Do Now:
1. What are the 4 types of author’s purpose?
2. This was Kathy's first baby-sitting job. She was so excited, but she was
really nervous. Kathy's parents made her attend a baby-sitting workshop
before she could baby-sit her neighbor's five-year-old son, Matthew.
Kathy knew this was a lot of responsibility, but she thought she was ready.
Kathy marched confidently to Matthew's house and waved goodbye to
Matthew's parents. It seemed as soon as his parents left, Matthew fell and
hit his chin on the coffee table. Without panicking, she remembered
what she learned in her baby-sitting class and applied first-aid.
The author wants to show that
How do I identify the author’s purpose?
P – Persuade
I – Inform
E- Entertain
S – Share/Describe
Let’s Review
1
Notice the choices an author made
about structure, features, word choice,
voice, and point of view.
2
Ask, “Why did the author choose to write
this way instead of another way?”
How do you identify who is
telling a story ?
My father was a St. Bernard and my
mother was a collie. This is what my
mother told me. When I was well
grown, I was sold and taken away,
and I never saw my mother again.
We said our farewells, and looked
our last upon each other through our
tears.
Who is
telling the
story?
In this lesson you will learn how
to identify who is telling a story
by asking “Who is telling the
story? How do I know?”
Core Lesson
Lesson
Core
Narrator/Speaker
A narrator, or
speaker, is the
person who is telling
you the story
One day…
How do you identify who is
telling a story ?
My father was a St. Bernard and my
mother was a collie. This is what my
mother told me. When I was well
grown, I was sold and taken away,
and I never saw my mother again.
We said our farewells, and looked
our last upon each other through our
tears.
Who is
telling the
story?
Core Lesson
Lesson
Core
Narrator/Speaker
A narrator, or
speaker can tell a
story in 1st person,
2nd person, or 3rd
person point of
view.
One day…
Core Lesson
Lesson
Core
How someone sees
something, their
side of the story.
Point of View: The perspective from which the
story is told.
The narrator is the
person telling
Core Lesson
Lesson
Core
Narrator is outside the story
(key words: he, she, they).
First two types: First Person and Third Person
Narrator is inside the story
(key words : I, my, we).
Core Lesson
Lesson
Core
1st Person:
 The main character will tell you his or
her story
 The narrator uses pronouns like “I”
 This is similar to hearing a person tell
you about what happened to them
personally, or what they saw happen
first hand.
 What are some other pronouns
that can be used to show first
person point of view?
me, we, us, our, myself
3rd Person:
 The story is told by an
“outside narrator”, or
someone who is not in the
story.
 Like a video camera, the
narrator only reports what
everyone is doing and
saying.
 What are some pronouns
that will show third
person point of view?
 he, she, they, them
Let’s Review
1st Person:
 The main character will tell you his
or her story
 The narrator uses pronouns like “I”
 This is similar to hearing a person
tell you about what happened to
them personally, or what they saw
happen first hand.
 What are some other pronouns
that can be used to show first
person point of view?
me, we, us, our, myself
When I arrived at school, I went
straight down to the cafeteria to say
hello to all of my friends. I knew
they would be waiting to hear my
story about what happened yesterday
after school.
Let’s Review
3rd Person:
 A narrator will tell the
story using “he” or “she” to
refer to the main
character.
 Pronouns - he, she, they,
them
 There are two types of
third person points of
view.
 Limited
Tom walked straight down to the
cafeteria as soon as he got to school.
He was excited to share with his
friends how he scored the winning
goal in the soccer game last night.
3rd person Limited 3rd Person
Omniscient
The narrator tells the story The perspective of
with the thoughts of 1 several characters is
character = limited
known as third person
omniscient point of
view.
2nd Person Point of
View:
•
uses the pronoun you
- is not used often.
•
The narrator tells the
story to or is talking to
another character.
•
The reader may
believe the narrator is
talking to them.
You will never guess what
happens on July 4th!!! Fireworks!!!
Yes! You light a match to a firework
spark, and watch the magic happen.
Be careful, and make sure there is an
adult outside with you!
 Read the following excerpts. Decide which point
of view is used in each one and record it in your
notes. Make sure to provide 2 examples of
evidence for your decision.
A
 Mr. Johnson looked at Charles sternly. He simply didn’t
know what to do with this boy. Charles had been in Mr.
Johnson’s office twice earlier this week. Now here he was
again, and this time he was charged with something much
more serious. Mr. Johnson shook his head. There really
was no doubt in his mind. Charles was guilty. He looked at
the police officer standing next to Charles. No question
whatsoever--Charles had done it.
