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What Makes Us Canadian
By Joselle Anne Gonzales and Kailani Joy
Pagtakhan
Introduction
•
•
•
Everyone please flip to chapter 13 which is
the chapter we will be talking about.
Today we will be talking about what makes
us Canadian.
In this+chapter we will talk about Aboriginal
peoples, Canadian weather and how we live
in it, living on land, Protecting our
environment and the nature around us, and
many more.
+
Canada and other nations
•
By the 1950’s Canada has already fought in the 2 world wars.
•
Canada has signed the statue of Westminster and it had been in
Confederation for almost 90 years.
•
Canadians were starting to think of Canada of its own right, instead of
faraway Britain, but still we flew the British Flag above the House Of
Common in Ottawa.
•
The canadian children still sang “God save the Queen” in school.
•
Canada’s governor generals were all born in Britain.
•
The government still had to ask Britain to change its constitution.
•
Canadians were moving into the United States looking for success.
•
The Canadians were wondering is it was important to be different from
The United States, and Britain.
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The Massey Commission
•
In 1949, Prime Minister St. Laurent asked Vincent Massey, a former
diplomat, to lead a royal commission.
•
It was named the Massey commission.
•
It looked at Canadian culture, music, books, movies, theatre, dance,
and visual arts.
•
The commission found that many Canadians did not support their
own cultures.
•
They also found that Canadian artist had a hard time making a
living, or showing their work.
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Cont.
•
Canadian Symphony Orchestras did not play in concert halls like,
America, or Europe, instead orchestras played at hockey rinks.
•
The gallery of Canadian art in Ottawa was hidden behind the dinosaurs
at the National Museum.
•
The Massey Commission tried to figure out ways to develop culture in
Canada.
•
One idea was to create an organization that would give money to
Canadian artists.
•
They could be able to create books, play music, dance, and visual arts.
•
In 1957, The government set up the Canada Council Of the Arts to do
just that.
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Emily Carr (1871- 1945)
•
Emily Carr was a painter in British Columbia in the 1920s
and 1930s.
•
She was one of the first artists to paint Uniquely Canadian
subjects.
•
She was inspired by Natural landscape of the west Coast and
by the art of Aboriginal peoples, Especially the Haida.
•
Her famous piece of art was Chill Day in June, and that was
done in 1939.
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Canadians and nature
•
It is a saying that Canada’s true identity is found in Nature.
•
They say the landscape and climate make Canadians who
they are.
•
Canadians think of themselves as northern-Nature loving
people.
•
Prime Minister Mackenzie King once said, “Canadians have
more geography than history.
•
Anyways Canada is the second largest country in the world,
but it has few people and vast areas of land.
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Lining on Land

The natural environment always influenced the way people
lived.

Aboriginal have lived on land for many years so their culture
was shaped in the environment they lived in.

The water provided transportation to go places, and
sustained people and animals.

Plants provided food and materials.

Animals like the salmon of British Columbia, Moose of
Eastern Canada, and the seals of the North, also provided
food shelter and clothing.
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Cont.

The land also influenced where the settlers would live.

Some settlers chose land close to water because it was very useful for
them.

Some chose woodlands because it provided materials to make clothing
and boats.

The prairie held rich farmland and held food wheat for food and
materials.

Some places like Halifax Harbour, gave shelter from ocean storms.

The environment also influnced how Canadians support themselves.

Farmers, hunters, fishermen, and hunters all need the land for a living.
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BRRR!!!!

Canadians take pride in being a tough, Northern people who
can survive in a cold climate.

As the popular Quebec folk singer Gilles Vignealt sand:

Mon pays Ce n’ est pas un pays

C’ est ‘ hiver!

In english it means:

My country is not a country

It’s winter!
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Protecting nature

Many new industries made wealth for Canada.

They also pollute the environment and threatened wildlife.

Canadians started wanting to protect nature for the future.

In 1971, a group of conservationists in Vancouver started an
organization known as Greenpeace.

It’s members thought big buisnesses were more interested in
making a lot of money then protecting the environment.

They held protest to try and get industries to stop killing
whales, dumping poison in the the oceans and hunting seals.
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Continue…

Some people criticized Greenpeace for their protests, while
others supported.

Today Greenpeace work on 41 countries around the world.

A famous Greenpeace slogan goes:

“When the last tree is cut, when the last river Is poisoned,
and the last fish dead we will discover we cant eat money.”
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The canoe


The canoe was invented by the first nations people.
It has become a symbol of Canadians identity.

For many Canadians a canoe ride is a way to explore nature.

When canoeing people can imagine what it was like for the
fur traders, First nations, and explorers.

The Kanienkehaka (mohawk) poet Pauline Johnson became
famous for her poet about canoeing called “ The song my
paddle sings.”
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Cont.

In Quebec, a popular folktale tells about the ghost of the
voyageurs returning home in a flying canoe.

In the 1980’s, a Canadian comedy troupe called the Frantics
created a character called Mr.Canoehead.

Mr. Canoehead had a huge canoe where his head should
be.

He was always knocking things over.
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How Canadians see Themselves

Canadians have many myths and like most myths some are
true some are not.

Canadians think of themselves as friendly, and polite people.

Lester B. Pearson , Anne Murray and Mr. Dress up are all
examples of very polite Canadians.

Some Canadians are not very polite like Don Cherry, the
blustery former hockey coach and host of CBC’s hockey
night.

In 2004 Cherry said that French Canadian hockey players are
not “tough guys,” because they wore visors on their helmets.
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Cont…

Canadians also claim they are different from Americans

This is partly true.

Canada has two official languages instead of only one.

Canada has a Prime Minister instead of president.

Canadians say “zed” instead of “zee”

Although, many Canadians love watching American television, love
listening to their music and love shopping at American shops.

Canadians find it hard to explain what makes them different, however in
the 20th century there were special moments that made Canadian
identity become stronger.
+ Expo!

In the 1967, Canadians celebrated their country’s 100th
birthday or centennial.

They celebrated in many different ways.

A centennial train Travelled from sea to sea.

The order of Canada was founded.

It is a huge award for someone who makes an outstanding
contribution to the nation.

The project for Bowsman, Manitoba, was a new sewer system.
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Continue

The town celebrates the 100th birthday by burning down all its
outhouses.

The most important Expo was Expo ‘67, a world wide fair in
Montreal.

Expo ‘67 was a showcase of culture and technology from nations
around the world.

For years Canadians believed that Canada culture did not
measure up to countries like Britain, France, and the United
States.

Expo ‘67 gave Canada a chance to prove itself to the world.

Some 50 million visitors from around the world came to
Montreal.

They saw What Canada has to offer.
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Paul Henderson’s Winning Goal

To many Canadians, the 1972 world hockey series between
Team Canada and the Soviet Union was one of the greatest
sporting events of the 20th century

To support Canada, 3000 Canadians travelled thousands of
km to the Luzhkini Arena in the Soviet Union

The game was a tie.

Back home, 12 million Canadians, more than half of Canada’s
population watched the game on television in the middle of a
Wednesday Afternoon.
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Continued

The game was tied until the final seconds of the game.
Suddenly, Paul Henderson scored a goal, Canada won.

Team Canada’s goalie was Ken Dryden.

He said that the 1972 was not just a game, it was meant to
prove that Canadians were the world’s best hockey players.

The 1972 series also had a dark side, as well.

Some people said that Canadian hockey players wanted to
win at any cost.
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Cont.

It said that in one game a Canadian player broke the ankle of
Valery Kharlamov, the star player of the Russia team.

“this series was not concieved in the spirit of brotherhood
understanding,” said Dryden.

Neverless, the 1972 Canada-Russia hockey series was a high
point for Canadian pride.

It proved that hockey was, first and foremost, “Canada’s
game.”
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Does anyone hear speak
Canadian?

Words and language can tell a lot about the people who use
them.

