watery wilderness? When the ships of the European explorer, Magellan, arrived in 1520, they sailed for four months
without ever seeing land. They went past most of the archipelagos because they are simply too small.
It may have helped that the Lapita were sailing against the wind (if needed, they really were able to do that). It would have meant that they
could be sure of returning home more quickly if they didn’t find anything. And experienced sailors would be able to look for seabirds, cloud
formations and floating wood to guide them to land. All the same, Magellan’s crew, with their much larger ships and navigation, nearly all
died trying.
1.What was surprising about the people Europeans found on Pacific islands?
a/ They all spoke the same language.
c/ They didn’t have any boats.
b/ They built sculptures with large heads.
d/ They understood astronomy.
2. What has been found on Efaté?
a/ Ancient graves
b/ Australian archaeologists
c/Iron weapons
d/ The original settlers
3. Who are the Lapita?
a/ Australian archaeologists
b/ The first settlers on the Pacific islands c/ The people of Taiwan
d/ The people of Vanuatu
4. Why did they go to sea with animals, seeds and tools?
a/ So that they could go on long fishing trips.
c/ To perform ritual sacrifices at sea.
b/ So that they could start a colony.
d/ To prove that their boats were strong enough.
5. When did the first settlers travel beyond Tonga to the other islands?
a/ After 1200 BC.
b/ After 1000 BC.
c/ After 100 BC.
d/ After 1520 AD.
6. What took the first settlers centuries to do?
a/ Build another boat good enough to take them to the next island.
c/ Reach South America and settle there.
b/ Find nearly all of the islands in the Pacific Ocean.
d/ Understand the plants on each new island.
7. Why was there such an impressive achievement?
a/ Because the Europeans were trying to do the same thing.
c/ Because they didn’t have compasses.
b/ Because there are very few small islands in a very large ocean.
d/ Because they were sailing against the wind.
8. How might they have been able to find land?
a/ By always sailing against the wind.
c/ By understanding the stars.
b/ By looking at clouds and following birds.
d/ By using navigation equipment.
settlers – osadnicy
pottery – wyroby garncarskie
stone tools – narzędzia kamienne
descendants - potomkowie
set off - wyruszyć
against the wind – pod wiatr
VII Wysłuchaj tekst i napisz, czy zdania są prawdziwe czy fałszywe:
1.Scientists can predict future health problems.
2. The interviewer thinks this knowledge is a good thing.
3. The scientist compares genetics to a game of football.
4. It may be possible to prevent an illness developing.
5. Lifestyle is an important consideration.
6. The scientist thinks genetics are 60% responsible for health.
7. The interviewer believes many things are out of our control.
8. The scientist agrees that some of our choices are limited.
9. There are a lot of simple things people can do to stay healthy.
10. Websites often say the same thing.
11. People should avoid this kind of website.
VIII Przeczytaj tekst i wybierz właściwą odpowiedź:
Joseph Conrad was England’s Polish genius. He wrote many stories and novels in his third language: English. One of the most famous is
Heart of Darkness. A group of people are on a boat on the river Thames in London, when they hear a strange tale. Marlow, the narrator,
describes his experience of travelling into the interior of the Congo in central Africa. He had been hired by a trading company to find one of
its most successful agents, a man called Kurz. The story is about Marlow’s journey into the dark heart of Africa, and the darkness that lies at
the centre of a man’s soul.
Marlow arrives at a trading station where the company is trying to build railroad and many native workers are dying of illness. It is a place
where there are no rules and white men an do what they want. The traders are jealous of Kurz and hope that the terrible conditions in the
interior and loneliness have destroyed him. Marlow develops a deep dislike for the traders he meets and their desire to exploit the natives as
much as possible. The natives are described in terms that are scarcely human.
After a long trip up river, Marlow finally finds Kurz’s steamboat. It takes months to fix it during which time he hears further tales of Kurz.
