 Chapter
 The
3, Section 1
English defeat of the
Spanish Armada ended Spanish
control of the seas.
 England could start colonies in
North America.
 In April 1607, ships entered
Chesapeake Bay and named
their settlement Jamestown to
honor their king, King James I.
 First
settlement was
Jamestown in the colony of
Virginia in 1607.
 Captain
John Smith arrived in
1608 to govern the colonists.
 John
Rolfe discovered how to
grow tobacco and it was the first
crop grown in England.
 Relations
with the Native
Americans improved when Rolfe
married the chief’s daughter
Pocahontas.
 The
colonists would farm their own
land and make a profit off of it.
They became competitive.
 Colonists
who paid their own
way to America were given 100
acres of land.
 Colonists
sent representatives to
an assembly to make local
laws.
The
House of Burgesses met
for the first time on July 30,
1619.
End Section 1
 Chapter
3, Section 2
 There were two religious
groups in England:
Anglican Church = Puritans
Those who wanted to set
up their own church =
Separatist/Pilgrims
 If
the Separatist would settle in
Virginia they could practice
their religion freely.
 They
must share their profits
with the company.
 The
Separatist are the pilgrims.
 The Mayflower took Pilgrims to
settle the Virginia Colony.
 They
stopped at Plymouth due
to harsh winter.
 The
Virginia Company laws did
not apply in Plymouth.
 They
developed the Mayflower
Compact to provide laws to live
by.
 It was the beginning of a
representative government or
self government.
 The Indians taught the Pilgrims
how to hunt, fish, and grow
crops.
 John
Winthrop was the governor
of the Puritan settlements.
 The
Colony of Connecticut
adopted a plan of government
called the Fundamental Orders of
Connecticut.
 It
was the first written constitution
in America.
 Chapter
 New
3, Section 3
Amsterdam was controlled
by the Dutch. New Amsterdam
was located in the New
Netherland colony. New
Netherland was surrendered to
the English forces and renamed
New York.
 It
was a center of shipping to and
from the America’s. It was a
good seaport.
 New
Amsterdam was later
named New York City.
 In
1691, the English
government allowed New
York to elect a legislative
government.
 New
Jersey attracted people
by offering land, freedom of
religion, trial by jury, and a
representative assembly.
 Pennsylvania
was named after
William Penn. He also wrote the first
Pennsylvania constitution.
 He
attracted settlers by advertising
through Europe in several different
languages.
 In
1701, Penn granted the colonists
the right to elect representatives to
a legislative assembly.
 In
1704, three lower counties
of Pennsylvania formed their
own government and
became the colony of
Delaware.
 Small
businesses began
popping up around New
England colonies.
 Large towns attracted furniture
makers, blacksmiths, and
printers. Women made candles
and clothing for their families
and to trade.
 The
Triangular Trade Route
took items to the west Indies
and Africa.
 The Middle Passage was the
worst for slaves because they
had horrible conditions and
treatment.
 They
 The
produced cash crops.
Southern Colonies of
Maryland and Virginia relied
on tobacco.
 South
Carolina and Georgia
depended on rice.
 Rice
harvesting required so much
strenuous work, so they had to
have slaves work the crops.
 Plantations were large farms in
the South that were run by slaves.
 Plantations
were located on rivers
so crops could be shipped to
market by boat.
 Slavery was the main reason for
success in the south.
 Most slaves lived on plantations.
 Slaves were treated cruelly on
plantations.
 The
English Bill of Rights was
created in 1689. It gave
certain basic rights to all
citizens.
 It became part of the English
law that American colonists
shared.
 It inspired the creation of the
American Bill of Rights.
 Navigation
the 1650s.
Act was passed in
 It
controlled the trade of
goods between England and
the colonies.
 This
prevented them from
sending goods like sugar and
tobacco anywhere but to
England.
 Some
colonists smuggled and
traded illegally. They ignored
the laws.
 Magna
Carta = King John
was forced to sign in 1215. It
established a limited
government. The power of the
king or government was
limited.
 Charter
colonies included:
Connecticut and Rhode
Island. They were established
by settlers who were given
rights and privileges.
 Proprietary
colonies were ruled
by proprietors, people who
were free to rule as they wished.
 Proprietors
were given land by
Britain or the king.
 Proprietary
colonies included:
Delaware, Maryland, and
Pennsylvania
 Royal
Colonies were ruled by the
king of Great Britain.
 Royal colonies included: Georgia,
Massachusetts, New Hampshire,
New Jersey, New York, North
Carolina, South Carolina, and
Virginia.
 In the colonies most women,
servants, poor, and African
Americans could not vote. Only
white, land owning males.

