The West
Industry
Gilded
Age
Reform
People
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Next Round
This was small-level mining
using picks & shovels, and
panning
Placer Mining
These were towns that grew
very quickly around areas
where gold and silver were
found
Boom Towns
This type of mining was run
by corporations and were dug
deep underground
Quartz Mining
Using government-owned
grasslands to feed cattle was a
feature of this type of ranching
Open-Range Ranching
Joseph Glidden’s invention
changed ranching and
farming in the West forever
Barbed Wire
This replaced whale oil as the
principal fuel for lighting
Kerosene
The belief that business
works best when government
keeps out of the way is known
as this
Laissez-Faire
People that risk capital
(money) in seeking profits
are called this
Entrepreneurs
He invented the telephone
Alexander Graham Bell
These were the two
railroads which combined
to create the first
transcontinental railroad in
the US
The Union Pacific and the
Central Pacific
Immigrants to the US in the
latter half of the 1800’s mostly
came from these two
European regions
Southern and Eastern Europe
Immigrants to the American East
Coast were processed here
Ellis Island, New York
Immigrants to the American
West Coast, mainly single
Asian males, were processed
here
Angel Island, San Francisco,
California
They were Americans who
disliked immigrants and
wanted immigration curtailed
or prohibited
Nativists
His book, How the Other Half
Lives, exposed the harsh
living conditions of New
York’s immigrant population
Jacob Riis
This law attempted to reform
the US Civil Service
The Pendleton Act
This governmental body was
established in 1887 to regulate
railroad rates and other
commerce issues
The Interstate Commerce
Commission (ICC)
Although it lacked “teeth,”
this law was the first to act
against trusts
The Sherman Anti-Trust Act
The decision by the US
government to stop minting
silver coins in 1873 was
decried by the Populists as
this
The Crime of ‘73
First established in Lampasas,
these organizations of farmers
later came together as the
People’s Party (Populists)
The Alliance Movement
He dominated the oil
industry
John D. Rockefeller
He was the most infamous
of the city bosses
Boss Tweed
(William Marcy Tweed)
He dominated the steel
industry
Andrew Carnegie
Her settlement house, Hull
House, became the model
for others
Jane Addams
His stories were based on
the formula of the good
man who strikes it rich
due to hard work and good
character
Horatio Alger
The
West
People
Politics
of 1800s
Imperialism
Progressive
Movement
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The US government encouraged
settlement in the West with this
1862 law that offered free land
The Homestead Act
These were large, corporate
owned and run, Western farms
Bonanza Farms
This was the worst massacre
of Indians by whites in the
American West
The Sand Creek Massacre
This was vital to the Indian
way of life
The Buffalo
This law broke up
reservations into individual
farming plots and expected
Indians to become farmers
What it did was destroy
Indian culture
The 1887 Dawes Act
A Socialist and leader of the
American Railway Union, he
was imprisoned after the
violent Pullman Strike
He was also jailed during
WWI for violation the Sedition
Act
He also ran for President
several times as a Socialist
Eugene V. Debs
African-American woman who
wrote about, and fought
against, the lynching of blacks
in the South
Ida B. Wells
They were wealthy
businessmen who, it is
believed, gained their wealth
through scams, bribes, and
cheating
The Robber Barons
He spread the Gospel of
Wealth, the belief that the
wealthy had the responsibility
of philanthropy (giving their
money away for good causes)
Andrew Carnegie
An architect, he was a force
behind the movement to
build skyscrapers
Louis Sullivan
This was the major issue in
the elections of 1892 and
1896
Gold and silver
In 1896, he was the
presidential nominee for both
the Democratic and Populist
Parties
William Jennings Bryan
He won in 1896 using his
“Front Porch” campaign
William McKinley
These were the first
organizations that farmers
established, hoping to
secure cheaper seed prices
and railroad rates through
cooperatives
Granges
A firm believer in the Spoils
System, New York Senator
Conkling led this group of
Republicans
The Stalwarts
In 1852, Commodore Perry
used force to open this country
for trade
Japan
When she threatened the
plantations of American
settlers, this queen was
overthrown
Queen Liliuokalani
His book, The Influence of Sea
Power on History, argued that
for a nation to be great it had
to have a powerful navy and
overseas supply bases
Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan
The 1898 Spanish-American
War was sparked by this
The explosion and sinking
of the USS Maine
As a result of Spain’s defeat
in 1898, the US acquired
these three territories
Puerto Rico, Guam, and the
Philippines
They were journalists who
wrote articles exposing social
and political problems
Muckrakers
This state was the model for
Progressive reform
Wisconsin
Passed in 1920, this
Constitutional Amendment was
the last of the Progressive
campaigns
The 19th Amendment
The right of women to vote
His book, The Jungle,
exposing the meatpacking
industry, helped spur
Congress to pass the Pure
Food and Drug Act
Upton Sinclair
He was the last of the
“Progressive Presidents”
Woodrow Wilson
WWI
US Society in
the 1920s
US Politics in
the 1920s
Great
Depression
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His assassination sparked WWI
The Archduke Ferdinand
Heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne
This German Plan, tweaked
over several years, was put
into place to prevent a twofront war
Schlieffen Plan
These were the Triple Entente
During the war they were known as the Allies
France, Great Britain, and
Russia
List four reasons why the
United States entered the
war on the side of the Allies
Unrestricted submarine warfare
The Zimmerman telegram
British propaganda
Strong economic ties to the Allies
Very quickly the war in
Western Europe became
stagnant and the armies
dug in and fought hard for
mere yards
This type of warfare was
called this
Trench Warfare
Many thought that these two
Italian immigrant anarchists
were “railroaded” for the crime
of murder
Sacco & Vanzetti
Increased religious
fundamentalism and
Nativism caused the rise of
this organization mainly in
the Mid-West
The KKK
These young women dressed
provocatively and rebelled
against accepted behavior
The Flapper
In this famous trial, the issue was
whether the subject of evolution
should be taught in schools
The Scopes “Monkey” Trial
Progressives achieved a
victory through this
Constitutional Amendment
and the accompanying
Volstead Act
The 18th Amendment
Prohibition of Alcohol
Tired of Progressivism
and war, people voted for
Warren G. Harding for
President based on his
campaign slogan
Normalcy
Though Harding had died
before it became public, this
is considered on of the
worst US Presidential
scandals
The Teapot Dome Scandal
This group of Americans did
not find prosperity during
the 1920s
Farmers
Hoping to help Germany who
was unfairly treated in the
Versailles Treaty, the US
adopted this plan which reduced
and restructured Germany’s
reparations payments
The Dawes Plan
The Washington Conference
was the only serious inter-war
attempt at arms limitations.
