Jessica Farr
Sierra Farber
Fernando Castillo
March 10, 2011
CEE 211 Final Presentation
Optima’s 1078 House
CONSTRUCTION MANUAL
1
CEE 211 Final Presentation
1.1 Cover Letter
1.2 Case Example
1.3 Value Proposition
1.4 Background
1.5 Sponsor and Team Objectives
1.6 Specific Aims
1.7 Product, Organization, Process
2.0 Breakdown Structures
3.0 Coordination and Rework
7.0 Compressing Schedule
8.0 PIP Process and Assumptions
9.0 and 10.0 MACDADI Analysis
11.0 Business Recommendations to Client
12.0 VDC Modeling Recommendations
March 10, 2011
1. VDC Proposal Outline
2
Goodness
Virtual
Low initial.
High long term.
High initial.
Low long term.
145
230
CEE 211 Final Presentation
Cost
Paper
March 10, 2011
Business Decision
3
• Team qualifications to Solve this Engineering Problem:
• (Product) 3D
•
•
•
BIM modeling and analyses skills
(Product/Process) 4D modeling skills
(Organization/Process) SimVision modeling and analyses skills
(Product/Organization/Process) POP & MACDADI modeling and analyses skills
CEE 211 Final Presentation
• Assumed Engineering Problem: Mr. David Hovey Jr. desires to
produce an effective visual, paper-based construction manual for
his 1078 ft2 House project.
March 10, 2011
1.1 Cover Letter
4
1.1 Cover Letter, Executive Summary
These modeling tools allowed our team to analyze the potential effects to schedule conformance
given the use of a paper or a virtual manual during construction.
We looked to differences in overall process risk, rentable area, schedule, hidden work, and actor
backlog in order to see which design option would better increase schedule conformance and cost
conformance.
Finally, our team used a MACDADI analysis, which compiles and synthesizes all predicted process
behavior and outcome performance metrics, in order to determine the overall “goodness” of the paper
construction manual versus the virtual construction manual.
CEE 211 Final Presentation
Our team took a VDC approach to this task by using POP, SimVision, BIM (3D) *provided by the
sponsor*, 4D, models in order to provide the sponsor with two visual construction manual design
options: one paper and the other virtual.
March 10, 2011
Architect, David Hovey Jr. sponsored our CEE211 Team to produce a paper construction manual for
his 1078 ft2 house project, which will inevitably aid the GC, the superintendent, and crews to achieve
schedule conformance during the construction of the 1078 ft2 house.
5
MACDADI Model
4D Model
SimVision Model
Team’s Design Response
*Produce a visual, paper-based
construction manual
*Schedule conformance is key
(13-day Schedule)
*No analysis of product,
organization, or process.
*Create a visual, paper construction manual.
*Provide an alternative design option: a virtual
construction manual.
*Compare (through modeling & analysis) the
“goodness” of paper vs. virtual.
Model
Deliverables
*3D Snapshots
*4D Snapshots
*Checklists (Gantt Chart, Bill of
Materials
*Interactive 3D (Area)
*Playable 4D (Constructability)
*Database of historic performance based on online
checklist reporting and conformance to objectives.
Additional Model
Analysis
None
*Rentable Area (3D Model)
*POP/MACDADI to compare design options.
*SimVision will model/predict the benefits or
disadvantages of an interactive virtual manual.
- Less/More Process Risk?
- Less/More Actor Backlog?
- Less/More Hidden Work?
- Less/More Schedule Conformance?
Objectives
Design Response Assessment: We are giving our sponsor
exactly what he wants, but are also providing him with a
more VDC-like design alternative.
CEE 211 Final Presentation
Sponsor
March 10, 2011
1.5 Sponsor & Team Objectives
6
Explanation of Design Response: The baseline design option (the paper manual) conforms exactly to sponsor objectives.
However, the alternative design option (the virtual manual) does not conform at all to sponsor objectives as the sponsor
directly stated that all he wanted was the paper construction manual.
conduct other business and allows the ontime half of the concrete crew to start the
job on time.
CEE 211 Final Presentation
Task: Install Slab on Grade
Task: Install Slab on Grade
Using: Paper Construction Manual
Using: Virtual Construction Manual
• 6:00 am: Superintendent shows up to the • 6:00 am: Superintendent shows up to the
1078 site in the morning that the slab on
1078 site in the morning that the slab on
grade is to be installed.
grade is to be installed
• 6:30 am: Half of the concrete crew with
• 6:30 am: Half of the concrete crew shows
the cement trucks show up on time, the
concrete sub is late
up on time, the concrete sub is late
• Crew has no study of the site prior to
• Crew has no study of the site prior to
arrival
arrival
• 6:45 am: Superintendent has one set of a • 6:45 am: Superintendent tells the concrete
paper construction manual that he uses
crew to download the 1078 construction
and there may be another copy lying
manual application so that they can begin
around
work
• 6:50 am: Superintendent goes to look for
the other paper construction manual in
• 7:00 am: Concrete crew views the virtual
the on-site office
construction manual on their phones
• 6:50-8:30 am: Superintendent gets caught • 7:20 am: Concrete crew begins their work
up in the office with a call from another
subcontractor
• 8:30 am: Superintendent begins looking
Virtual Manual allows Superintendent to
for the other paper manual
March 10, 2011
Paper vs. Virtual Manual – Scenario
7
Paper Manual
Tools/Equiptment List
Day by Day Schedule
Day by Day Task
Breakdown
Materials, Actors,Tools
List per Task
BIM Images
Corresponding to Day
by Day Tasks
Task Quality Check
Lists
4D Images
Corresponding to Day
by Day Tasks
CEE 211 Final Presentation
Introduction/Overview
Gantt Chart
Materials List
March 10, 2011
Functional
Requirement
8
1.7 Alternative Design Option POP Model
Scope
Web/App Manual
Web/App Manual
Web/App Manual
Web/App Manual
Web/App Manual
Relationship
include
include
include
include
include
Product
Web/App Manual
include
Product
Web/App Manual
include
Product
Web/App Manual
include
Product
Web/App Manual
include
Product
Web/App Manual
Functional Requirement
Introduction/Overview
Gantt Chart
Materials List
Tools/Equiptment List
Day by Day Schedule
Product Form (Space,
System)
Introduction/Overview
Gantt Chart
Materials List
Tools/Equiptment List
Day by Day Schedule
Day by Day Task Breakdown Day by Day Task Breakdown
include
Materials,Actors,Tools List
per Task
Interactive 3D Images
Database of Historic
Performance Based off
Checklists
Playable 4D Model
Materials,Actors,Tools List
per Task
Interactive 3D Images
Database of Historic
Performance Based off
Checklists
Playable 4D Model
Scope
Actors
Actors
Actors
Actors
Actors
Actors
Actors
Relationship
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
Functional Requirement
Optima
General Contractor
Advisor
Advisor
CEE 211 Team
Superintedent
Web/App Developer
Organization Form (Actor)
Optima
General Contractor
J. Kunz
Henning
CEE 211 Team
Superintedent
Web/App Developer
Scope
Conceptual Design
Approval
Final Design
Approval
Production
Use in Field
Input Data
Actor
Actor
Actor
Actor
Actor
Actor
Actor
Team
Optima
Web/App Developer
Optima
Web/App Developer
GC
All End Users
Conceptual Design
Approval
Final Design
Approval
Production
Use in Field
Input Data
3 Product Changes in the
Alternative Design Option
POP Model will allow for
a virtually interactive
construction manual—
unlike the Baseline Model
Organization
Organization
Organization
Organization
Organization
Organization
Organization
Organization
Organization
Process
Process
Process
Process
Process
Process
Process
Process
Process
2 Additional Actors will
allow for a useful, usable,
and accessible design of
an web/app construction
manual
@ Additional Tasks will be
performed by the Web/App
developer: Final Design &
Production of the Web/App
Construction Manual
CEE 211 Final Presentation
Product
Product
Product
Product
Product
Product
March 10, 2011
Product
9
POP
SimVision
3D
4D
Construction Manual
Checklists
Schedule
CEE 211 Final Presentation
www.1078house.com
March 10, 2011
Virtual Manual (The Webpage)
10
Combine and conquer!
