National Disaster System & Laws in Pakistan
By
Nadeem Ahmed Abro
NDMA, 12th Oct’ 2011
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat
My Country
•
History
• Administrative Division
• 170 Million people
• Religion
•
97% Muslims, (77 % Sunni, 20% Shi'a), Others 3%
• Parliamentary Democracy
• Economy
•
•
US$1200 Per capita Income
GDP Size is approximately over US$165 Billion
2
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM IN PAKISTAN
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat
Pakistan’s Disaster
Context
Diverse topographical
features
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Pakistan’s Disaster
Context
 Climatic variations from tropical to temperate with
rainfall as little as less than 1˝ to over 150˝ a year
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Pakistan’s Disaster
Context
 Uneven population density
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Pakistan’s Disaster
Context
 Unplanned development in hazard prone areas
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Pakistan’s Disaster
Context
 Poverty feeds into vulnerability
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Pakistan’s Disaster
Context
 Pressure on national resources
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Hazards and Disaster
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Hazards in Pakistan
Natural
Human Induced
Droughts
Transport Accidents
Earthquakes
Oil Spills
Floods
Urban Fires
Tsunami
Internal Displacements
Avalanches
Industrial Accidents
Landslides
Cyclones/Storms
Glacial Lake Outbursts
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GENESIS OF DISASTER
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
IN PAKISTAN
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat
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Genesis of System
Calamity Act 1958 existed in Pakistan which was mainly
concerned with reactive emergency response
Emergency Relief Cell (ERC)
Relief Commissioner
Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA)
World Conference on Disaster Reduction (18 - 22 Jan 05,
Japan) adopted Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) 2005-2015
HFA
recognized
“Disaster
Risk
Management”
as
an
important element for achieving internationally agreed goals
Pakistan, along with 168 other nations, is a signatory to the
HFA
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Genesis of System
EQ 2005 - Incapacities of existing system came to fore
Reactive approach - Relief oriented
Lack of coordination and centralized control
Law not all encompassing
National Disaster Management Ordinance, promulgated
in Dec 2006, which was later on passed by the
Parliament as National Disaster Management Act-2010.
The NDMA is in the process of formulating the Disaster
Management Rules under the NDM Act, 2010.
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Institutionalize Structure
NDMC
PDMCs
NDMA
PDMAs
(NEOC)
NDRF
(PEOC)
NIDM
Stake Holders
DDMAs
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Stake Holders
Donors
Armed
Forces
PHF
UN / IOs
NDMA
Federal
Ministers
IFIs
Media
NHN
Provinces
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New System - Features
Paradigm shift (reactive to proactive approach)
One window operation
Centralized planning and decentralized execution
Disaster management - devolved subject
Directly responsible to political leadership
Ownership
Dedicated resources
Powerful law
Deals all four spectrums of disaster management
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Disaster Management Spectrum
Recovery & Rehabilitation
Response
DM
Spectrum
Reconstruction
Mitigation & Preparedness
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Functions and Responsibilities
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NDMA’s Mandate
To act as the implementing, coordinating and
monitoring body for disaster management
(Article 9 of NDM Act 2010)
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NDMA’s Mandate - Disaster Management
Managing the complete disaster
spectrum, including Preparedness;
Response; Recovery and
Rehabilitation; and Reconstruction
(Article 2.c of NDM Act 2010)
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat
Functions - NDMA
 Act
as the implementing, coordinating and monitoring
body for disaster management
 Implement,
coordinate and monitor the implementation
of the National policy
 Lay
down guidelines for preparing disaster management
plans by different Ministries or Departments and the
Provincial Authorities
 Provide
necessary technical assistance to Provinces for
preparing their disaster management plans
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Functions - NDMA
 Coordination
with
the
United
Nations
agencies,
international organizations and governments of foreign
countries
 Establish
institutions
for
research,
training,
and
developmental programmes in the field of disaster
management
 Extend
such support to other countries affected by major
disaster as it may deem appropriate
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Organization Structure
Staff Officer
Chairman
Strategic Plan Unit
Member
Disaster Risk Reduction
Member
Operations
Member
Support & Services
Disaster Risk Reduction-1
Response
Coordination and
Information Management
Disaster Risk Reduction-2
Recovery & Re-habitation
IT
Sectoral Specialists
Logistic
Admin & Procurement
Project Units
National Operation Center
Finance
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DM Organization Structure
NDMC
Line Ministries/
Division
Media
JSHQ
NDMA
(NEOC)
UN/ Donors
Humanitarian
Local
Representatives
Implementation
Partners
GHQ
NHQ
AHQ
PDMA/ FDMA
SDMA/GBDMA
ICT DMC
Corps (CDMC)
DDMA
Div (DDMC)
Line
Deptts Prime Minister’s Secretariat
National Disaster Management
Authority,
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Institutional Arrangements
Enactment of National Disaster Management Act 2010
which provide for following institutional arrangements
 Disaster Management Commissions at National (NDMC)
and Provincial/regional levels (PDMC)
 Disaster Management Authorities at National (NDMA),
Provincial/regional (PDMA) and District (DDMA) level
 National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM)
 National Disaster Management Fund (NDMF)
 National Disaster Response Force (NDRF)
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Institutional Arrangements
National Disaster Risk Management Framework (NDMRF)
 Developed
through
an
extensive
consultative
process involving all stakeholders and approved by
NDMC on 5 March, 2007
 Framework identified following NINE PRIORITY areas
for national capacity development
Institution and legal arrangements for DRM
Hazard and vulnerability assessment
Training, education and awareness
Disaster risk management planning
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Institutional Arrangements
Community and local level programming
Multi hazard early warning system
Mainstreaming DRR into development
Emergency response system
Capacity development for post disaster recovery
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Why DRR Important for Pakistan
5 Years
 Pakistan a disaster prone country – compounded by
frequency and nature of disaster
Since then:
•2 Cyclones
•2 Floods
•2 Earthquakes
•2 Land Slides
•1 Complex
Emergency
 Erosion of Economic Growth and Social Capital
 Unsustainable Development – Pakistan a developing
country with emphasis on infrastructure development
 Difficult to achieve Poverty Reduction Goals
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Why DRR Important for Pakistan
12
11
10
10
8
8
Count
7
6
6
5 5
5 5 5
4
4
4
4 4
3
3
4
3 3 3
2
2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2
1 1
2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2
1
2
1
1
1
0
Year
Source: Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED)
– Annual Disasters Statistical Review 2006, Brussels, May 2007
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National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat
Why DRR Important for Pakistan
Types of Disasters in Pakistan
50
22
10
15
Extreme
Temperature
Epidemic
Famine
Land Slides
Flood
1
1
4
Drought
12
Insect
Infestation
21
Earthquake
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Wind Storm
Frequency
1956 -2006
Source: Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED) – Annual Disasters Statistical
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Review 2006
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat
Progress Under New System of DM
National Risk Assessment

