REVIEW SHEET – CHAPTERS 1 & 2 – EARLY EUROPEAN COLONIZATION
Major Themes/Concepts
-There were many different Pre-Columbian Native American societies; their cultures were
influenced by geography.
- Europeans competed to discover and claim land in the New World.
-Early English attempts at colonization struggled.
-Even in the New World there were tensions over social class and racial differences.
-People moved to America for a variety of reasons.
Key Terms
conquistadores
encomienda
joint-stock company
indentured servants
Great Migration
colony
Jamestown, Virginia
tobacco
Puritans
religious toleration
Important People
Christopher Columbus
John Smith
Powhatan
William Berkeley
Anne Hutchinson
Hernan Cortes
John Rolfe
Nathaniel Bacon
Samuel de Champlain
Metacom
Important Events
Columbian Exchange
King Philip’s War
Bacon’s Rebellion
REVIEW SHEET – CHAPTER 3 – COLONIAL SOCIETIES
Major Themes/Concepts
-How England ruled her colonies in America
-The importance of hard work for colonists
-Distinctions in colonial society
-The impact of African slavery in the colonies
-The influence of the Great Awakening
Key Terms
mercantilism
gentry
cousinocracy
triangular trade
salutary neglect
balance of trade
Middle Passage
Important People
Ben Franklin
Jonathan Edwards
George Whitefield
King Charles I
Olaudah Equiano
Important Events
The Great Awakening
REVIEW SHEET – CHAPTER 4 – THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION
Major Themes/Concepts
-The impact of the French and Indian War on the colonies and its connection to the American
Revolution
-The building tensions between the colonists and the British government which led to the
Revolution
-The influence of Enlightenment ideas on the American Revolution
-The major battles of the American Revolution
-The lasting results of the American Revolution
Key Terms
Minutemen
Sons of Liberty
social contract
Tories
militia
natural rights
popular sovereignty
Loyalists
boycott
mercenary
Hessians
casualty
Important People
Ben Franklin
George Washington
Thomas Jefferson
Patrick Henry
Abigail Adams
Baron von Steuben
General Cornwallis
King George III
Thomas Paine
General Braddock
Crispus Attucks
Marquis de Lafayette
General Gage
General John Burgoyne
General Gates
General Rochambeau
Important Events
Treaty of Paris (1763)
Pontiac’s Rebellion
Stamp Act
Intolerable Acts
Boston Massacre
Treaty of Paris (1783)
Battle of Saratoga
fall of Quebec
Proclamation of 1763
Boston Tea Party
Townshend Acts
Declaration of Independence
Battle of Bunker Hill
Battle of Yorktown
REVIEW SHEET – CHAPTER 5 – THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION AND THE CONSTITUTION
Major Themes/Topics
-The first US government under the Articles of Confederation was a weak central government
-The Constitutional Convention included many debates and compromises, including one over
representation in the legislature.
-There was a big debate over whether or not to ratify the Constitution.
-The first government under the new Constitution set examples for the future.
Key Terms
Articles of Confederation
executive branch
bicameral
Nationalists
Virginia Plan
veto
separation of powers
electoral college
Anti-Federalists
faction
cabinet
legislative branch
judicial branch
unicameral
veto
New Jersey Plan
Three-Fifths compromise
checks and balances
Federalists
Bill of Rights
ratify
Washington, DC
Important People
George Washington
James Madison
John Jay
Daniel Shays
Alexander Hamilton
Thomas Jefferson
Important Events
Shays’ Rebellion
The Critical Period
Constitutional Convention
publication of The Federalist Papers
REVIEW SHEET – CHAPTER 6 – THE EARLY REPUBLIC
Major Themes/Topics
-Issues of George Washington’s presidency
-development of the first political parties—Federalists vs. Jeffersonian-Republicans
-the democratic change of power
-Jefferson’s beliefs and policies
-Native American strategies for dealing with the United States
-causes and effects of the War of 1812
-growing sectionalism
Key Terms
neutrality
excise tax
judicial review
nullification
midnight judges
assimilation
Important People
George Washington
Alexander Hamilton
John Marshall
Handsome Lake
Tenskwatawa
Andrew Jackson
Thomas Jefferson
John Adams
Little Turtle
Tecumseh
James Madison
James Madison
Important Events
Whiskey Rebellion
Alien and Sedition Acts
XYZ Affair
Embargo Act
Neutrality Act
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
Marbury vs. Madison
Louisiana Purchase
Battle of Tippecanoe
Battle of New Orleans
Treaty of Ghent
Missouri Compromise
War of 1812
Hartford Convention
Panic of 1819
Review Sheet – The Early Industrial Revolution – Ch. 7, Sections 1-2 and Ch. 8, Sections 1-3
Main Ideas:
-Americans’ westward migration and the impact on Native American people
-the early Industrial Revolution brought new inventions
-More and more people worked for wages to purchase manufactured goods.
-Banks and credit became increasingly important.
-The US was clearly divided into sections with different economic interests—Northeast, Northwest,
South.
-The South’s economy was built on the institution of slavery.