CEE 211 Final Presentation
March 10, 2011
Checklist, Report, and Support
11
Virtual Manual – Data Collection
CEE 211 Final Presentation
March 10, 2011
• Collect actual duration data from virtual field reports.
12
Virtual Manual – Data Visualization
CEE 211 Final Presentation
March 10, 2011
• Analyze actual duration data from virtual field reports.
13
= Expected Duration
= Acceptable Duration
Virtual Manual – Data Analysis
CEE 211 Final Presentation
March 10, 2011
• Analyze actual duration data from virtual field reports.
14
= Expected Duration
= Acceptable Duration
Virtual Manual – React to Data
3
Learn from
Improve Process
CEE 211 Final Presentation
1
March 10, 2011
• React to actual duration data from virtual field reports.
1
Learn from
15
2
Update manual
Virtual Manual
Risk: 1%
CEE 211 Final Presentation
Paper Manual
Risk: 5%
March 10, 2011
SimVision Model - Assumptions
16
Virtual Manual - Assumptions
Data collection and analysis.
Highly updatable.
High quality of information (actual 3D and 4D models)
Ease of access to the manual (assuming builders have iPhones or
iPads or that one is provided to them for the job)
• The benefits listed above lead us to the following assumption:
• Functional probability risk in the SimVision model will be reduced
by the use of the virtual manual.
• Functional Error Probability with paper manual: 5%
• Functional Error Probability with virtual manual: 1%
• The following slides compare the results of 5 different
analyses based on the assumption above.
CEE 211 Final Presentation
•
•
•
•
March 10, 2011
• Considering the following benefits from the virtual manual:
17
1.5cont.) 1st Predicted Behavior: Process Risk
Higher Functional
Error Probability =
Higher Process Risk
We made an assumption that using the paper
manual will result in more rework (5% functional
error probability) because the paper manual does
not have a historic checklist database which
would allow the GC & the superintendent to
avoid potential problems and would, possibly,
offer guidance to solve them if they cannot be
avoided.
We made an assumption that using the
virtual manual will result in less rework (1%
functional error probability) because the
virtual manual historic checklist database will
allow the GC & superintendent to avoid
potential problems and will, possibly, offer
guidance to solve them if they cannot be
avoided.
CEE 211 Final Presentation
March 10, 2011
Decision Dashboard in SimVision models the Functional Error
Probability: The likelihood that a task will fail and will require rework
18
1.5cont.) 2nd Predicted Behavior: Schedule Conformance
Gantt Chart shows
a 4 day shorter
schedule (30%
shorter) for the
virtual manual.
CEE 211 Final Presentation
Virtual Manual
March 10, 2011
Paper Based Manual
19
1.5cont.) 3rd Predicted Behavior: Hidden Work
Paper Manual
Decision Wait
March 10, 2011
Coordination
CEE 211 Final Presentation
Rework
Virtual Manual
Hidden Work is greatly
reduced by using the
virtual manual over the
paper manual
20
1.5 cont.) 4th Predicted Behavior: Actor Backlog Latency
Backlog with the Virtual Manual
CEE 211 Final Presentation
Max Backlog is the
same (0.4days) in
the use of the paper
manual or the virtual
manual
March 10, 2011
Backlog with Paper Manual
21
1.5 Five Predicted Project Behaviors
CEE 211 Final Presentation
Rentable Area (same for paper & virtual manual) –
Modeled in Revit
March 10, 2011
5th Predicted Behavior: Rentable Area
Square footage modeled
in Revit is about equal to
1078ft2.
Carport square
footage is not
included in the
1078 ft2 count
22
Baseline
Alternative
Required
Baseline
Alternative
Based on the
MACDADI, the Design
Alternative is a better
option. As the baseline
design fails in two of
the most weighted
objectives
CEE 211 Final Presentation
March 10, 2011
9. MACDADI - (Goodness)
23
1.3 Value Proposition
No paper!
Accessible on mobile devices and big screens during meetings.