A
 Mr. Johnson looked at Charles sternly. He simply didn’t
know what to do with this boy. Charles had been in Mr.
Johnson’s office twice earlier this week. Now here he was
again, and this time he was charged with something much
more serious. Mr. Johnson shook his head. There really
was no doubt in his mind. Charles was guilty. He looked at
the police officer standing next to Charles. No question
whatsoever--Charles had done it.
 Excerpt A was Third Person Limited. The author, not a
character, is telling the story. We can see only what Mr.
Johnson is thinking. We know what Mr. Johnson thinks,
but we do not know what the officer or Charles thinks.
We also do not know whether or not Charles is really
guilty.
B
 I can’t believe what is happening to me. I know
that I’ll never convince Mr. Johnson and the cop
that I had nothing to do with this. Man! I didn’t
do it. Why won’t anyone believe me? I’ve been in
trouble before, but I’ve never done anything like
this! I’ve got to convince them, or I might as well
kiss my life good-bye.
B
 I can’t believe what is happening to me. I know
that I’ll never convince Mr. Johnson and the cop
that I had nothing to do with this. Man! I didn’t
do it. Why won’t anyone believe me? I’ve been in
trouble before, but I’ve never done anything like
this! I’ve got to convince them, or I might as well
kiss my life good-bye.
Excerpt B is an example of First Person Point of View.
Charles, a character in the story, is telling us what
happened to him. We know that Charles is innocent.
C
 Officer Wiley looked at Charles and scratched his head.
All the evidence pointed to Charles’s guilt, but the officer
just couldn’t be sure. Mr. Johnson, on the other hand,
knew that Charles was guilty as sin. His numerous brushes
with authority in the past left no question in his mind at all.
Charles hung his head, knowing that this time he would not
be able to talk his way out of trouble.
C
 Officer Wiley looked at Charles and scratched his head.
All the evidence pointed to Charles’s guilt, but the officer
just couldn’t be sure. Mr. Johnson, on the other hand,
knew that Charles was guilty as sin. His numerous brushes
with authority in the past left no question in his mind at all.
Charles hung his head, knowing that this time he would not
be able to talk his way out of trouble.
Excerpt C is an example of Third Person Omniscient Point
of View. The author is telling the story, but we can see
what Officer Wiley, Charles, and Mr. Johnson are
thinking. We know that Mr. Johnson believes Charles is
guilty, but Officer Wiley has doubts. We still are not
sure whether or not Charles is guilty.
D
 When I saw them taking Charlie into the office, I
lingered outside the door, hoping to find out what
he had done this time. Charlie was my best friend,
but I was getting a little tired of defending him
when I knew he was wrong. He must have done
something really big this time to have the cops
involved.
D
 When I saw them taking Charlie into the office, I
lingered outside the door, hoping to find out what
he had done this time. Charlie was my best friend,
but I was getting a little tired of defending him
when I knew he was wrong. He must have done
something really big this time to have the cops
involved.
Excerpt D is an example of First Person Point of
View. A friend, one of the characters in the story,
is narrating. Since he does not know whether or
not Charles is guilty, neither do we.
E
 You kick off your shoes and flop onto the bed—
landing, of course, among millions of mites. Had you
any inkling that your bedding was alive with
arthropodic bugs, chomping away on flakes of your
dead skin, you would be so disgusted you would
probably choose to lie on the floor. Yet every one
of us, including the rich, the pious, and the royal of
blood, sleeps each night in colonies of such mites.
E
You kick off your shoes and flop onto the bed—
landing, of course, among millions of mites. Had you
any inkling that your bedding was alive with
arthropodic bugs, chomping away on flakes of your
dead skin, you would be so disgusted you would
probably choose to lie on the floor. Yet every one of
us, including the rich, the pious, and the royal of
blood, sleeps each night in colonies of such mites.
 Excerpt E is an example of Second Person Point of
View. The narrator is telling a story directly to
another character. The reader may be confused and
believe the narrator is talking to them.
Core Lesson
Lesson
Core
My father was a St. Bernard and my
mother was a collie. This is what my
mother told me. When I was well
grown, I was sold and taken away, and I
never saw my mother again. We said
our farewells, and looked our last upon
each other through our tears. The last
thing she said—keeping it for the last to
make me remember it the better, I
think—was, "In memory of me, when
there is a time of danger to another, do
not think of yourself. Think of your
mother. Do as she would do."
Pause after
beginning a new
passage or story.