The Great Awakening, 1720s
through 1740s, was an increase
in religious activity. Ministers
preached with emotion. It led
people to experience God and
taught that they were
responsible for their own actions.
As a result, many new churches
were formed.

In 1636, the Puritans
established Harvard College,
which was set up to teach
ministers.

Enlightenment spread the
idea that society could be
improved through knowledge,
reason, and science.
The best known American
scientist was Benjamin Franklin.
He invented the Franklin stove
which was a furnace used to
help warm houses.
• Andrew Hamilton argued that
free speech was a basic right of
English people.
•
End Section 2
 The
French and British
continued to fight as both
countries expanded into each
others territory.
 The Native Americans helped
the French. The French did not
try to take away their land.
 The
Iroquois Confederacy was
the most powerful.
 The
British and French
continued to fight. There was
a meeting in Albany, New York
to discuss the threat of war.
 Benjamin
Franklin came up
with the Albany Plan of Union.
 It would have one government
for 11 colonies and would unite
them.
 The colonies did not approve
the Albany plan because they
did not want to loose power of
their colony.
 Fundamental
Orders of
Connecticut was the first
Constitution of America.
 It
gave them the right to select
judges, governors, and
representatives to make laws.
End Section 3
 The
French and Indian War was
the beginning of the Seven Year
War.
 William Pitt oversaw the war
effort from London.
 After the French and Indian War
the British raised taxes to help
with debt.
 The
Treaty of Paris marked an end
of power in North America for
France.
 To prevent more fighting, Britain
called a halt to the settlers
westward expansion.
 Proclamation of 1763 set the
Appalachian Mountains as the
temporary border for the
colonies.
End Chapter 4, Video Follows

Slave codes are the laws
passed in the Southern states
that controlled and restricted
enslaved people.
 Believed
that every individual had
an “inner light” that could guide
him or her to salvation.
 Believed each person could
experience religious truth directly,
which meant that church services
and officials were unnecessary.
 Believed everyone was equal in
God’s sight.

New York and Pennsylvania
relied heavily on cash crops.
 The Sugar Act in 1764 was to try and
stop smuggling. They lowered the tax
on molasses so that people would
buy instead of smuggle.
 Molasses
is a syrup produced from
raw sugar.

The Stamp Act placed a tax
on all printed goods.
› Ex: Newspapers, playing
cards, etc.
Samuel Adams started the
Son’s of Liberty. Members
would protest the Stamp Act.
 Townshend Act taxed
imported goods only. Taxes
were paid at the port upon
entry. It taxed basic items that
they were not able to
produce.

 The
redcoats and Bostonians
began fighting and the
redcoats killed 5 people.
 The Boston Massacre was on
March 5, 1770.
Crispus Attucks was the African
American/dockworker that was killed in
the Boston Massacre.
 Colonial leaders used news of the Boston
Massacre as propaganda against the
British.
 In 1772, Samuel Adams revived the
committee of correspondence.

 This
was an organization that used
meetings and letters to spread
ideas to colonies.
 Tea Act of 1773, it allowed tea to
be sold to shopkeepers at a low
price. They could ship tea without
paying most of the taxes.
 Colonists
argued it was an attempt
to crush the colonists’ liberty or
freedom.
 The Boston Sons of Liberty dressed
as Indians and took 342 chests of
tea and threw it overboard into the
Boston Harbor. This was known as
the Boston Tea Party.
 King
George III and Parliament
punished the colonists of
Massachusetts. They felt Boston
must pay for the tea they ruined.
 They passed the Coercive Acts
which closed the Boston Harbor
until they paid for the ruined tea.
 With
the harbors closed they
could not get food shipped in.
 The Coercive Acts were
renamed the Intolerable Acts
by the colonists.
End Section 2



The Continental Congress met in
September of 1774.
They challenged British rule.
The Congress included Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry, George
Washington, and others.
Colonial troops were called
minutemen.
 The British, led by Thomas
Gage, were getting ready for
war.
 Paul Revere and William
Dawes rode to Lexington to
warn that the British were
coming.


British soldiers are called
redcoats.
The Battle of Lexington
resulted in 8 deaths.


Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote
the Americans at Lexington
and Concord had fired the
“shot heard around the
world”.

The Battle for American
Independence from Britain
had begun.



The Battle of Bunker Hill was
fought on June 16, 1775.
The British won.
Americans withdrew
because they ran out of
gunpowder.

Loyalists wanted to remain
with Britain.
Patriots wanted to fight the
British.

End Section 3
No notes?
 Video over Thomas Paine, Declaration of
Independence, and the Preamble.


The colonies declared
independence from England in
July 1776.

America’s greatest advantage
in the war was their leader,
George Washington.
 Women:
› Margaret Corbin= fought
next to husband.
› Mary Ludwig= Molly the
Pitcher (carried water to
soldiers).
› Deborah Sampson= dressed
as boy and enlisted to fight.

Nathan Hale was a teacher
that spied on British troops.

He was caught and hanged
on September 22, 1776.

Victory of Saratoga in 1777
showed British that the
Americans might win this war.
•
At Valley Forge there was not
enough food or clothing for the
winter.
•
Judith Murray argued that women’s
minds were as good as a man’s.
•
Abigail Adams also fought for
women’s rights.
•
African Americans who fought in the
American Revolution got freedom.
End Sections 1 & 2

Battle of Yorktown was won
by the Americans. It was
the last battle of the war.
It was too costly for the
British to continue fighting.

•
Treaty of Paris took effect on
September 3, 1783. This
showed that America was an
independent nation.
• December 4, 1783, George
Washington gave up his
command and returned
home.
•
End Section 3 & 4


Some white men age 21 and
older had the right to vote.
Some states allowed free
African Americans to vote.
The states wanted to form a
republic government. This is
when citizens are elected and
citizens rule.


The Articles of Confederation
was the first constitution for the
new states.
The government consisted of
a Congress and
Representatives from each
state.

The Congress could conduct
foreign affairs, maintain armed
forces, borrow money, and issue
money.

The Congress could not regulate
trade, force citizens to join the
army, or impose taxes.

All states had to approve the
Articles and amendments.


Northwest Territory included
anything north of Ohio River
and east of Mississippi River.
After they reached 60,000
population they could petition
for statehood. They would
enter with the same rights as
the other 13 states.

George Washington stated
that the Articles were too
weak and must be made
stronger.
End Section 1
Farmers could not pay their
request for money because
they were unable to sell their
goods.
 Daniel Shays led the Shays’
Rebellion in which the farmers
were fighting to keep judges
from taking farm land.

Slavery was legal in all Northern
states.
 Southern plantation owners
feared their economy could not
survive without slaves.
 James Madison is often called
the Father of the Constitution
because he was the author of the
basic plan of government.

 The
Convention chose George
Washington to preside over the
meetings.
 Edmund Randolph introduced the
Virginia Plan. It called for 2 house
legislature. Gave states delegates
based on population size.
 New Jersey Plan gave one vote per
state regardless of population size.
The Great Compromise was
created by Roger Sherman.
 3/5 Compromise was to count
each slave as 3/5 of a free
person for taxes and
representation.
› 5 slaves = 3 free people.


George Mason proposed a Bill
of Rights to be included in the
Constitution.
› It was defeated.
› It listed government powers
and protection of individual
rights.
The committees met in
Philadelphia on Sept. 17, 1787,
to sign the Constitution.
 9 states must sign it in order for
it to be approved.

End Section 2


Magna Carta placed limits on
the power of the monarch.
Enlightenment was a
movement of the 1700s that
promoted knowledge, reason,
and science as a means to
improve society.

John Locke believed all people
had natural rights. Rights of life,
liberty, and property.

The constitution was a contract
between the people and their
government.