Access to fully operable 3D and 4D models (not just snapshots.)
Reviews from the one day building course.
Online checklist field reporting and data base creation.
Highly adaptable and updatable without major costs.
• In sum, our VDC approach allows us to make very EXPLICIT
ASSUMPTIONS and model-based PREDICTIONS that can help
the client to visualize, analyze, interpret, and evaluate the
differences between the paper and the virtual manual. All this
to allow the client to make a better informed decision about
the future of the construction manual.
CEE 211 Final Presentation
•
•
•
•
•
•
March 10, 2011
• Our proposed virtual manual provides the owner with
multiple benefits over the paper based manual, including:
24
8. PIP – Process and Assumptions
Area, Cost
Assumptions
•The analyses will be useful to Optima, though not requested
•Predictions based directly from models provided by Optima are
highly accurate
•Predictions from SimVision are useable for course-level analyses,
though based off of higher level of detail models
CEE 211 Final Presentation
March 10, 2011
Backlog, Risk, Conformance
25
12. VDC Modeling Recommendations
3D
• Generate a 3D model that conforms to the product to be built using the virtual construction manual
(1078 house.)
• Generate a detailed schedule comprising of tasks, durations, and dependencies for the product to be
built using the virtual construction manual (1078 house.)
Schedule
4D
• Generate a 4D model using the 3D model and schedule.
March 10, 2011
Breakdown
Structures
• Break down your product, organization, and process.
• Keep structures at the appropriate level of detail (match detail in POP model)
CEE 211 Final Presentation
POP
• Define scope and determine 10 most important product, organization, process elements.
• Define POP behavior objectives
• Model organization and process based on the requirements for the product to be built using the virtual
SimVision construction manual. Assign responsible actors, rework and coordination links, and risk level.
• Incorporate POP, breakdown structures, 3D, schedule, 4D, and SimVision information into online
Virtual
manual. Generate checklists to check conformance to objectives. Build data base and improve process.
Manual
26
Functional
Requirement
Introduction/Overvie
w
Gantt Chart
Materials List
Tools/Equiptment
List
Day by Day
Schedule
Day by Day Task
Breakdown
Materials,Actors,Too
ls List per Task
BIM Images
Corresponding to
Day by Day Tasks
Task Quality Check
Lists
4D Images
Corresponding to
Day by Day Tasks
Product Cost
(K$)
Evaluated
goodness
V1
157948
145
V2
157948
230
Required
160,000
200
Responsible Actor
CEE 211
Team/Advisors
Optima
CEE 211 Team
Optima
Optima
Optima
GC
Goodness of baseline
paper model (V1)
determined by model
based analyses and
provided information
(cost and rentable
space).
Process Form (Task
Action: Object)
Conceptual Design
Approval
Final Design
Approval
Production
Distribution
Use in Field
Functional
Organization Form
Requirement
(Actor)
Optima
Optima
General Contractor General Contractor
Advisor
J. Kunz
Advisor
Henning
CEE 211 Team
CEE 211 Team
Process and
organization
necessary for
development of
baseline paper
manual
CEE 211 Final Presentation
Product elements for
paper construction
manual requested by
Optima
March 10, 2011
1.2 Case Example
27
CEE 211 Final Presentation
• Project Objectives: Provide a construction manual to help
achieve the strict schedule goals set for the 1078 house.
• Proposed VDC Approach: Provide a virtual construction
manual to aid in the construction process.
• Site Plan: The house should be buildable anywhere in the US.
• Alternative Solution: As discussed before, the virtual manual
provides many advantages over a paper-based manual.
• Current State of the Art: Usually there are no construction
manuals, and those that exist are paper based.
• Scope of the Problem: The reductions in risk resulting from
the benefits of the virtual manual are modeled in SimVision.
• Constraints on Solutions: Contractors must have access to
mobile devices with internet access and commit to submit
their field reports.
March 10, 2011
1.4 Background
28
CEE 211 Final Presentation
• Deliverables: SimVision model and analysis, virtual manual
(website), POP model, 3D and 4D models, paper manual
• Content: the POP model contains the breakdowns of the most
important items (each about 10% of the project) for the
Product, Organization, and Process.