Eventually, he sets off with his crew but as they approach the final station his boat is attacked by arrows from the jungle. The ship’s whistle
frightens the attacker’s away.
Marlow realizes that Kurz has become a kind of God to the natives. From being an idealist he has turned into a cruel and evil man. Kurz,
however, is dying and is taken on board Marlow’s boat. Nevertheless, he crawls back to the jungle before being ‘recaptured’. Before Kurz
dies he asks Marlow to take his papers and an article about how the white man could bring progress to the natives of the Congo. At the end of
the article he had written ‘exterminate the brutes’. Kurz’s last words are ‘the horror, the horror’ – and show how much he realizes he has lost
his ideals. Returning to Europe, Marlow finds Kurz’s fiancée but is unable to tell her the truth. He says to her that Kurz’s last word was her
name.
1.Heart of Darkness..
a/ takes place in north Africa
b/ is set in London
c/ connects two separate things
d/ is an after-dinner conversation
2. The traders…
a/ have no checks or controls
b/ admire Kurz and what he stands for
c/ take their civilizing roles seriously d/ treat the natives fairly
3. Kurz…
a/ wants to return to European civilization b/ is in good health c/ is attacked by the natives
d/ is highly regarded by the natives
4. The handwritten note in Kurz’s article suggests…
a/ he had managed to keep his ideals
b/ he could see a way of improving the natives’ lives
c/ he was a lost soul
d/ he recognized the humanity of the natives
5. When he meets Kurz’s fiancée Marlow…
a/ confesses his love for her
b/ tells her about his trip
c/ hides the truth
d/ refuses to lie
scarcely human – ledwie co ludzki
arrows – strzały
recaptured – schwytany ponownie
fiancée – narzeczona
IX Przeczytaj tekst i odpowiedz na pytanie, podając numer akapitu.
A Birds and pigeons
The wind carries small birds but others fly under their own power. So how do they find their way? One theory is that they use the sun and the
stars. Birds kept in an indoor planetarium turn towards the artificial stars. Pigeons seem very gifted. Homing pigeons even follow roads and
rivers like a map. Yet, incredibly, in one scientific experiment, pigeons with black contact lenses still managed to find their way home too.
B Turtles
Large sea creatures seem to exploit magnetic fields and travel long distances. Scientists followed a sea turtle by satellite as it swam 20,558
kilometres from Indonesia to the coast of Oregon. Its journey took 647 days! Evidence suggests that other large sea creatures like whales and
dolphins use magnetic fields too. Scientists have been able to make them lose their way by playing with the magnetic fields that guide them.
C Salmon and European eels
Salmon probably use smell to find their way back to their breeding ground. They remember the smell of the river here they were born.
Unlike other fish, European eels go from fresh water to the ocean to breed. Their final destination is probably the Sargasso sea, a very deep
part of the Atlantic that is covered in seaweed. Scientists still know very little about it. The warm current, the Gulf Stream, takes the tiny
larvae back to Europe. Eels spend up to 80 years in fresh water before returning to the ocean.
D Monarch butterflies
Every fourth or fifth generation millions of monarch butterflies make the 3000-kilometre journey from North America to a small area by a
Mexican volcanic peak. They lay their eggs on a plant that is so rare that is only grows in this area. These butterflies have never been there
before. As several generations separate the different butterflies they seem to get there by instinct. Another idea is that they use their body
clock and the sun to guide them.
Which creatures…
1.can follow features on the ground? …
2. need to lay their eggs on a special plant? …
3. appeared to follow the stars? …
4. were tricked by scientists? …
5. exploit a warm ocean current? …
6. may follow the sun? …
pigeons – gołębie
contact lenses – soczewki kontaktowe
7. managed to return home without seeing? …
8. return to a mysterious place in the ocean? …
9. use smell to return to the place where they were born? …
10. travelled for more than ninety weeks? …
11. use the earth’s invisible forces to find their way around? …
eels – węgorze
seaweeds - wodorosty
current - prąd