The Spirit of Laws said powers
should be separated and
balanced against each other.


Framers of the Constitution did
divide the powers of government.
Constitution powers:
 Government: regulate trade,
control army, control money, and
declare war
 State: enforce and pass laws,
regulate trade, establish local
government.


Government has 3 braches:
Legislative Brach: establishes
Congress, law making branch
(2 senators for each state),
makes all laws.
 Executive
Branch: headed by the
President, conducts foreign
relations. President and Vice
President serve 4 year terms.

Judicial Branch: court system of
the United States, power resides
in “one supreme Court”, Supreme
Court and federal courts hear
cases involving the Constitution,
laws passed by Congress, and
disputes between states.

Checks and balances:
› 3 braches have roles that
check or limit the others.
› Therefore, no single
branch can dominate the
government.


Federalist Papers were essays
explaining and defending the
Constitution. They were
published as a book.
Anti-Federalist Papers argued
that the Constitution would
take away the liberties
Americans fought to win from
Great Britain.


Delaware was the first state to
approve the Constitution.
Civics in Action section.
•
The Preamble is the introduction to the
Constitution.
•
Popular Sovereignty reinforces “authority
of the people”. We allow the people to
decide.
•
The Bill of Rights is the FIRST 10
amendments.

Marbury V Madison= Judicial
review.
 Impeach
is to charge a public
official with misconduct in
office.
 Bill
becomes a law
1. Bill introduced in House and Senate.
2. Bill referred to House and Senate
committee for changes.
3. House and Senate debates and
passes its form of a bill.
4. House and Senate reach
compromise.
5. President signs bill into law or House
and Senate approve compromise.
 Due
Process = Government must
treat all people according to the
laws of the Constitution.
 Draft = Males must register at the
age of 18 with the government in
case they are needed for military
service.
 April 30, 1789, George
Washington became the first
President (Mr. President) and John
Adams was the first VP.
 Thomas Jefferson – Secretary of
State (relations with other nations)
 Alexander Hamilton – Secretary of
the Treasury (money issues)
 Henry
Knox = Secretary of War
(nation’s defense)
 Edmund Randolph = Attorney
General
 These
men made up the first
cabinet or Congress.
•
December 1791, the first 10
amendments, The Bill of Rights,
was added to the Constitution. It
protected individual rights.
•
Most Americans earned a living
by farming.
•
Hamilton wanted to put a
tax/tariff on imports to
encourage people to buy
American supplies.
End Section 1

Whiskey Rebellion is when
farmers had to pay a special
tax on whiskey. The farmers
attacked because they did
not have money for the new
tax.

The struggle in the west was with
the Indians. We wanted the Indians
out. We wanted to sign treaties with
them.
 Chief
Turtle was the chief of the
Miami people. A group of Indians
mainly from Indiana.


Washington’s Farewell Address
was published in a Philadelphia
newspaper.

It attacked evils of political
parties and foreign affairs.

Washington’s final words
influenced the nations foreign
policy for over 100 years.
End Section 2 Video Follows
Partisan is favoring one side of an issue.
 Two main political parties are the:
(Washington warned parties would
divide the nation).
 Federalist: supported Washington,
stood for a strong federal
government. Believed in a national
bank.
 Democratic-Republican: limit power
on government, feared that the
strong federal government would
endanger people’s liberties. Believed
in state banks and rule by the
people.


To prepare for the election, the
two parties held meetings called
caucuses.
John Adams and Thomas
Jefferson ran for the next
Presidency. Adams won and
Jefferson became Vice President.


XYZ Affair was a crisis with France.
They wanted a loan from the
United States and sent three men
to bargain for a loan. These men
were known as X, Y, and Z.
Sedition Acts made it illegal to
criticize the government and
allowed the president to deport
aliens.

Matthew Lyon was arrested for
fighting in Congress.

Immigrants from Africa could not
even apply for citizenship.

The Naturalization Act made it
more difficult for white aliens to
become citizens. This act increased
the amount of time for an
immigrant to become a citizen from
5 years to 14 years.