• Predicted Behaviors: the Virtual Manual will provide the client
the tools necessary to achieve the project quality and
schedule goals.
• Required Hardware and Software: Computer, internet domain
and hosting, internet access, SimVision, Revit, Navisworks, MS
Project
• Exclusions and non-aims: It was not our intent to deliver a
complete and highly detailed paper construction manual.
• Next steps: finalize details on virtual manual and implement it
in the construction of many 1078 houses.
March 10, 2011
1.6 Specific Aims
29
Process Form (Task
Action: Object)
Conceptual Design
Approval
Final Design
Approval
Production
Distribution
Use in Field
Due to the product not being a building, POP field use is not useful
to Optima. Instead the model is useful in the design of the
construction manual, as it allows for Optima to set important
product elements and choose the process and organization for the
manual design.
CEE 211 Final Presentation
Responsible Actor
CEE 211
Team/Advisors
Optima
CEE 211 Team
Optima
Optima
Optima
GC
March 10, 2011
1.7 Process and Organization (Baseline)
30
Introduction/Overview
Gantt Chart
Materials List
Tools/Equiptment List
Day by Day Schedule
Day by Day Task
Breakdown
Materials,Actors,Tools
List per Task
BIM Images
Corresponding to Day
by Day Tasks
Task Quality Check
Lists
4D Images
Corresponding to Day
by Day Tasks
Product Break Down Structure of Baseline Design Option
(supports detailed scheduling analysis)
PL1: 1078 House
PL2: Paper Construction Manual
PL3: Introduction/Overview
PL3: Gantt Chart
PL3: Materials List
PL3: Tools/Equipment List
PL3: Day by Day Schedule
PL3: Day by Day Task Breakdown
PL3: Materials, Actors, Tools List Per Task
PL3: 3D BIM Images Corresponding to Day by Day Tasks
PL3: Task Quality Checklists
PL3: 4D Images Corresponding to Day by Day Tasks
Product
Product Break Down Structure of Alternative Design Option
Introduction/Overview
Gantt Chart
Materials List
Tools/Equiptment List
Day by Day Schedule
Day by Day Task Breakdown
Materials,Actors,Tools List
per Task
Interactive 3D Images
Database of Historic
Performance Based off
Checklists
Playable 4D Model
(supports detailed scheduling analysis)
PL1: 1078 House
PL2: Web/App Construction Manual
PL3: Introduction/Overview
PL3: Gantt Chart
PL3: Materials List
PL3: Tools/Equipment List
PL3: Day by Day Schedule
PL3: Day by Day Task Breakdown
PL3: Materials, Actors, Tools List Per Task
PL3: Interactive 3D Images
PL3: Database of Historic Performance Based off Checklists
PL3: Playable 4D Model
March 10, 2011
Product
POP Model Correlation
Differences between the Baseline and
Alternative Design Option Product
Breakdown Structures
CEE 211 Final Presentation
2. PBS Analysis
31
2. OBS Analysis
Differences between the Baseline and
Alternative Design Option Product
Breakdown Structures
Optima
General Contractor
Advisor
Advisor
CEE 211 Team
Superintedent
Web/App Developer
Organization Breakdown Structure of Alternative Design Option
(supports organizational analysis)
OL1: Sponsor, Optima
OL2: Advisor, J. Kunz
OL2: Advisor, Henning
OL3: CEE 211 Team
OL4: Web/App Developer
OL5: General Contractor
OL5: Superintendent
March 10, 2011
Optima
General Contractor
J. Kunz
Henning
CEE 211 Team
Organization Breakdown Structure of Baseline Design Option
(supports organizational analysis)
OL1: Sponsor, Optima
OL2: Advisor, J. Kunz
OL2: Advisor, Henning
OL3: CEE 211 Team
OL4: General Contractor
CEE 211 Final Presentation
Organization
Organization
POP Model Correlation
32
2. WBS Analysis
Differences between the Baseline and
Alternative Design Option Product
Breakdown Structures
Conceptual Design
Approval
Final Design
Approval
Production
Distribution
Use in Field
Conceptual Design
Approval
Final Design
Approval
Production
Use in Field
Input Data
Work Breakdown Structure
WL1: Create Web/App Construction Manual
WL2: Conceptual Design of Web/App Construction Manual
WL3: Approval of Conceptual Design
WL2: Final Design of Web/App Construction Manual
WL1: Production of Web/App Construction Manual
WL2: Use of Construction Manual in Field
WL3: Interact with Web/App Construction Manual
CEE 211 Final Presentation
Process
Process
Work Breakdown Structure
WL1: Create Paper Construction Manual
WL2: Conceptual Design of Paper Construction Manual
WL3: Approval of Conceptual Design
WL2: Final Design of Paper Construction Manual
WL1: Production of Paper Construction Manual
WL2: Distribution of Construction Manual
WL2: Use of Construction Manual in Field
March 10, 2011
POP Model Correlation
33
3. Coordination and Rework
CEE 211 Final Presentation
March 10, 2011
• Rework links were added to the SimVision model where task
dependencies where evident to us. An example is shown below.