Core Lesson
Lesson
Core
My father was a St. Bernard and my
mother was a collie. This is what my
mother told me. When I was well
grown, I was sold and taken away, and I
never saw my mother again. We said
our farewells, and looked our last upon
each other through our tears. The last
thing she said—keeping it for the last to
make me remember it the better, I
think—was, "In memory of me, when
there is a time of danger to another, do
not think of yourself. Think of your
mother. Do as she would do."
Who is telling the
story? How do I
know?
How are the
characters being
introduced?
Core Lesson
Lesson
Core
My father was a St. Bernard and my
mother was a collie. This is what my
mother told me. When I was well
grown, I was sold and taken away, and I
never saw my mother again. We said
our farewells, and looked our last upon
each other through our tears. The last
thing she said—keeping it for the last to
make me remember it the better, I
think—was, "In memory of me, when
there is a time of danger to another, do
not think of yourself. Think of your
mother. Do as she would do."
Who is telling
the story? How
do I know?
• 1st person
• A dog is
telling the
story?
Core Lesson
Lesson
Core
My father was a St. Bernard and my
mother was a collie. This is what my
mother told me. When I was well
grown, I was sold and taken away, and I
never saw my mother again. We said
our farewells, and looked our last upon
each other through our tears. The last
thing she said—keeping it for the last to
make me remember it the better, I
think—was, "In memory of me, when
there is a time of danger to another, do
not think of yourself. Think of your
mother. Do as she would do."
Who is telling
the story? How
do I know?
• A dog is telling the story
• I know this because the dog
has a St. Bernard for a father,
and a collie for a mother
• The dog also tells us about
being sold
Core Lesson
Lesson
Core
1
Pause after beginning a passage
2
Ask: “Who is telling the story?”
3
Ask: “How do I know?”
In this lesson you have learned
how to tell who is telling a story
by pausing after beginning a
passage and asking “Who is telling
the story? How do I know?”
Guided Practice
Read this passage.
How does a person who began in humble circumstances become
a legend? Along the rim of the Polar Sea, Keesh lived and died.
From father to son, from brother to sister, from summer when the
sun does not set, until winter when the sun does not shine,
Keesh’s story is still told over and over again.
When Keesh’s father was killed while hunting to save the village
from starvation, the villagers soon forgot him. They neglected
Keesh and his widowed mother, Ikeega, who shared a small igloo
together. This all changed when Keesh turned thirteen.
Guided Practice
Who is telling this story? How do you
know?
Quick Quiz
The first place that I can well remember was a
large pleasant meadow with a pond of clear water in
it. Some shady trees leaned over it, and rushes and
water-lilies grew at the deep end. Over the hedge on
one side we looked into a plowed field, and on the
other we looked over a gate at our master's house,
which stood by the roadside; at the top of the
meadow was a grove of fir trees, and at the bottom a
running brook overhung by a steep bank.
Quick Quiz
While I was young I lived upon my mother's
milk, as I could not eat grass. In the daytime I ran by
her side, and at night I lay down close by her. When it
was hot we used to stand by the pond in the shade of
the trees, and when it was cold we had a nice warm
shed near the grove.
As soon as I was old enough to eat grass my mother
used to go out to work in the daytime, and come back
in the evening.
Let’s Review
Narrator
A narrator is the
person who is telling
you the story
One
day…
Let’s Review
How someone sees
something, their
side of the story.
Point of View: The perspective from which the
story is told.
The narrator is the
person telling
How do you figure out who is
telling a story ?
Dyamonde Daniel was a gem
waiting to be discovered. Just
ask her.
So what if she had wild-crazy
hair and was skinnier than half a
toothpick? On the inside, she
was extraordinary. Plus super
smart. As a matter of fact, she
had more brains in her tiny little
pinky than most kids had in their
entire bodies.
Who is
telling the
story?
Core Lesson
Lesson
Core
Dyamonde Daniel was a gem
waiting to be discovered. Just
ask her.
So what if she had wild-crazy
hair and was skinnier than half a
toothpick? On the inside, she
was extraordinary. Plus super
smart. As a matter of fact, she
had more brains in her tiny little
pinky than most kids had in their
entire bodies.
Pause after reading
the first page.
Core Lesson
Lesson
Core
Dyamonde Daniel was a gem
waiting to be discovered. Just
ask her.
So what if she had wild-crazy
hair and was skinnier than half a
toothpick? On the inside, she
was extraordinary. Plus super
smart. As a matter of fact, she
had more brains in her tiny little
pinky than most kids had in their
entire bodies.
How does the
author
introduce the
characters?