Here are a few examples of Canadian English. (they can be
found in the Canadian oxford dictionary.)

Canadians are the only people in the world who use these
words.

What do they show about Canadian Culture?
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Canadian talk!

Depanneur(from French. Also shortened to dep.) A
convenience store.

Gitch (Canadian slang. Also known a gotch or gonch.)
Underwear.

Jambuster (Manitoba& Northwestern Ontario only) A jelly
doughnut.

Kielbasa(from Ukrainian) A garlic sausage.

Toque(From French)A winter hat.
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Canada in the media

In 1969, Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau visited Washington
D.C., in the United States.

He was a guest of honour at a national Press Club Dinner.

Trudeau described how Canadians felt being a neighbor to
the powerful United States.

“living next to you is like sleeping with an elephant,”Trudeau
said.

“No matter how friendly and even-tempered the Beast…one
is affected by every twitch and grunt.
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Canada in the media cont.

Trudeau had found a funny way to make a serious point.

American culture has a strong affect on Canada, Americans
express their culture through media,(movies, music,
magazines, radio, and television).

Since english is the main language in the United States,
English is a good market for American culture.

Canadian governments have tried to protect Canadians
culture from being squashed by the American Elephant.
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Continue.

They encourage the creation of Canadian media.

One all- Canadian agency is the Canadian broadcasting
Cooperation.

It has broadcast radio since 1933 and television since 1953.

In 1950, the Canadian government formed the national Film
Board of Canada (NFB).

Its job is to create films that interpret Canada to Canadians and
other nations.”

The NFB produces new films and reflect different Canadian
Viewpoints.
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Cont.

These come from filmmakers such as Montreal animator
Norman Mclaren, Abenaki documentary maker Alanis
Obomsawin, Ontario’s Donald Brittain, and western Canada’s
Roman Kroitor. (He invented the IMAX film format).

In Quebec the NFB became important in the 1960’s and
1970’s for expressing Quebec culture.

Nearly all of the in English- Canadian movie theatres come
from the United States.

The Canadian government also has lawsthat limit the amount
of American Media Canadian hear or see.

It is to make sure there is room for Canadia media.
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Continue 5…

Canadian Radio was mostly American music until 1971.

That year, the Canadian Radio and Television Commission
(CRTC) brought in Canadian content requirements
(CanCon).

Since then, 30% of the music played between 6:00 AM and
midnight has to be Canadian.

Some think that the government should not control the media
and some think Can Con is a good idea.

When Canadians began hearing their own musicians on the
radio it set of a homegrown music industry.
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Cont…

Canadians became fans.

Canadian recording studios sprang up and Canadian
musicians no longer had to move to the united States just to
record their music.

In 1964, the Juno Awards for Canadian recorded music were
founded.

By the mid-1990’s, the Canadian music industry was doing
very well.

It had to close to 200 music labels and many well-known
Canadian musicians.
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Children’s television in Canada

Did you know that Canada has been one of the largest
creators of Children’s television in the world?

CBC has created many classic children’s shows.

The friendly giant(1958-1985), starred Bob Homme as a giant
named Friendly..

He played songs on the recorder alongside a giraffe and
rooster.(in your book in the right).
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continue

Mr.Dressup (1967-1996) would find costumes in his tickle
truck.

Many early television shows spread Canadian culture.

In the 1960s, Helene Baillargeon and a mouse named Suie
taught anglophone children how to speak french.

Her show was called Chez Helene (1959-1973).
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I feel good! Pour moi ca va!

In the mid 1960s, Francophones did not have laws to protect
their language as they do today.

They had to find ways to overcome American cultural
influence.

The Quebec rock band Les Beethovens loved American style
rhythm and blues.

In 1966, they became famous in Quebec for their French
translation of James Brown’s hit song “I Got You”

Lead singer Pierre Perpall sang and danced, imitating Brown.
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Many different identities

In Canada, some people think their ethnic or cultural identity is
more important than their Canadian identity.

They call themselves French-Canadians, Hungarian-Canadians,
Or Japanese-Canadians.

Other people think Canadian identity should come first.

Prime minister Diefenbaker thought this way, he did not like
people calling him German-Canadian.

He wanted everyone to be simply Canadian.

Diefenbaker wanted civic identity for Canada.

That means Identity is not based on languages people speak or
where their family comes from, but on the citizenship everyone
shares Canadian.
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Cont.

Diefenbaker believed Canadians should concentrate on what
shared other than what made them different.

For Diefenbaker, that was good enough.

However, Canada is also made up of many different groups.

Group identities are important to people.

Diefenbaker said that this would divide people.

Others say that a strong group identity makes it easier for
people to live together.
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Understanding Quebec
Nationalism

Maka Kotto was born in Cameroon, Africa.

When he was a young man, he moved to France.

As an Actor in Paris, Kotto used theatre to speak against
racism and discrimination.

In the 1980’s he visited Quebec.

In 2004, Kotto Became a Quebec polititian.

He believes that Quebec should separate from Canada and
become its own Country, Many Quebeckers agreed.
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Continue…

It is that most French speaking place in canada.

They believe that Quebec’s culture makes it unique.

This belief is called Quebec Nationalism.

Many Canadian Prime Minister also thought of Quebec as it’s
own nation.

In 2006,Stephen Harper became the first Prime Minister in
Canadian history to officially state that Quebec is a nation
within Canada.

Some people do not like the idea of Quebec nationalism.

They say only French-Canadians are welcome into Quebec
and the rest are left out.
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Cont…

Racism does not exist in Quebec as it does elsewhere in
Canada.

Quebec nationalist say that all cultures are welcome.

In Quebec today there are francophone Quebeckers who’s
parents come from many different ethnic groups.

Someone like Maka Kotto shows that nomt all Quebeckers
are French-Canadian.
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The West Wants in!

Like Quebec, Western Canada has its own regional identity.

Western Canada includes three provinces (Manitoba,
Saskatchewan, and Alberta) and British Columbia.

Feeling of western Canada identity are very strong in
Canada.

A few polititians there have said Alberta should separate
from Canada.

The west, however, the west wants a stonger voice within
Canada and not a separate country.
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Continue

In 1986 an Albertan named Preston Manning founded a
political party for western Canadians called the reform party.

Manning joined politics to stop Western Alienation.

The Reform Party wanted to end bilinualism and high taxes.

It said that the federal government had too much power.

It also said that the provinces should run more of their own
buissnesses.

The reform party’s first slogan was, “The West Want In.”
Western Alienation
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+
Joe Clark (1939-?)

Joe Clark was Canada’s 16th Prime Minister.

He led the progressive Conservative Party from 1976- 1983.

He served a short term as a Prime Minister from 1976-1980.

He also spoke french so he could talk to Quebeckers in their
language.

Clark’s political rival, Leader Pierre Trudeau, believed
Canada needed one national Identity if it was going to stay
together.

Clark believed that Canada’s different identities made it
stronger, “In an immense country,” Clark argued.

He said Canada was a “community of communities.”
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Canada’s new Flag, 1965

For its first 98 years, Canada had no flag of it’s own.

It used to be the British flag.

When Lester B. Pearson became Prime Minister in 1963, he
wanted an all new Canadian flag.

French-Canadians, New- Canadians, and anglophones
agreed.

Many older people who had fought under the British flag in
the world wars disagreed with Pearson.
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Continuation.

The government asked to send their flag designs.

More than 2000 designs were sent in.

Yet no one could agree on the best one.

In the end, Pearson himself chose the maple leaf flag Canada
has today.

It flew for the first time above the house of commons
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Canada’s New Flag

For it’s first 98 years, Canada had no flag of its own

It was the British flag that flew above Canada’s schoolyards,
hockey rinks, and parliament buildings

Lester B. Pearson decided to get a new Canadian flag

French-Canadians, new Canadians, and young anglophones
agreed, and many older people who had fought in the world
wars disagreed

Pearson chose the maple leaf flag.

It flew for the first time above the house of commons in 1965.
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Canada’s new flag

The red Ensign, used officially from1945-1965.

Flag designed by A.Y. Jackson, a member of the group of
seven.

Pearson’s first design for the flag, which John Diefenbaker
mocked as the “Pearson Pennant.”

Canada’s current flag since 1965.
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Aboriginal Perspectives.

Many aboriginal peoples are famous in Canada.

The Anishinabe (ojibwa) war heroe Tommy Prince, the inuit
Filmmaker Zacharias Kunuk, The metis architect Douglas
Cardinal, the Nehiyaw (Cree) playwright Tomson Highway, as
well as Nehiyaw actor and politician Tina Keeper are all
among Canada’s cultural leaders.

The aboriginals know not only doing well in mainstream
North American society is important, but also their important
responsibilities to their culture and identity.
+
First nations: What does it mean?!?

In 1975, the dene people of the Northwest territories made a
statement to Canada and the world.

The Dene people were a nation. In their Dene Deceleration they
wrote:” Our struggle is for the recognition of the Dene nation by
the government of Canada and the peoples and the government
of the world.”

Canada has often been described as a partnership between 2
founding nations: The French and English.

When we talk of the first nations, we are saying they are the
original inhabitants of Canada.

The term First Nations reflect the way aboriginal people see
themselves in Canadian history.
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Cont.

The ancestors of the first nations, metis, and the Inuit people
were here thousands of years before Canada became a
nation.

First nations think of themselves as partners in
confederation.

By signing treaties, they agreed to share their land and their
culture with the European newcomers.

They did not agree to hand it over of give it up.
+
Aboriginal identity

The indian act (see page 60) gave certain rights to people registered as
status Indians.

Under the act, the government only to the people who have the Indian
status.

People with Indian status can live on reserves.

They have treaty benefits such as hunting and fishing rights.

Status is only based on the persons First Nation ancestry.

Sometimes, First Nations have adopted people from different ethnic
groups into their communities.

For example, Henry Mills, an African –American man, married to a
women from Kainai (blood) Nation of southern Alberta in the 1800s.
+
Continuation.

Mills could not get his status but he adopted to the Kainai
culture.

The royal commission on Aboriginal peoples (1996) said that
First nations are not racial groups.

Many Aboriginal people do not agree with laws that tell them
who they are.

“why is the government concerned about defining who and
Indian is and is not?” said author Thomas King.

There is not an Italian act, Russian act, or Greek act.”

King of Cherokee Greek, and German background, says that
Aboriginal people, NOT the government, should decide who
they are.
+
Aboriginal people and the
Environment

In every deliberation, we must consider the impact on the
seventh Generation. -From the great law of Iroquois

Many aboriginal people are concerned about how nature has
been changed by the industry and modern life in the past
150 years.

The law of the generation, from the great law of Iroquois ,
expressed their commitment to a healthy Earth.

That law says that, when making decisions about the natural
world, people must think about how those actions will affect
people 7 generations from now or should I say in about 175
years.
+
…Cont.
 For
thousands of years, Aboriginal peoples
have lived by certain beliefs and values. Many
believe that:
 Everything
 Nature
in the nature world is sacred.
will provide all that a person needs.
A
person must live in Harmony with nature, not
control it.
 People
must never take more than they need.
+

All things living are connected

Many aboriginal people have worked to make sure that the
Earths recources are not used up.

Billy day, an inuk elder from Inuvialuit, Northwest territories,
works to protect northern wildlife.

He has studied how pollution affects se animals that supply
the Inuit with food. He has also worked on land claims to
ensure that Inuit people control how their land is used.

Mary Thomas, a Secwepecmc (suh-Wep-muh) elder, has
worked for decades protecting the salmon rivers near her
central British Columbia community.

She Educates young people in the importance of looking
after the environment according to the first nations tradition.
+
End!

Thank you for watching and listening.

We hope you learned a lot.

Also when there is a test we hope all of you guys do well.

Bye  !!!