The Virginia and Kentucky
Resolutions claimed the Sedition
Acts violated the Constitution.
 The
Twelfth Amendment to the
Constitution says electors must
vote for the President and
Vice President on separate
ballots.
 Laissez-faire = Means you
should let people do as they
choose.
 Customs
duties = taxes on foreign
imported goods.
 Federalists passed the Judiciary
Act of 1801. This act set up courts
for the United States with 16
judges.
 Three principals of judicial review:
 1. Constitution is the supreme law of
the land.
 2. When there is a conflict, the
Constitution must be followed.
 3.
The Judicial Branch has the duty
to uphold the Constitution.
 Marshall
set out these principals in
order to broaden the Supreme
court powers.
End of section 1
Section 2
 Louisiana Territory = doubled the size of
the United States, the U.S. purchased it
from France for $15 million dollars, and it
included the area west of the Mississippi
River. It was purchased in 1803.
 Jefferson wanted to know more about
the land purchased west of the
Mississippi. He sent Lewis and Clark on
an expedition.
 An African American named York also
made the trip with Lewis and Clark.
Section 3
 A nation not involved in a conflict had
neutral rights. They had rights to sail the
seas and not take sides.

An embargo prohibits trade with another
country.

The Embargo Act banned imports from
and exports to all foreign countries.

The War Hawks pressured the president
to declare war on Britain. They did not
like Britain’s actions against the
Americans and they wanted to expand
the nation’s power.

Madison called for war against Britain in
the spring of 1812.
End of section 3
Oliver Hazard Perry was commander of
the Lake Erie navel forces. He destroyed
the British naval forces there.
 Francis Scott Key wrote a poem called
“The Star-Spangled Banner” after
watching the bombs burst over Fort
McHenry. By the dawn’s early light he
could still see the American flag flying.
 In 1931, Congress named the StarSpangled Banner the National Anthem.


The Treaty of Ghent ended the War of
1812.

In the Battle of New Orleans, the
Americans defeated the British army.
Andrew Jackson led the Americans to
victory.


Americans did not have
enough people to work so
they started making tools that
made work easier.
The Industrial Revolution
started in Britain.

People started leaving their
farm life and moving to the
city for jobs.

Free enterprise means they
are free to buy, sell, and
produce whatever they want.
This provides competition and
profit.
 Eli
Whitney invented the cotton
gin. It removed seeds from the
cotton.
 Francis
Cabot Lowell opened the
first mill or factory system. This
increased the supply.
 Eli
Whitney started using
interchangeable parts, which
reduced the price of goods.

People invested in industries
because of low taxes,
competition, and few
government rules.

Most industries were close to
rivers and streams so they
could use the waterpower.
End Section 1

Moving west was very hard and
included many groups.
› In 1790, the population was 4
million people.
› 30 years later it was 10 million
people.

Manifest Destiny means we
are destined to expand west
to the Pacific Ocean.
 Steamboat
made shipping
faster and easier.
The
Era of Good Feeling
increased nationalism and
patriotism in the US.
Everyone was happy with
their leader Monroe.

The South was strongly for slavery
and the North was not.

The South wanted Missouri to be
admitted to the Union as a slave
state. Missouri was in the north, so
the North disagreed.

Maine also applied for statehood
at this time.

The Missouri Compromise solved
the discussion.

The Congress admitted Missouri
as a slave state and Maine as a
free state.

Henry Clay was a leader that
tried to resolve disputes through
compromise.

After the war of 1812, Monroe
and Adams tried to resolve
disputes with Great Britain and
Spain.
 Monroe
Doctrine, the military
did not enforce. It was too
important in American foreign
policy.
End of Chapter 10
Chapter 11


Andrew Jackson’s nickname
was “Old Hickory”. His troops
believed he was as tough as a
hickory stick.
Jackson took care of the
common man and wanted
equal rights for everyone.


Jackson put a tariff which
included a huge tax on
European goods. Citizens were
forced to buy American goods
because they were so much
cheaper.
The South felt this tax was
hateful. It would cause
American made goods to be


Nullification Act was South
Carolina state legislature
passing this act which said
they would not pay the illegal
tariff of 1828 and 1832.
Indian Removal Act offered
money to the Native
Americans if they would move
west.