Core Lesson
Lesson
Core
Dyamonde Daniel was a gem
waiting to be discovered. Just
ask her.
So what if she had wild-crazy
hair and was skinnier than half a
toothpick? On the inside, she
was extraordinary. Plus super
smart. As a matter of fact, she
had more brains in her tiny little
pinky than most kids had in their
entire bodies.
The author
introduces the main
character using her
name and “she”
Told in the 3rd
person
Core Lesson
Lesson
Core
Dyamonde Daniel was a gem
waiting to be discovered. Just
ask her.
So what if she had wild-crazy
hair and was skinnier than half a
toothpick? On the inside, she
was extraordinary. Plus super
smart. As a matter of fact, she
had more brains in her tiny little
pinky than most kids had in their
entire bodies.
Story is told in
the 3rd person
by an outside
narrator
Core Lesson
Lesson
Core
1
Pause after reading the first page.
2
Ask: How does the author introduce the
characters?
3
Jot down who is telling the story.
Guided Practice
Is this passage written in the 1st person or
the 3rd person?
Core Lesson
Lesson
Core
How someone sees
something, their
side of the story.
Point of View: The perspective from which the
story is told.
The narrator is the
person telling
Core Lesson
Lesson
Core
Narrator is outside the story
(key words: he, she, they).
Two types: First Person and Third Person
Narrator is inside the story
(key words : I, my, we).
Core Lesson
Lesson
Core
The liveliest seal that father and I ever
caught was also the only one that ever got
away. We named him Nab. Although father
had been catching seals for zoos and
circuses almost as long as I can remember,
Nab was too sharp for him.
It was my failed attempt to recapture him
that ended the most exciting experience I
ever had with a seal.
What point of
view?
First Person
Point of View
Core Lesson
Lesson
Core
The narrator says that
this was the most
exciting experience he
ever had with a seal.
This tells me, that the
author chose his point
of view to give the
story the most
excitement possible.
How does this
shape the
story?
Core Lesson
Lesson
Core
The author chose the
son’s perspective to
give the story a tone of
excitement. If he had
chosen the dad’s
perspective, it would
have been frustration
and less exciting.
Why did the
author make
this choice?
Core Lesson
Lesson
Core
1
Identify the point of view.
2
Ask: How does this shape the story?
3
Ask: Why did the author make this choice?
In this lesson you have analyzed
point of view by recording and
reflecting on how the narrator’s
experiences changed the story.
Guided Practice
A guard came to the prison shop,
where Jimmy Valentine was
stitching shoes, and escorted him
to the front office. There, the
warden handed Jimmy his pardon,
which had been signed that
morning. Jimmy took it in a tired
sort of what. He had served nearly
ten months of a four-year
sentence. He had expected to stay
only three months, at the longest.
Men with Jimmy Valentine’s
connections usually got out of
prison in a matter of weeks.
What point
of view?
Guided Practice
A guard came to the prison shop,
where Jimmy Valentine was
stitching shoes, and escorted him
to the front office. There, the
warden handed Jimmy his
pardon, which had been signed
that morning. Jimmy took it in a
tired sort of what. He had served
nearly ten months of a four-year
sentence. He had expected to stay
only three months, at the longest.
Men with Jimmy Valentine’s
connections usually got out of
prison in a matter of weeks.
How does it
change the
story?
If the story was from
the prisoner’s
perspective…
Guided Practice
A guard came to the prison shop,
where Jimmy Valentine was
stitching shoes, and escorted him
to the front office. There, the
warden handed Jimmy his pardon,
which had been signed that
morning. Jimmy too it in a tired
sort of way. He had served nearly
ten months of a four-year term. He
had expected to stay only three
months at the longest. Men with
Jimmy Vaentine’s connections
usually got out of prison in a
matter of weeks.
Why did the
author
choose this?
Guided Practice
1
Identify the Point of View
2
Ask: How does it change the story?
3
Ask: Why did the author make this choice?
Extension Activities
Group Extension: Working with your group read
the text. Then, apply the three steps to
identify the point of view, how it shapes the
story, and why the author made this choice.
Quick Quiz
When I was a boy I lived
in one of those rustic
neighborhoods on the
outskirts of the great
“Maine woods.” Foxes
were plenty, for about all
those sunny pioneer
clearings birch-partridges
breed by thousands, as
also field-mice and
squirrels, making plenty
of game for Reynard.
Review the passage from “A Droll Fox-Trap.”
Using the three steps identify the point of
view, how it shapes the story, and why the
author chose this perspective.
Point of View:
How it changes the story:
Why the author made this choice: