Antislavery Movement
By Kathy Bonilla, Nico Crino, Nicolette Dominguez, Elijah
Garcia, and Angelica Torres-Miro
APUSH Pd. 4
American Colonization Society
• Founded in 1816 by Robert Finley, a Presbyterian minister
• with the objective to encourage and pay for free black Americans to establish and live in a colony
in Africa
• many antislavery advocates came to oppose the society, because they believed that it the objective
was to drain off the black populations
American Antislavery Society
• Promoter of the immediate abolition of slavery in the U.S. (1833-1870)
• Founder: Willian Lloyd Garrison
• In 1839, the society split
• Garrison: Radical, denounced the Constitution for supporting slavery
• Tappan Brothers: Less radical, formed Foreign Anti-Slavery Society
• this led to the birth of the liberty party in 1840
Abolitonism
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1783-1888
ending the Transatlantic Slave Trade and Chattel Slavery
Enlightnment ideas encourgaed people to speak up
In the U.S. slavery was a domestic rather than a colonial phenonmon
Best known abolitionist: William Lloyd
All these revolutions led to the Civil War (1861-1865)
Lyman Beecher
• Opposed rationalism, Catholicism, and the liquor traffic
• He was called "the father of more brains than any other man in America"
• Calvinist minister
• He was seen a strict person, tried for heresy
• Radical person
"Amalgamation"
• Means, "combination," or "unification"
• The plantation system allowed for the sexual abuse of
female slaves
• Almost all plantations produced biracial children
• Despite the history of mixed race relations, interracial
marriage remained illegal until 1967 in some states
• The movement begins to make these relations legal, however
it mostly fails until after the Civil Rights movement of the
20th century
Pamphlet from 1863
supporting interracial
marriage under the name
Miscegnation
The Liberty Party
• The first antislavery party in the United States
• Formed in April,1840
• First Presidential candidate: James C. Birney a former Alabama
slave owner
• Managed to split the Whig vote and take the presidency away
from Henry Clay.
• Democrat James K. Polk won
• Eventually the party was absorbed by the more moderate free
soil party
Nat Turner's Rebellion
• Nat Turner was a slave in Virginia that became literate at a
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young age
• Turner was very intelligent and religious
After several setbacks, Turner launched a rebellion on August
22, 1831
Called on followers to, "kill all the white people."
Rebellion was quickly stopped
Aftermath included the trial and execution of close to 200
African Americans suspected of being part of the rebellion
The "Gag Rule"
• Law passed in the southern states that made it
illegal to talk about abolition or freeing the
slaves in congress
• John C. Calhoun believed that congress had
no place considering emancipation
• Under the cover of political confusion the
rule came into effect
Arthur and Lewis
• They were successful merchants who became wealthy through various
business ventures.
• They were prominent antebellum abolitionist
• Their abolitionist effort attracted attention from slavery advocates
• they also supported the underground railroad
David Ruggles
• African American abolitionist in Brooklyn
• Resisted slavery by his participation in a committee of vigilance and the
underground railroad
• he helped fugitive slaves to reach free states
• he work with the committee led to his involvement in numerous court cases
where he helped organize the legal defense against fugitive slaves who had
fled to the north.
Sarah Grimke and Angelina Grimke
• They were members of the women's suffrage movement, American
abolitionists
• Spoke out in public to oppose slavery and advocate for women's rights
• They joined the American Anti Slavery Society
• American Anti Slavery Society- A society of abolitionists founded by Arthur
Tappan. Most of the leaders were freed slaves. They often spoke in the meetings.
250,000 members in the society.
Henry Highland Garnet
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Minister
He was African American abolitionist
Prominent member of the movement that led to more political action
He was born into slavery
Rather then trying to get whites to end slavery he wanted slaves to get the freedom
that they wanted themsleves.
• He called a speech that was recognized as the "Call to Rebellion" this encouraged
slaves to rebel against their owners.
Harriet Tubman
• Harriet Tubman was born a slave in Dorchester County, Maryland in
1820.
• 10 yrs., made 19 trips to the South and North, escorted over 300
slaves.
• "never lost a single passenger" threatened those who refused to
comply.