Worcester v. Georgia ruled
that Georgia had no right to
interfere with the Cherokee
Indians.

Trail of Tears was a journey the
Cherokees took to the west.
They were forced from their
home and thousands died.

Osceola was the chief of the
Seminole tribe.

They resisted to move and fought
the US. Many Americans died.

We pushed most of our Indians to
Oklahoma.
End Section 2 & 3
In 1803, the US bought the Louisiana
Territory from France. Americans felt the
land in present day Texas was part of
the purchase.
 Santa Anna led the fight at the Alamo
and William B. Travis led the Texans in the
Battle of the Alamo.

 March
2, 1836, American
settlers and Tejanos declared
independence from Mexico.

The Republic of Texas was
established.
In September of 1836, Sam
Houston was elected
president of Texas.
 On December 29, 1845, Texas
became a state of the US. The
President was James Polk.

End Section 2
The US offered Mexico 30 million for
California and New Mexico. We also said
we would pay off their debt. Mexico
refused the offer.
 Polk wanted to go to war, but he
wanted Mexico to take the first shot.

The border of Texas was the Rio Grande.
Mexico believed it was the Nueces River.
 President Polk had a 3 part plan for the
war with Mexico: 1.Make the border of
Texas secure. 2. Seize New Mexico and
California. 3. Seize Mexico City (Capital
of Mexico).


Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo:
Mexico gave up all claims to
Texas, agreed to Rio Grande as
the border, and sold the US
California and New Mexico for 15
million.
 The
US paid 10 million for the
Gadsden Purchase which
made the US the size it is
today.
End Section 3

Chapter 12, Section 4

Those who went to California in 1849 in
search of gold were called forty-niners.

Mormons were from the Utah area. They
went to Utah to fulfill their vision of the
godly life.

Factories:
› Men, women, and children worked
in them.
› They worked long hours.
› Lots of accidents (Examples: no
protective shields of leather belts).
Many lost fingers and there were a
lot of broken bones.
› No laws to protect workers.


Sarah Bagley started a
petition for a 10-hour work
day. It was thrown out
because only women signed
it.
Immigrants brought their
language, religion, and
customs with them.
 African
Americans:
› First newspaper was Freedom’s
Journal.
› Macon Allen was the first to
practice law.
› Most were poor.
› Henry Boyd owned a furniture
company.
End Section 2


Slavery in the north was gone,
but still thriving in the South with
cotton.
Eli Whitney invented the cotton
gin. They had to have more
workers and farmers wanted to
produce more cotton. They relied
on slaves.

South had little industry.
Agriculture was making a lot of
money.

North had industries, few slaves,
and many railroads.

South had agriculture, lots of
slaves, and few railroads.
End Section 3

Slavery:
› Worked hard.
› Made no money.
› No freedom.
› Fear of being sold (separated
from family members).
› No laws to protect them.

Harriet Tubman fled to the
north and gained freedom.
She was known as Moses to
the blacks. She was one of the
conductors of the
Underground Railroad. South
was offering huge rewards to
return her.


Underground Railroad was
owned by freed blacks and
whites who opposed slavery.
Gave help to runaway slaves.
“Safe Houses”.
Frederick Douglass fled to the
north and gained freedom.
End Section 4

Temperance means drinking
little or no alcohol.

Reformers blamed alcohol for
poverty, crime, insanity, and
break up of families.

Horace Mann was the leader
for educational reform,
lawyer, changed school year
to six months, changed
curriculum, paid teachers
more, and trained teachers.
 1850s,
most states accepted
three basic principles for
education.
› Schools should be free and
supported by taxes.
› Teachers should be trained.
› Children have to go.

Mainly only men were allowed to
go to college. In 1833 the College
of Ohio accepted women and
blacks.

Thomas Gallaudet opened the
Hartford school to teach the deaf.

Dorothea Dix fought for the rights of
prisoners and mentally ill.

End Section 1


American Colonization Society
bought slaves and sent them to
start new lives. They did not keep
them as slaves.
William Lloyd Garrison founded
the newspaper, “The Liberator”
and worked to abolish slavery. He
started the abolitionist movement.

Sarah and Angelina Grimke were
from the south and had lived with
slaves their whole life. They spoke
out about the cruelty of slavery.

Angelina wrote the book
“American Slavery As It Is” and it
became on of the most influential
abolitionist publications.


In 1830, the first convention of free
African American leaders was held in
Philadelphia. They discussed starting
a black college and immigration.
Sojourner Truth used to be named
Belle. She was a slave that escaped
in 1826. She changed her name
because she said, “I will now walk in
the light of God’s truth”. She fought
for women’s rights.

The north was against slavery,
but many of them would not
fight for blacks’ freedom. They
felt it would cause a war
between the North and the
South.
Extra Facts
 Thomas
Jefferson’s greatest
contribution as president was the
purchase of the Louisiana Territory
from France.
 Northwest Ordinance was established
in 1787. It was to create new states
from western territories.
New states admitted to the Union
were equal to existing states.
 Congress elected judges and
governors.
 When they got 5000 free males
they could send one to Congress.
 When they got 60,000 free people
they could write a constitution.
 They would be admitted as a
state.


Battle of Saratoga in the American
Revolution convinced France to
support American Independence.
They formed an alliance with the US
government.

Worcester V Georgia Supreme
Court case, ruled in favor of the
Cherokee nation. President Jackson
refused to enforce the ruling and it
led to the Trail of Tears.
Era of Good Feelings increased
nationalism and patriotism in the
US. It happened after the war of
1812.
 The Nullification Crisis concerned
South Carolina’s feelings with
federal policy on taxes and tariffs.
 Samuel Morse invented the
Morse code and telegraph.

End Section 2
 Tell
me about the following
items: (Section 1 notes)
› Missouri Compromise
› Wilmot Proviso
› Free-Soil Party
› Compromise of 1850 (5 main
points)
Chapter 15, Section 1
 Missouri
Compromise was the
balancing of slave and free
states. Missouri was slave and
Maine was free.

Wilmot Proviso said slavery should
not be allowed in any land that
could be taken by Mexico.

Free-Soil Party was formed by
people who left their party because
of the slave issue. Martin Van Buren
was elected as their presidential
candidate.
 Compromise of 1850 included Clay’s 5 main
points
› California admitted as a free state.
› New Mexico have no restrictions on slaves.
› Mexico-Texas border dispute
› Slave trade would be abolished.
› Stronger fugitive slave laws.
› This was to be the final settlement
between the North and the South.


Fugitive Slave Act required all
citizens to catch runaways. If they
took care of the fugitives they
could get fined or time in prison.
Underground Railroad helped
runaways make the way to
freedom.


Kansas-Nebraska Act said Kansas
and Nebraska would be territory
opened to slaveholding.
John Brown thought God wanted
him to end slavery. He killed five
supporters of slavery at
Pottawatomie Creek.
End Section 2

Mason Dixon line is the boundary line
between free states and slave states.
 Democrats,
and Free Soilers joined
together and formed the
Republican party.

Know Nothing Party is the
American Party. This group
contained Native people.

Dred Scott Decision :
› The slave Dred Scott was owned by a
doctor. The doctor and slave once
lived in a free state. Once the doctor
died, Dred felt like he should be free
since he once lived in a free state. His
case made it to the Supreme Court.
Roger Taney = Chief Justice of Dred
Scott case, and he ruled on the case.
 1) 5th amendment prohibits Congress
from taking away property. Slaves were
considered property.
 2) Congress had no power to prohibit
slavery.
 3) Missouri Compromise was
unconstitutional because the
constitution protected slavery.


Stephen Douglas (Democrat)
and Abraham Lincoln
(Republican) were in a race
for the Senate. Lincoln said
slavery should not be allowed
to spread. Lincoln lost this
election.

John Brown went to Harper’s
Ferry, Virginia to raid a storage
place for ammunition. He was
caught and hanged. This was
a major cause of the Civil War.


Republicans nominated Abraham
Lincoln as their presidential
candidate. Lincoln said slavery
should be left alone where it
already exists, but excluded from
new territories.
1860 election was won by Lincoln.
He won every northern state.

South felt like Lincoln would end
slavery. In 1860, South Carolina
seceded from the Union.

1861, Texas, Mississippi, Alabama,
Georgia, Louisiana, and Florida
seceded from the Union.

These states called themselves the
Confederate States. They chose
Jefferson Davis as their president.


Virginia, North Carolina,
Tennessee, and Arkansas also
joined the Confederacy.
Fort Sumter was the first battle of
the Civil War. Confederate groups
opened fire on April 12, 1861. In
this battle there was no loss of
lives. The Union had to surrender
due to lack of supplies.
End Section 4
President during the Civil War?
 Confederacy were states in the?
 Union were states in the?
 First Battle of the Civil War?
 How long did the Civil War last?
 Who surrendered first?



Confederates: Half were black,
9000 miles of railroad, gray
uniforms, more military
experience.
Union: no blacks, 23,000 miles of
railroad, blue uniforms, less military
experience.

Battle of Bull Run: Confederacy
won, was the first battle in which
people died, of the Civil War.
Lincoln wanted volunteers to
serve a three year term.
 They fear getting sick more than
getting shot.


The North’s primary goal is to take
control of the Mississippi River. This
would split the Confederates.

The Battle of New Orleans was
the battle won by the north. It
gave the north almost full control
of the Mississippi River.

Battle of Antietam was the single
bloodiest day of the Civil War.
6000 dead and 17,000 were
wounded.

North’s new aim was to take
action against slavery.
End Section 2


Lincoln felt slavery was wrong,
but feared to move against it
because of the border states.
(Thought the border states would
succeed the Union.
Lincoln felt the slave issue was
helping the South with the war.
 Summer
1862, Lincoln decided to
emancipate or free all slaves in the
South.

13th amendment truly freed all
slaves.

The Confederacy offered slaves
freedom after the war if they
would fight. Most slaves had
already escaped to the north.

Emancipation did not end
slavery. The rebellion states did
not act on the order. It did
show the world that the Civil
War was not being fought to
end slavery. Lincoln wanted to
save the Union.
End Section 3


The rebels suffered from lack of food
and supplies during the Civil War.
Women during the war were
teachers, office workers, made
ammunition, took food and
medicine to troops, raised money for
food, spies (learned of plans and told
the other side) and also served as
nurses.

April 1862, they passed a draft.
Men between 18 and 35 had to
serve in the army for three years.
(Confederacy).

The economy of the North was
much stronger than the South.
The South had lack of factories
and their farmland and railroads
were torn up by the war.
End Section 4
Battle of Gettysburg was one of
the last battles of the Civil War.
 The Union won this battle.
 Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address
stated soldiers had lost their lives to
ensure government for the people,
of the people, and by the people.
Lincoln was talking about
Democracy.



End of the Civil War: Lee
surrendered to Grant with the terms
that the Confederacy troops must
lay down their arms, and then they
were free to go home
More than 600,000 troops died
during the Civil War. There has been
no other war fought on American
soil since the Civil War.
End Section 5

Civil Rights Act of 1866 gave full
citizenship to African Americans.

June 1866: 14th amendment was
passed. Gave all people born in the
US citizenship.

February 1869: 15th amendment
gave all male citizens the right to
vote.
End Section 2


Most blacks were
Republicans.
Between 1869 and 1880, 16
blacks served in the House of
Representatives and 2 in the
Senate.


In 1866, the Ku Klux Klan was
formed. They hurt and killed blacks
and whites that supported
Reconstruction.

In Lincoln’s 2nd Inaugural
Address, he stated the South
should get fair treatment after
the war.

Battle of Vicksburg was
important because it gave the
Union army control of the
Mississippi River.


Monroe Doctrine: US would not
allow further European
colonization in the west. US will
remain neutral in European wars.
The Mormons leader took them
to Salt Lake City. This is where the
main Mormon temple was built.

Civil War: Union Commander
was Grant. Confederate
Commander was Lee.
President of US was Lincoln.










TAKS
Context Clues
Cross out wrong answers
Read questions twice.
Read all answer choices twice.
In pictures also look at works.
Look at map also look at the key.
Always read the title of a map.
If the question takes too much time or if you are
unsure, skip it and come back to it later.
When dealing with maps, charts, and graphs, if you
can not prove it, it is wrong.