Potential time-space interference between the curing of
the slab and the erection of the steel columns (since the
construction method/order will be no different with a
paper or web/app construction manual this applies to
both the baseline and the alternative model).
34
Coordination and Rework Links
Paper Based Manual
Virtual Manual
Gantt Chart shows a
4day delay using the
paper-based manual.
This is a 30% delay
on schedule!
CEE 211 Final Presentation
• Given that the construction method is already optimized we decided to
analyze how hidden work resulting from project risks delay the schedule.
We assumed that the use of the virtual manual can reduce the functional
risk to 0.01 as compared to 0.05 in the paper-based manual model. The
results of the assumption are shown below.
March 10, 2011
7. Compressing Schedule
35
10. MACDADI - (Predictions and Believability)
Web/App
Rentable Area
1078 sq ft
1078 sq ft
Actor Backlog
0.4 days
0.4 days
Product Risk
34%
12%
Process Risk
77%
33%
Hidden Work
13 days
2 days
Schedule Conformance
69%
92%
Cost Conformance
85%
95%
Product Conformance
66%
88%
Believability of Predicted Behaviors
•Rentable Area and Cost are based off of the BIM model, which
were detailed and provided by Optima
•Backlog and Hidden Work values come from SimVision and are
based directly off of Optima’s detailed schedule provided to us
•Product Risk and Process Risk for the baseline are based
directly off of provided information from Optima and for the
Alternative, assumptions were made to determine the change in
risk factor
•All Conformance behaviors are based off of SimVision analyses
March 10, 2011
Paper
CEE 211 Final Presentation
Predicted Behaviors
36
Goodness
Virtual
Low initial.
High long term.
High initial.
Low long term.
145
230
CEE 211 Final Presentation
Cost
Paper
Relative Goodness
250
200
150
100
50
0
March 10, 2011
Business Decision
Baseline
Alternative
Required
37
CEE 211 Final Presentation
March 10, 2011
11. Business Recommendations to Client
38
14. ORID
• R(+):
• The virtual manual is live and fun to use.
• R(-):
• Communication with sponsor was difficult because the sponsor’s
and the class’s objective were very different.
• I:
CEE 211 Final Presentation
• David Hovey Jr. wants a paper construction manual for the 1078
house.
• We will provide David with a virtual construction manual.
March 10, 2011
• O:
• Virtual manual uses VDC methods to provide an opportunity to
help achieve the sponsor’s business objectives.
• D:
• Propose David to at least consider the use of a virtual manual.
39
14. Comments
• Lesson:
• It is very important to align the objectives between the sponsor
and the class. Given that we were unsuccessful at doing this it
was very important for us to make some assumptions and made
the best out of it.
• Confusing:
• Why a construction manual?
• It would have been really nice if the sponsor’s objectives were
more aligned with the class from the onset.
CEE 211 Final Presentation
• A lot, we did not measure the time we spent in the project. A
guess is that at least 50 hours.
March 10, 2011
• Time:
40