This was the treaty produced by
the conference that set quotas
and ratios on battleship
production in the Pacific
The Five-Power Treaty
October 29, 1929
“Black Tuesday”
Stock Market Crash
This high tariff hurt
European economies and is
considered a contributing
factor to the Great
Depression
Hawley-Smoot Tariff
Drought and high winds
combined to create a
disaster in states like Texas,
Oklahoma, and Kansas
The Dust Bowl
Wanting money promised
to them in 1945, they
marched on Washington
DC where they were
attacked by government
troops
The Bonus Army
He was president as the
Great Depression began
Herbert Hoover
He wrote Grapes of Wrath
which told the story of a
family migrating from the
Depression-era Dust Bowl
John Steinbeck
An innovator in airplane
design, he is considered
the father of American
naval aviation
Glenn Curtiss
He was the Democratic
nominee for president twice
and led the prosecution in the
Scopes Trial
William Jennings Bryan
She was the first female pilot to
attempt to fly around the world
Amelia Earhart
He made history when he
flew solo non-stop from St.
Louis to Paris, France in
1927 in his plane, The Spirit
of St. Louis
Charles Lindbergh
Acronyms
WWII
WWII
Presidents
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During the Great Depression
this program hired young males
to work in National Parks
CCC
Civilian Conservation Corps
This program paid farmers
NOT to grow food and killed
livestock so that prices would
rise
AAA
Agricultural Adjustment Administration
This program constructed
several dams along the
Tennessee River to provide
electricity to rural Americans
TVA
Tennessee Valley Authority
This guaranteed that bank
depositors’ money was safe
even if the bank failed
FDIC
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
This union was established
by John L. Lewis after the
AFL ousted several groups
CIO
Congress of Industrial Organizations
The sinking of this passenger
liner in 1915 by the Germans
shocked America
The Lusitania
This governmental body
was established to
coordinate the production
of war materiel
The War Industries Board
(WIB)
Blacks migrated from the
South to Northern cities to
work in war industries
The Great Migration
He headed the American
propaganda effort in the
Committee on Public Information
George Creel
This was WWI’s greatest
battle for the US
Battle of the Argonne Forest
The fight for victory over
our enemies but also
over racism was
embodied by this
program
The Double V Program
FDR signed Executive Order
8802 which stated there would
be no discrimination in hiring
in war industries after he
threatened to organize a march
on Washington DC by the
black Sleeping Car Porters
Union
A. Philip Randolph
Mexicans were encouraged to
migrate to the US in this
program established to provide
adequate labor on American
farms
The Bracero Program
Ethnic tensions turned to
violence in Los Angeles
between white servicemen
and young Latino men
Zoot Suit Riots
He led the US Navy and he led
the US Army in the twopronged Island-Hopping
campaign against Japan
US Navy – Admiral Chester Nimitz
US Army – General Douglas MacArthur
Bay of Pigs
Cuban Missile Crisis
President John F. Kennedy
A one-time Collector of the Port
of New York, he signed into law
the Pendleton Act which ended
the spoils system and
established the US Civil Service
President Chester A. Arthur
His assassination thrust Theodore
Roosevelt into the presidency
which alarmed many Republicans
at the time
President William McKinley
His second term was marred by the
economic depression which
followed the Panic of 1893
During that depression he stated
that it was the peoples’
responsibility to support the
government but that it was not the
government’s responsibility to
support the people
President Grover Cleveland
Presided over the US war against
Spain in 1898
President William McKinley
This technological innovation
allowed the middle class to
escape the inner cities and move
to suburbs
Electric trolleys
He led efforts to get rid of
socialist and anarchist
immigrant radicals during
the Red Scare following
WWI
US Attorney General A.
Mitchell Palmer
A type of journalism that is
biased, and often based on false
information and sensationalism
for the sake of attracting readers
Yellow Journalism
This program allowed the US
to supply Great Britain and
later the USSR and China
during WWII
Lend-Lease
The guilt of the Rosenbergs for
passing nuclear secrets and
other Americans spying for the
Communists were confirmed
by this
Project Venona