National hazard and risk assessment
 Being carried out - Will serve as key baseline
document
for
DRR
planning
at
the
national/provincial/local level
 Assessment expected to be completed by end 2012
 Pilot project of Hazard, Livelihood and Vulnerability
(HLV) baseline assessment completed in 10 districts
 EQ risk assessments completed in Muzaffarabad,
Mansehra, Murree, Quetta & Chitral. Exercise aimed at
integrating EQ vulnerability reduction into development
plans and schemes
 Risk assessment of Glacial Lake Outburst Flooding
(GLOF) completed in Gilgit district of Gilgit-Baltistan
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Progress Under New System of DM
Training, Education & Awareness

Specialized training courses organized on Flood/
EQ/Drought/Coastal
Hazards
Mitigation,
DRR
Mainstreaming and Disaster Risk Communication

Trainings for professionals for EQ resistant housing
conducted

Following knowledge products/
developed and disseminated
training
–
Guidelines for earthquake safer construction
–
Seismic retrofitting manual for buildings
–
Seismic hazard assessment
–
Disaster reporting manual
manuals
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat
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Progress Under New System of DM
Training, Education & Awareness
–
Earthquake mitigation manual
–
Drought mitigation manual
–
Flood mitigation manual
–
Cyclone mitigation manual
–
DRR mainstreaming manual
–
Disaster risk management manual
–
School safety material on DRM
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat
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Progress Under New System of DM
Promoting Disaster Risk Management Planning

Five Provincial/State, National Disaster Response Plan
and thirty District DRM plans prepared

Contingency plans developed:

–
Monsoon
–
Winter
–
Marine
–
Industrial and Chemical disasters
–
Cyclone
Draft
Tsunami
consultations
Contingency
Plan
ready
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat
for
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Progress Under New System of DM
Community & Local Level DRR Programming

Provision of technical human resource to all PDMAs and
DRM Coordinators to 29 most vulnerable DDMAs

Key CBDRM activities include
–
DRM network for disaster response formulated in 11
districts
–
Tsunami evacuation drills in
Balochistan and Sindh provinces
–
Draft action plan for school safety for Sindh and
Balochistan developed
–
Union council level DRM for pilot union councils
developed
costal
areas
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat
of
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Progress Under DRM
Multi-hazard Early warning System

Disease Early Warning System (DEWS) established in
48 districts

Tsunami early warning system established and tide
gauges installed; Training for seismic data collection
and tide gauge maintenance also imparted

Drought early warning system and mitigation projects
implemented in Tharparkar District

Indigenous knowledge based early warning indicators
for drought developed
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat
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Progress Under DRM
Mainstreaming DRR into Development

The initiative is currently on-going in following ten
ministries:
– Planning Commission of Pakistan
– Ministry of Housing and Works
– Ministry of Water and Power
– Ministry of Industries and Production
– Ministry of Defense
– Ministry of Communication
– Ministry of Environment (Devolved)
– Ministry of Food and Agriculture (Devolved)
– Ministry of Education (Devolved)
– Ministry of Health (Devolved)
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Progress Under DRM
Mainstreaming DRR into Development

A chapter on DRR by the Planning Commission of
Pakistan. The proposed chapter will be made part of
the five years development plan after consensus by
provincial authorities

Under this component, guidelines on DRR for
preparation of development project proposals
(Infrastructure, Social and Production Sectors) have
been prepared & circulated

Seismic concerns have been mainstreamed into the
curricula of Civil Engineering Diploma
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Progress Under DRM
Emergency Response System

US&R Team
 Three teams formed (CDA, City District Government
Karachi and Pak Army)
 Two are planned to be raised (Chitral and GB)

Programme for Enhancement of Emergency Response
(PEER), Phase III has been started

26 District Disaster Resource Centers (DDRCs) have
been established in most vulnerable districts

DRM
training
being
imparted
to
doctors
and
paramedical staff
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Progress Under DRM
Capacity Development for Post Disaster Recovery

Strategic Planning Unit (SPU) of NDMA currently
providing technical backstopping to all involved in
post-flood early recovery activities

SPU’s Sectoral experts have produced the following
documents

Pak Flood and Early Recovery Response Plan 2010

Sectoral strategies on Agriculture, Community
Restoration, WASH, Shelter, Education, Health and
Information Management and Monitoring

Early Recovery Strategic Framework and Gap
Analysis

Re-construction related outputs
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Bilateral/Regional Initiative



SAARC

Natural Disaster Rapid Response Mechanism
being devised

South Asian Disaster knowledge network (web
based portal)
China

Joint Pak-China Flood Management Mechanism

Cooperation in Disaster Management
Australia

Expansion of CBDRM programme

Support to NIDM
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Bilateral/Regional Initiative

Tripartite (Pakistan-Afghanistan-Turkey) cooperation in
disaster management

Cooperation with ADPC on DRM

UNISDR regional initiative on one million safer school

Expansion of CBDRM programme through World Bank

Capacity building programme through JICA

Cooperation with IFRC on mainstreaming
IDRL
guidelines through Rules under NDM Act, 2010.
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat
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Disaster Response
Floods 2007 - Sindh and Balochistan
Flash Floods 2008 - NWFP
Earthquake 2008 - Balochistan (Ziarat)
Food Crisis 2008
Land Slide 2010 - Attabad (Hunza, GB)
Avalanches 2010 - Kohistan
Kyrgyzstan Operation (Pak Students) - June 2010
Tropical Cyclone (Phat) 2010 - Balochistan and Sindh
Air Blue Crash July 2010
 Floods 2010
 Floods
2011 (in
progress)
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Management
Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat
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www.ndma.gov.pk
dddrrii@ndma.gov.pk
+92-3005012304
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat
QUESTIONS ?
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National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat
Hazards in Pakistan
Predictable
Un-Predictable
Floods
Earthquakes
Droughts
Avalanches
Tsunami
Landslides
Cyclones/Storms
Glacial Lake Outbursts
Accidents of all types
National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat
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Analysis of Natural Disasters in Pakistan (1987-2006)
S
#
Disaster
Type
People
Homeless
People People
Killed Injured
People
affected
Total
affected
Total
Damage
000$
%
Ran
king
1
Wind
Storm
22,597
11,654
1,183
1,057,000
1,080,780
4,100
2
6
2
Earthquake
2,853,585
142,812
88,096
1,294,429
4,236,110
5,019,255
8
2
3
Flood
8,927,685
11,702
1,262
38,669,447
47,598,394
2,746,030
86 1
4
Land
Slides
3,100
384
114
200
3,414
-
0
7
5
Famine
-
-
-
300,000
300,000
-
1
4
6
Epidemic -
283
211
16,275
16,486
-
0
5
7
Extreme
Temp
-
1,406
324
250
574
-
0
8
8
Drought
-
223
-
2,269,300
2,269,300
2,47,000
4
3
Total
11,806,967
168,464
91,190
43,606,901
55,505,058
8,016,385
Flood 2010
1,744,471
1,984
2,946
20,184,550
20,184,550
10,000,000
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