Chapter 20: The Rise of an Urban Order NATION OF NATIONS, SIXTH EDITION DAVIDSON • DELAY • HEYRMAN • LYTLE • STOFF © 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 2 Preview “At the center of the new industrial order was the city. But to accommodate the global migration of laborers and families, to support the sprawling factories and the masses who kept them going, urban centers of the late nineteenth century had to reinvent themselves.” © 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 3 The Highlights A New Urban Age Running and Reforming the City City Life City Culture © 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Day 1 Who was Andrew Carnegie? What is urbanization? What is immigration? © 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 5 A New Urban Age The Urban Explosion – USA population tripled, urban population 7 fold – Cities’ relations to regions around them shaped natural and economic environments – Farms to feed, lumber consumed, etc… The Great Global Migration – Jobs, over population, Louis Pasteur discovered bacteria causes infection © 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 6 Immigration and Population, 1860-1920 © 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. The Shape of the City – Ringed settlement with city center and zones of emergence from poverty – Suburban homes Urban Transportation – Electricity Trolley, Cable & Street car, Suburbs – Mass transit freed the middle class and poor to live miles from work Bridges and Skyscrapers – Suspension bridges – Cloudscrapers: open floors ideal for warehouses, office buildings and department stores 7 © 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 8 Growth of New Orleans to 1900 © 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 9 © 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Chap 15 sec 1 The Americans pg 39 © 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Day 2 Define mass transit List two examples of mass transits at the beginning of the 20th century How did mass transit lead to the rise of suburbs? © 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 12 Slum and Tenement – Perils of the slum neighborhood alcoholism, gangs, prostitution, gambling, crime – Diets and disease led to early death – Sewage and Water Purification helped – Dumbbell tenement spread “like a scab” window shafts filled with garbage and fire spread © 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 13 Running and Reforming the City Boss Rule – Political machine- organization that controlled a political party headed by a political boss – The boss made $ through dealings – A crude welfare system for supporters Rewards, Costs and Accomplishments – Boss William Tweed and Tammany Hall made $13 million off of $250,000 – Bosses guided immigrants and helped © 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 14 Nativism, Revivals, and the Social Gospel – Nativism: a defensive and fearful nationalism blamed economic woes on foreigners – Chinese Exclusion Act (1882): banned the entry of Chinese laborers – Social Gospel: focused on improving the conditions of society Salvation Army The Social Settlement Movement – The settlement house living in the slums – Jane Adam’s Hull House 1889 – Lobbied for social legislation to improve housing, women’s working conditions and public schools © 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 20-4 Jane Adams © 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Day 3 What is the Social Gospel Movement? How did Boss Tweed commit graft? What was a tenement? © 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 17 © 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 18 City Life The Immigrant in the City – Ethnic neighborhoods with a 10 year turnover – Adapting to America language and customs – Married later & more kids & less education – Chinese Exclusion Act 1882 led to more gangs, prostitution, crime, males after San Francisco earthquake 1906 paper children – Assimilation difficult for kids & parents © 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 19 Victorianism and the Pursuit of Virtue – Victorianism- personal conduct be based on orderly behavior and disciplined moralist, manners essential, gender roles w/ women as void vessels devoid of lust, men lustful beast – Woman’s Christian Temperance Union later “Do Everything” prostitution, education, suffrage © 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Comstock Law (1873) fought pornography Banned all material designed to icnite lust Challenges to Convention 3/4 of women enjoyed sex, 1/3 of woman had abortion, and the use of animal sheaths Victoria Woodhull ran for president 1872 “I am a free lover” © 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Chap 15-2 The Americans pg 53 © 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Day 4 What was the Chinese Exclusion Act? What was Nativism? How did Nativism and the Chinese Exclusion Act dispel the idea of America as a melting pot? © 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 23 City Culture Public Education in an Urban Industrial World – 1870 50% no education 20% illiterate – 1870-1900: an educational awakening occurred – Schools taught conformity and values in addition to reading, writing and arithmetic – Mc Guffey reader Higher Learning and the Rise of the Professional – Morrill Act of 1862 created land grant © 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. African American education 1900 50 % of African Americans could read Plessey v. Ferguson 1896 dismantled educational gains W.E.B. Du Bois- PHD from Harvard founded Niagara Movement insisting Blacks should pursue liberal arts education in order to have well educated community leaders Booker T Washington- racism would end once Blacks acquired useful skills and proved their economic value to society- founded Tuskegee Institute to this end © 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. A Culture of Consumption – Department stores – Chain stores and mail-order houses Leisure – Sports and class distinctions – Spectator sports for the urban masses Arts and Entertainment – The streets, the saloon, dance halls, boxing exhibitions, concerts and theater – Popular music and the coming of jazz – Circus- Barnum & Bailey- utilized railroads 25 © 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. AP PAGE 209-211 © 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Day 5 Where did W.E.B. Du Bois go to school? What did Booker T Washington believe about education? What was the Niagara Movement? © 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.