• Day:
• Session:
• Speaker:
Wednesday 9th November
9.00am - 10.30am
Jude Wallace
• Topic:
Research Report
Expert Group Meeting 2005
Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne
Incorporating Sustainable Development Objectives
into
ICT Enabled Land Administration Systems
Australia’s International
Science Linkages Program
Expert Group Meeting 911 November 2005
Geomatics
The University of
Melbourne
Centre for Spatial Data
Infrastructures and Land
Administration
Research Report
Sustainability Accounting in
Land Administration
Jude Wallace
Expert Group Meeting 2005
Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne
Research was a journey to :
•
•
identify a National Vision for LAS in Australia, and
show our European visitors the Australian
achievements in web based solutions.
The innovations of Australian land administrators will be
clear from their presentations.
Notice:
technological solutions to problems of size, low value
land, difficult environmental problems
use of the Internet
use of cooperation to overcome federal divisions
Expert Group Meeting 2005
Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne
NATIONAL VISION FOR AUSTRALIAN LAND ADMINISTRATION
Sustainability accounting in land administration
Comprehensive integrated land management built on digital information about land
and the way we use it and cooperative public/private sector arrangements
Components:
 Integrated land management paradigm
 Comprehensive land policies
 Flexible tenure systems
 Authentic registers for valuable commodities
 Information policies: Spatially enabled government using modern ICT
 iLand
?? Framework for land use regulation and management – RRRs (current)
?? Integrated with water and resource management (in contemplation)
 Monitoring and evaluation systems (in contemplation)
Expert Group Meeting 2005
Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne
The national vision is not final. The EGM will examine and
modify the vision.
Expert Group Meeting 2005
Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne
The research story –
Simple research aims met –
technology issues (Wow ! – how computers change ….)
institutional issues (But institutions remain the same)
epistemological issues
(Law meets Engineering)
The story is organised because of our partners and their
contributions, particularly Professor Stig Enemark.
Professor Ian Williamson and the researchers at the Centre are the
key to success of this project. It has been a joint intellectual and
administrative exercise.
Expert Group Meeting 2005
Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne
Starting point - 2003
Explain how modern land markets work. Why can some countries run
successful markets?
Half the story : De Soto The Mystery of Capital–
We passport land: we give it an identity.
PS, we do not passport “land”, but abstract “rights” in land.
Other half of the story:
We also need Cognitive capacity
Trust and confidence in government
Mutually reasonable arrangements in public and private sectors
Expert Group Meeting 2005
Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne
First, explain how modern land markets build wealth out of land.
Expert Group Meeting 2005
Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne
Explain we encourage invention of new commodities
Expert Group Meeting 2005
Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne
Economic Analysis of land markets - costs
Expert Group Meeting 2005
Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne
The World Bank, Doing Business in 2005, Removing Obstacles to Growth,, figures 3.7. and 5.8
Expert Group Meeting 2005
Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne
The case study countries did comparatively well in the global comparisons of LAS
registration systems, but still show remarkable divergences.
#
Procedures
Time:
# days
Cost: % of
value
Australia
5
7
4.5
Denmark
6
42
0.6
Germany
4
4.1
4.2
Netherlands
4
5
6.4
Switzerland
4
16
1.4
Table: Registering Property
WB Report Doing Business in 2005: Removing Obstacles to Growth, pp92-94
Expert Group Meeting 2005
Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne
Complex property markets require additional tools
The land market capable of wealth acceleration must provide:
Corporatisation - ability of business to separate risk from capital, debt from
equity – for protection of creditors
Securitisation - ability to convert balance sheet asset into liquid funds and
create another layer of commodities
Separation - ability to separate ownership and management, benefit
entitlement from capital input, layers of interests in same land or resources
These capacities mix private and public sectors.
The LAS is the essential foundation of their success.
The more streamlined the LAS, the better the wealth acceleration capacity
of the complex property market.
Expert Group Meeting 2005
Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne
Dale’s Three Pillars Diagram - modified
Expert Group Meeting 2005
Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne
Market issues in land administration are familiar territory.
But we are claiming land administration delivers ‘triple
bottom line’ sustainability
•
economic
•
social ???
•
environmental ???
Expert Group Meeting 2005
Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne
Differences in
approach –
Law = text and
concepts
Engineering =
organisation of
information
Vitality of the Cadastre in LAS must be communicated
Expert Group Meeting 2005
Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne
GRI Indicators:
Environmental: an organisation’s impact on living and nonliving natural systems including eco-systems, land air and water
Social: an organisation’s impact on social systems in which it
operates
How many LAS organisations can sign off on these indicators?
Expert Group Meeting 2005
Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne
SOCIAL VALUES
Housing ‘bubble’ doubled
household wealth between
1998 and 2004.
Predictions for market
correction are common in 2005.
“ABN AMRO's research found that almost twothirds of Australian household wealth is now
in housing, with a market value of $3.2 trillion
- almost six times households' annual income.
Over the past 45 years, the value of housing has,
on average, been just three-and-a-half times
household income, and for much of that period
interest rates were as low as now or lower.
While 64 per cent of Australian households'
wealth was in real estate, just 6 per cent was in
ownership of shares, the bank said.
Another 18 per cent was in superannuation, 8 per
cent in cash or bank deposits, and 3 per cent in
cars and other durables.”
Graphic Nathaneal Scott,
Tim Colbatch, The Age, 4 July 05.
Expert Group Meeting 2005
Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne
Environmental sustainability?