• Known as "Moses"
• Became friends with other abolitionist, attended antislavery meetings.
• Served in Civil war as cook, nurse and even a spy.
• Died in 1913, in Auburn, New York.
Sojourner Truth
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Abolitionist and women's' right activist.
Served in Civil War, collected supplies.
Best known from, "Ain't I a Woman?" speech, at women's convention, Ohio, 1851
Used religion to justify her cause.
Born a slave in Ulster County, New York, 1797. Escaped slavery in 1827.
Became a preacher, emerged in the 1840s, and adopted "Sojourner Truth" in 1843.
" Give 'em land and an outset, and had teachers learn 'em to read. Den they can be somebody" cry for
emancipation.
• "It is hard for the old slaveholding sprint to die, but die it must." condemning slavery.
• Died of old age and ulcerated legs in 1883. Funeral in Battle Creek, Michigan.
William Lloyd Garrison "The Liberator"
• 75% of readers were freed African Americans
• "I will not retreat a single inch- AND I WILL BE HEARD"
• Wanted to show people how immoral slavery was, disdained politics
Underground Railroad
• Helped along my many individuals, mostly run by black people.
• George Washington said that one of is slaves was help by a society of Quakers for
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that purpose, 1786.
Called "Underground Railroad'' in 1831.
Used "Stations and "Depots" each rum by a "Stationmaster". "Conductors and
"Stockholders", gave money and goods.
Communities in New York, Philadelphia, and Boston were safe havens for slaves.
Levi Coffin, a Quaker who helped over 3,000 slaves and Harriet Tubman on her
journeys.
Frederick Douglass- "The North Star"
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Named after escape methods of enslaved people
Abolitionist paper published during the antebellum era
Fought for the emancipation of all groups of people
"Right is of No Sex- Truth is of No Color- God is
the Father of us all, and we are all brethren."
Harriet Beecher Stowe, "Uncle Tom's Cabin"
• Demanded US deliver on the promise of freedom &
equality
• Used to urge people into joining the abolition movement
• Title became a racial slur due to the inaccurate retelling
when it became a movie.
William Still
• An Underground Railroad conductor
• He smuggled runaways over the Canadian border.
• Was a director of abolitionist, sympathizers and safe houses the went from
Philadelphia to Southern Ontario.
• Was in the underground Railroad for 14 years, helped about 800 slaves to freedom.
• Kept records of slaves though Philadelphia
• Published Notes, from his experiences in the Underground RR, and are the best
evidence supporting its' existence.
David Walker, "Appeal to the Colored Citizens
of the World"
• One of the first antislavery sentiments written by an
African American
• Intent was to encourage fellow African Americans to
advocate for their independence.
• "Treat us like men, and there is no danger but we will all
live in peace and happiness."
Links
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William Lloyd Garrison, "The Liberator"
http://www.ushistory.org/us/28a.asp
Frederick Douglass, "The North Star"
http://www.pbs.org/blackpress/news_bios/douglass.html
Harriet Beecher Stowe, "Uncle Tom's Cabin"
https://www.harrietbeecherstowecenter.org/utc/
David Walker, "Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World"
http://utc.iath.virginia.edu/abolitn/walkerhp.html
Links
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Lyman Beecher
http://school.eb.swb.orc.scoolaid.net/levels/high/article/14095
American Colonization Society
http://ic.gale.swb.orc.scoolaid.net/ic/uhic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?failOverType=
&query=&prodId=UHIC&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&displayquery=&mode=view&displayGroupName=Reference&limiter=&u=nysl_me_wphs&currPage=&disableHi
ghlighting=false&displayGroups=&sortBy=&source=&search_within_results=&p=UHIC%3AWHIC&acti
on=e&catId=&activityType=&scanId=&documentId=GALE%7CCX3048900026
• American Anti Slavery Society
• http://school.eb.swb.orc.scoolaid.net/levels/high/article/6091
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Abolitionism
http://school.eb.swb.orc.scoolaid.net/levels/high/article/111233#77738.toc
Harriet Tubman
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p1535.html
Sojourner Truth
http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/sojourner-truth
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Underground Railroad
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p2944.html
William Still
http://www.pbs.org/black-culture/shows/list/underground-railroad/home/