Chapter 1 Introducing Hardware You Will Learn… That a computer requires both hardware and software to work About the many different hardware components inside and connected to a computer How the CPU works and how it communicates with other devices Hardware Needs Software Primary Functions of Hardware Communication Between Hardware and Software Binary number system ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) Hexadecimal notation (hex) Binary Code ASCII PC Hardware Components Input/output Processing Storage Electrical supply Communication Elements Required for Hardware Devices to Operate Method for the CPU to communicate with the device Software to instruct and control the device Electricity to power the device Hardware Used for Input and Output Most resides outside computer case Communicates through a port or a wireless connection Port Connections for I/O Devices Most Popular Input Devices Most Popular Output Devices Hardware Inside the Computer Case Motherboard (CPU, memory) Permanent storage (floppy, hard, CD-ROM drives) Power supply Circuit boards Cables Inside the Computer Case The Motherboard Largest and most important circuit board Contains the CPU, with which all devices must communicate The Motherboard Ports Provided by Motherboard to Outside of Case Serial Parallel USB Game Keyboard Mouse Ports Provided by Motherboard to Outside of Case Major Components of Motherboards For processing • CPU (performs most actual data processing) • Chip set (supports CPU by controlling system board activities) For temporary storage • RAM continued… Major Components of Motherboards To allow CPU to communicate with other devices • Traces or wires • Expansion slots • System clock Electrical system • Power supply connections Programming and setup data • Flash ROM • CMOS setup chip The CPU The Chip Set Storage Devices Primary storage (temporary) • Temporarily holds data and instructions as CPU processes them Also called memory or RAM • Secondary storage (permanent) Primary and Secondary Storage Primary Storage RAM storage • SIMMs (single inline memory modules) • DIMMs (dual inline memory modules) • RIMMs (manufactured by Rambus) RAM Chips Types of RAM Modules How Much Memory Is Installed Secondary Storage Devices Hard disks Floppy disks Zip drives CD-ROMs DVDs Hard Drives Hard Drive Most use EIDE (Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics) technology, which can accommodate up to four IEDE devices on one system Hard Drive Hard Drive Hard Drive Hard Drive Floppy Drive Floppy Drive CD-ROM Drive Motherboard Components Used for Communication Among Devices Bus System clock Expansion slots • PCI: High-speed input/output devices • AGP: Video card • ISA: Older and/or slower devices Bus Lines Data Bus System Clock Synchronizes activity on the motherboard Controls pace of activity by sending continuous pulses over the bus that different components use System Clock Expansion Slots Expansion Slots Interface (Expansion) Cards Enable CPU to connect to external devices or to a network Determine function by looking at the end of the card that fits against back of computer case Expansion Cards Expansion Cards Identifying Expansion Cards The Electrical System Power supply (most important component) • Provides power for the computer • Receives 110-120 volts AC and converts it to lower DC voltage that the computer can handle • Runs a fan to help cool inside of computer case Power Supply Power Supply Power Supply Instructions and Data Stored on the Motherboard Provide rudimentary information about setup of computer Start computer Search for an OS Stored on special ROM chips: • By setting physical switches on the board (jumpers • and DIP switches) Using CMOS configuration chips ROM BIOS Chips Hybrid of hardware and software with embedded programming Called firmware ROM BIOS Chips ROM BIOS Chips CMOS Configuration Chips Jumpers DIP Switches Chapter Summary Hardware used for input and output Hardware inside the computer case The motherboard, CPU, and chip set Storage devices Motherboard components used for communication among devices continued… Chapter Summary Interface (expansion) cards The electrical system Instructions and data stored on the motherboard