Saying is not doing
Expert Group Meeting 2005
Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne
The Land Management Paradigm
(Enemark and others 2005)
Expert Group Meeting 2005
Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne
Basic tool kits
Government roles -
•Announcements
(laws and standards)
• Tenure varieties
Stability
systems
Controls and
disputes
•Control and restrict
non-owners’ use
•Organisations
•Protect, control and
restrict owners’ use
• Spatial
identification
•Withdraw from
decisions about land
• Repeatability
Open-ended
opportunities for
owners’ decisions
LAND AND RESOURCE TENURES IN MATURE MARKETS
Expert Group Meeting 2005
Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne
Describe interests in the tenure
system..
• Length of time
• Source
• Relationship with possession
• Vocabulary of opportunities
Articulate
Rights
Identify
Interests
Evidence
Procedures
Publicity
• Constitutional limitations
Organise competitions
among interests, eg by…
• Eminent domain
• Date order
• Compulsory acquisition
• Type of formality used
• Land planning, services
• Registration order
• Regulation of land uses
• Knowledge of next owner
• Land tax
• Good faith of next owner
• Publicity by owner
Restrict
Layer
Settle and integrate
interest type among all
other types..
Prioritise
Risk
Manage
• Reliable administration
• Government insurance/guarantee
• Private insurance
• Risk transfer to next owner,
borrower, lender …
• Risk absorption by original owner
CAPACITIES OF MATURE TENURE SYSTEMS
Expert Group Meeting 2005
Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne
Development of Land Administration
Phase 1
Building
Instrumentalities
Phase 2
Land
registration and
survey
Building
markets
Phase 3
Private rights
focus
Cadastre focus
Supporting
Development
Valuation
Computerisation
Planning
Land titling
adaptation
Themes
Economic
Paradigm
WWII
Sharing capacity
Sustainability
Poverty reduction
Multi-discipline
SDIs
Broad land policies
Interoperability
Regulation
Environment
1975
Social Justice
1990
Phase 4
Contingency
planning with
spatial integration
Gender equity
Complex
commodities
Land management
tools
Restrictions and
responsibilities
Governance &
Information Society
2003
Expert Group Meeting 2005
Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne
2010
Land information databases for Australian Government
Agency
Database
Purpose
ATO
Land
transactions
since 1999
To facilitate the collection of CGT and GST
ABARE
Non-arable
land
To facilitate land management
APRI
Risks and
claims
To better manage insurance business sector
Centrelink
Land
ownership
To administer pension entitlements
ARB
Australian
property
markets
Australian Property Monitors was
commissioned to provide timely and
complete information about the property
markets in major capital cities.
ABS
House price
indices
Release of 3 June 05 contained price
information to December quarter 2004.
Expert Group Meeting 2005
Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne
Source focused LAS
….the rest
Restrictions
Land market
support
Utility
management
Land Tax
Development
Building
control
Valuation
Registration
Basic spatial
information
Land administration activities
Parcels
Properties
Buildings
Values
Zones/uses
Addresses
Expert Group Meeting 2005
Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne
….the rest
Restrictions
Land market
support
Utility
management
Land Tax
Development
Building
control
Valuation
Basic spatial
information
Spatial administration activities
Registration
Spatially
enabling
government
Parcels
Properties
Buildings
Values
Zones/uses
.
.
Addresses
- People/time/place/activity/interest
.
Expert Group Meeting 2005
Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne
….the rest
Restriction
s
Land market
support
Utility
management
Land Tax
Development
Building
control
Valuation
Basic spatial
information
Registration
Land administration activities
Parcels
Properties
Buildings
Values
Zones/uses
.
.
Addresses
- People times places activities interests
.
SPATIALLY ENABLING GOVERNMENT
Mesh blocks – 60
parcels
Analytical geocoded spaces
Properties and
their geo-coded
addresses GNAF
Digital definition of “WHERE” is now possible
EMERGING LAND ACCOUNTING ENGINE
Accounting system goes into our Land Management Paradigm
Expert Group Meeting 2005
Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne
Modern governments create new kinds of information about land
Traditional land information
Stable, objective, scientifically
proveable, observable
Relative land information
Socio/legal constructs, aspatial, abstract, dispersed,
volatile, invisible, but visualisable
Expert Group Meeting 2005
Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne
Meanwhile, resource sectors are driving
technological innovation, not waiting for
the perfection of the new products
SEE Grid of CSIRO, a web
community aimed at
creating an innovative new
data exchange network
Making the top kilometre of Australia
transparent
https://www.seegrid.csiro.au/twiki/bin/view/Infosrvices/MCAProjectTop
Expert Group Meeting 2005
Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne
Expert Group Meeting 2005
Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne
iLand presupposes competencies in LAS
iLand involves:
Spatially enabling public and private sectors
Managing land by appropriate regions and areas, not
agencies and jurisdictions
Integrating information (SDI)
Evaluating as we go.
Expert Group Meeting 2005
Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne
Evaluation and monitoring
Expert Group Meeting 2005
Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne
UNEP Global Reporting Principles, Sustainability Reporting Guidelines, 2002
Expert Group Meeting 2005
Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne
GRI
Reporting
principles
Expert Group Meeting 2005
Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne
Expert Group Meeting 2005
Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne
Expert Group Meeting 2005
Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne
Highlights of publications
Markets – land administration perspective
Privacy – nature of spatial information and need to free it from limitations of
“purpose” restraints
Registration systems – differences between systems for managing work
activities and systems for tracking transactions
Cadastres – to service complex commodity markets
Tenures – using markets to measure security of tenure
Tenures – using remedies (not rights) to regularise land
Spatial Information – the emerging opportunity for government
Relative Information – incorporating the expanding realm of information
used by government into LAS
Expert Group Meeting 2005
Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne
Questions ?????
Expert Group Meeting 2005
Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne