DIFFERENT SECTORS OF
THE ECONOMY
UNIT 07
READING – THE THREE SECTORS
OF THE ECONOMY, RB p 20

What is the purpose of different sectors of
the economy?

Read the text and find out.

Then complete the notes that follow.
THE PURPOSE
 PRIMARY SECTOR (e.g. m_________, a_________,
f_________, f_________ and q _________) involves
e_________ natural r_________, i.e. r_________
materials which are used in the m_________ process.
 SECONDARY SECTOR (e.g. m________ and
c_________) involves t________ raw materials into
p_________-finished or f________ products.
 TERTIARY SECTOR (e.g. t_________, t_________,
c_________ b_________, i_________, a_________,
r_________ etc.) involves the commercial s_________
that help industry produce and distribute goods to the
final consumer and direct services such as t_________
and h_________ care.
THE PURPOSE
 PRIMARY SECTOR (e.g. mining, agriculture,
forestry, fishing and quarrying) involves extracting
natural resources, i.e. raw materials which are
used in the manufacturing process.
 SECONDARY SECTOR (e.g. manufacturing and
construction) involves turning raw materials into
partly-finished or finished products.
 TERTIARY SECTOR (e.g. tourism, trade, commerce,
banking, insurance, advertising, retailing etc.) involves
the commercial services that help industry produce
and distribute goods to the final consumer and direct
services such as teaching and health care.
QUATERNARY SECTOR

providing i_________ and k_________-based
services

ICT (i________ and c________ technologies)

consultancy (offering a________ to businesses)

R&D (r________ and d________, especially in
scientific fields)

broader definitions: news and m________, libraries,
u________ and c________ (higher education), and
other intellectual services including c________
generally
QUATERNARY SECTOR

providing information and knowledge-based
services

ICT (information and communication technologies)

consultancy (offering advice to businesses)

R&D (research and development, especially in
scientific fields)

broader definitions: news and media, libraries,
universities and colleges (higher education), and
other intellectual services including culture
generally
QUATERNARY
SECTOR
information and
knowledge-based services
TERTIARY SECTOR
provision of services to
consumers and businesses
SECONDARY SECTOR
transformation of the raw
materials into goods
PRIMARY SECTOR
extraction of raw materials
WHAT’ S THE DIFFERENCE...?

BUSINESS

COMPANY

INDUSTRY

RESOURCE
ALLOCATION

FIRM

(noun) a business or partnership

(noun) an organization that makes or
sells goods and services in order to
make a profit.

1 (uncountable noun) the production,
buying and selling goods and services
for profit
2 (countable noun) a person or
organization that produces and sells
goods or services
WHAT’ S THE
DIFFERENCE...?
 (noun phrase) the way that the

BUSINESS

COMPANY

INDUSTRY

RESOURCE
ALLOCATION

FIRM
resources of a country, company, etc.
are used for different purposes, and
how this is decided.
 1 (uncountable noun) the production
of raw materials and goods
2 (countable noun) a business that
produces a particular type of thing or
provides a particular service, e.g.
pharmaceutical __________,
hotel___________
VOCABULARY – RB, p 22

V Match the definitions of companies with the
corresponding industries.

VI Classify the industries under the names of
the corresponding sectors of the economy.
OVER TO YOU...

Which sector do you intend to work in or do you
already work in?

How many people in the tertiary sector have you
already spoken to today (travelling to college or
work, shopping, eating, and so on)?

What about people in the other two sectors?

When did you last talk to someone who grew or
produced food, for example?
MANUFACTURING AND
SERVICES


200 YEARS AGO – the vast majority of virtually every country lived
in the countryside and worked in agriculture
TODAY – in ‘the advanced industrialized countries’, only 2-3% of
the population earn their living from agriculture
‘THE POST-INDUSTRIAL COUNTRIES’ – growth of service
industries and the decline of manufacturing, which is moving to
‘THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES’
 Is manufacturing industry important?


Is its decline in ‘the advanced countries’ inevitable?
Will services adequately replace it?
 Two opinions about this follow in the READING AND LISTENING
TASK - RB, p 15

EMPLOYMENT TRENDS
WRITING – SUMMARY – RB, p 23
After answering the questions in the Resource Bank,
let’s summarize Galbraith’s views:
J.K.GALBRAITH
 People worry about the decline of manufacturing in


the advanced industrial countries, because they
.......................................................……………………….
………………………………………………………… are activities
which are as important as the production of goods.
We shouldn’t worry about this because it is
....................................................
HOW ABOUT THIS OPPOSING VIEW? –
LISTENING – SENTENCE COMPLETION
DENIS MACSHANE





Manufacturing has a future because...............................
....................................................……………………...............
Manufacturing has a future in the advanced countries
because…………………………………………………, but it is not likely to
solve the problem of………………………
The USA is still one of the richest nations in the world because it
has a successful............................................., including
………………………..................................................................
GALBRAITH says that manufacturing industry will
inevitably……………………………………………………....................
MACSHANE says that manufacturing will..........................
……………..............................................................................
READING – WHERE DID ALL THE
JOBS GO? , RB, p 24
I Read the text and find out about the employment
trends globally. Take the following steps:
a) Read and underline the topic sentences.
b) Read the topic and the last sentences.
c) Read the whole text paragraph by paragraph.
READING – WHERE DID ALL THE
JOBS GO? , RB, p 24
II VOCABULARY - Find the words in the text that mean
the following:
PARAGRAPH 1
whole
production
job
PARAGRAPH 2
iron and carbon mix
the central part
stopped
PARAGRAPH 3
endangered
to arrange for somebody
outside a company to do
some work for the company
to move
a very small part
READING – WHERE DID ALL THE
JOBS GO? , RB, p 24
III Complete the notes on the text about
the trends in the three sectors of
the economy.
IV How do these views compare to Galbraith’s
and MacShane’s views?
SUMMARY AND PARAGRAPH
WRITING – MK, p 45
Read the statements about manufacturing and
services in advanced countries.
 Which of them are in support of manufacturing in
advanced countries, and which are in support of
services?
 Underline the key words and phrases.
 Then, write a paragraph (100-150 words)
summarizing in your own words arguments for and
against manufacturing and services in advanced
countries.

HOW DO THESE CARTOONS
COMMENT ON THE GROWING
TRENDS IN THE ECONOMIC
SECTORS?