Key Terms
migration
Wilderness Road
Erie Canal
factories
sectionalism
Market revolution
entrepreneur
King Cotton
Trans-Appalachia
black codes
interchangeable parts
mills
capitalism
commodity
strikes
Important People
Samuel Slater
Robert Fulton
Denmark Vesey
Eli Whitney
Nat Turner
Important Events
Adams-Onis Treaty
Slave rebellions
Industrial Revolution
Review Sheet – Chapter 8, Sections 4 & 5 –
The Age of Jackson
Major Themes/Concepts
-a new two-party political system developed in the 1820s and 30s with the National Republicans and
later the Whigs versus the Jacksonian Democrats
-President Andrew Jackson emerged as a strong leader
-the Age of Jackson became associated with an increase in political participation
Key Terms
American System
National Republicans
Whigs
Jacksonian Democrats
spoils system
patronage
nullification
secede
Kitchen Cabinet
Important People
James Monroe
John Quincy Adams
Henry Clay
Andrew Jackson
John C. Calhoun
John Marshall
William Henry Harrison
John Tyler
Martin Van Buren
Important Events
McCulloch v. Maryland
Election of 1824
Election of 1828
Maysville Road veto
Panic of 1837
Indian Removal Act
Tariff of Abominations
Worcester v. Georgia
Trail of Tears
Review Sheet: Chapter 7, Section 4 and Chapter 9 – Religion and Reform
Main Ideas
-Middle-class Americans in the 1800s, concerned about a variety of social problems, worked together to
improve life in the U.S.
-The religious revival of the Second Great Awakening influenced reform movements
-Despite divisions, the anti-slavery movement grew in the 1800s
-Women played an important role in reform efforts
-Reform movements highlighted growing sectional differences between the North and South
Key Terms
Transcendentalism
Prohibition
Utopian communities
Emancipation
Gag rule
Suffrage
Immigrants
evangelical
temperance
McGuffey’s Readers
abolition
Liberty Party
underground railroad
cult of domesticity
denominations
Important People
Lyman Beecher
Henry David Thoreau
Horace Mann
Robert Owen
Frederick Douglass
Harriet Tubman
Catherine Beecher
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Samuel Morse
Richard Allen
Charles Grandison Finney
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Dorothea Dix
William Lloyd Garrison
David Walker
Elijah Lovejoy
Lucretia Mott
Sojourner Truth
Joseph Smith and the Mormons
Important Events
Second Great Awakening
Seneca Falls Convention
Review Sheet – Chapter 10 – Manifest Destiny
Main Ideas
-The horse had a major impact on Native American societies of the Great Plains.
-Spain first established colonies in the southwest region of the modern U.S.
-American immigrants who settled in Texas fought for their independence against Mexico
-In the 1800s Americans began expanding westward and established trails across North America.
-The annexation of Texas helped lead the U.S. into a war with Mexico.
-The U.S. continued to increase in size, but tensions over slavery also continued to grow.
Key Terms
Nomads
Missions
Continental Divide
Lone Star Republic
Oregon Trail
Willamette Valley
Mormons
Important People
Pawnee
Sioux
William Travis
Davy Crockett
John C. Fremont
Zachary Taylor
Joseph Smith
Important Events
The Alamo
Battle of San Jacinto
Wilmot Proviso
Gadsden Purchase
California Gold Rush
mountain man
manifest destiny
Mandan
Stephen Austin
Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
Sam Houston
Winfield Scott
James K. Polk
Brigham Young
Goliad Massacre
Mexican War
Bear Flag Revolt
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Review Sheet – Chapter 11 – The Road to the Civil War
Main Ideas
-In the 1850s there was increasing sectionalism between the North and the South; some felt war was
inevitable.
-Congress attempted to compromise over slavery, but these efforts ultimately failed.
-New political parties arose.
-Violent clashes occurred between proslavery forces and abolitionists.
-The election of 1860 led the country even closer to war.
Key Terms
Nativism
Secession
Lower south
Important People
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Know-Nothings
Stephen Douglas
John Brown
Roger Taney
John C. Breckinridge
Constitutional Union
Important Events
Compromise of 1850
Kansas-Nebraska Act
states’ rights
Border States
Confederate States of America
John C. Calhoun
Republicans
Abe Lincoln
Charles Sumner
Dred Scott
William Seward
Fugitive Slave Act
Dred Scott case
Panic of 1857
Bleeding Kansas
Election of 1860
raid on Harpers Ferry
Lecompton Constitution
Review Sheet – Chapter 12 – The Civil War
Main Ideas
-In the early Civil War, both the North and South resisted attempts to invade their territory; each side
developed strategies to win the war.
-During the war, government s became more powerful in both the north and the south.
-People struggled during wartime.
-The summer of 1863 brought turning points in the war.
-Northern armies gradually wear down the south.
Key Terms
War of attrition
gunboat
draft
greenback
Copperhead
total war
Anaconda Plan
Peninsular Campaign
writ of habeas corpus
contraband
siege
Important People
Ulysses S. Grant
George McClellan
Robert E. Lee
George G. Meade
Stonewall Jackson
Abraham Lincoln
William T. Sherman
John Wilkes Booth
Important Events
Battle of Manassas
Battle of Antietam
Ft. Wagner
Battle of Vicksburg
Battle of Gettysburg
Appomattox
Battle of Shiloh
Internal Revenue Act of 1862
Emancipation Proclamation
Pickett’s Charge
Gettysburg Address
Sherman’s March to the Sea
Review Sheet – Chapter 13 – Reconstruction
Main Ideas
-Enslaved African-Americans received their freedom, but still faced a variety of challenges.
-Both the President and Congress came up with plans to carry out Reconstruction.
-The Reconstruction brought major changes to the South, but initial successes were followed by a
backlash of violence.
Key Terms
Reconstruction
Freedmen’s Bureau
impeach
freedmen
pardon
scalawags
carpetbaggers
tenant farming
sharecropper
debt peonage
Important People
Andrew Johnson
Edwin Stanton
Radical Republicans
Rutherford B. Hayes
Important Events
13th Amendment
15th Amendment
Wade-Davis Bill
14th Amendment
Military Reconstruction Act